NEUROPSYCHIATRIE最新文献

{"title":"Burnout symptoms, burnout rate, well-being, and academia-related stress factors in medical students : A study in two private medical schools in Austria.","authors":"Christine Leitner, Leonhard Thun-Hohenstein","doi":"10.1007/s40211-026-00582-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40211-026-00582-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Burnout among medical students is a well-known problem, but only few data from Austria are available. This study's goal was to examine the prevalence of burnout symptoms in two private universities in Austria and to identify the stressors contributing to it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical students in their second year or at later stages of their studies were asked to complete an online questionnaire. Using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS), the three subscales emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced academic efficacy were measured. The six potentially burnout-related stressors identified were workload, exam pressure, financial stress, work-life balance, time management, and lack of support for mental health. Additionally, psychological well-being measured via the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) and subjective stress assessed via the visual analog scale (VAS) were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 168 students were included in the final analysis (average age 23.9 years; 69.0% female). Overall, 33.9% of students met the cut-off criteria for burnout on all three subscales and 78% on at least two. Scores for emotional exhaustion (86.3%) and reduced academic efficacy (82.1%) were most frequently elevated. Work-life balance and a perceived lack of mental health support were most consistently linked to higher burnout subscale and lower WHO‑5 scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Around one third of students met the cut-off criteria on all three MBI-SS subscales. Not one single stressor was observed to be causing burnout symptoms, but rather a lack of work-life balance and mental health support seem to play a major role.</p>","PeriodicalId":44560,"journal":{"name":"NEUROPSYCHIATRIE","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148266564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective and objective olfactory dysfunction and its screening value in patients with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's dementia.","authors":"Philipp Dopke, Johann Lehrner","doi":"10.1007/s40211-026-00581-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40211-026-00581-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to an ageing population and increased life expectancy, Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is becoming increasingly important. Since AD is characteristically preceded by subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutics are essential for diagnosis at an early stage. Olfactory dysfunction is commonly associated with cognitive decline, indicating its potential as a diagnostic marker.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the association between olfactory function, evaluated with the Sniffin' Sticks Odor Identification Test (SS-OIT), and Assessment of Self-Reported Olfactory Functioning (ASOF) inventory across five cognitive subgroups (healthy controls [HC], SCD, non-amnestic MCI, amnestic MCI, and AD). Furthermore, this study investigated the utility of olfactory testing in screening for AD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, single-center cross-sectional study was conducted at the Neurology Department of the Medical University of Vienna. The study included 958 participants during the period 2000-2023. Cognitive and olfactory functions were assessed using standardized neuropsychological and olfactory tools. Statistical analyses included descriptive measures, analysis of variance (ANOVA), model testing, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Olfactory performance declined with increasing cognitive impairment, with the strongest contrast showing an effect size of r = 0.51 between HC and AD. The SS-OIT (area under the ROC curve [AUC]: 75.3%) and Olfactory-Related Quality of Life subscale (ORQ; AUC: 64.8%) were identified as the most effective in distinguishing AD, with the following recommended cut-offs: SS-OIT ≤ 9; Subjective Olfactory Capability (SOC) ≤ 6; Self-Reported Capability of Perceiving Specific Odors (SRP) ≤ 4.10; and ORQ ≤ 3.67.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Olfactory functioning shows moderate reliability in distinguishing subgroups; nevertheless, the proposed cut-off values may be suitable for AD screening. Further studies are recommended to confirm our findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":44560,"journal":{"name":"NEUROPSYCHIATRIE","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148165085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"bericht aus dem ögpp-vorstand.","authors":"Goedl-Fleischhacker U","doi":"10.1007/s40211-026-00580-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40211-026-00580-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44560,"journal":{"name":"NEUROPSYCHIATRIE","volume":"40 2","pages":"108-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148151477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal care for mother and baby in severe postpartum mental illness.","authors":"Rupa Sanadi, Ranga Rao, Claudia Klier, Nabagata Das, Prabha S Chandra","doi":"10.1007/s40211-025-00550-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40211-025-00550-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe postpartum mental illnesses (PPSMI), including postpartum psychosis, bipolar disorder, and major depression, affect approximately 1-2 per 1000 deliveries and can lead to serious consequences including suicide, infanticide, and long-term disruptions in the mother-infant relationship. In many low-resource settings, the absence of specialized mother-baby units (MBUs) necessitates alternate models of care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This narrative review synthesizes current evidence and clinical guidelines on managing PPMI in outpatient and inpatient settings. Key focus areas include rational psychopharmacology, indications for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), identification of organic conditions, psychosocial interventions, and family involvement, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Effective management of PPSMI requires timely diagnosis, individualized medication plans compatible with breastfeeding, and consideration of conditions such as autoimmune encephalitis or cerebral venous thrombosis in atypical presentations. ECT is a valuable, often underutilized, option. Multidisciplinary teams play a key role in psychiatric evaluation, pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment. Family engagement, telepsychosocial support, caregiver education, safety planning and community-based care are essential in the absence of MBUs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A multidisciplinary, biopsychosocial approach adapted to local resources is vital for managing PPSMI. Strengthening perinatal mental health services and policies can improve maternal outcomes and ensure safer environments for both mother and infant.</p>","PeriodicalId":44560,"journal":{"name":"NEUROPSYCHIATRIE","volume":" ","pages":"93-101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145082036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing the WHO Mosaic Toolkit to End Stigma and Discrimination in Mental Health : A participatory approach.","authors":"Petra C Gronholm, Jay-Bethenny Gallimore, Ledia Lazeri, Jason Maurer, Maria Milenova, Arnaud Poitevin, Cassie Redlich, Ana Maria Tijerino Inestroza, Zbyněk Roboch, Graham Thornicroft","doi":"10.1007/s40211-025-00536-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40211-025-00536-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stigma and discrimination related to mental health are major global challenges that demand urgent, evidence-based responses. The Mosaic Toolkit to End Stigma and Discrimination was developed in response to calls for practical guidance to end stigma and discrimination. This article outlines the co-production process behind the toolkit's creation, carried out from December 2022 to August 2024, through a collaboration between World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, the Global Mental Health Peer Network, and King's College London. The development involved extensive consultation with individuals with lived experience and a wide range of stakeholders, ensuring cultural relevance, inclusivity, and applicability in diverse settings. The toolkit outlines core principles for stigma reduction, an action-oriented process model, illustrative case studies, and supportive resources including advocacy tools. Grounded in the principle of \"nothing about us without us\" and the power of social contact, the practical strategies within the WHO Mosaic Toolkit offers a concrete path to ending mental health stigma. The next crucial step will involve supporting implementation in real-world contexts to create lasting change. Designed for global application, the toolkit aims to foster dignity, inclusion, and rights-based approaches to end mental health stigma and discrimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":44560,"journal":{"name":"NEUROPSYCHIATRIE","volume":" ","pages":"55-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13234060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geopsychiatry and the complex mental health challenges of conflict: a review examining local and distal psychiatric outcomes in a fractured world.","authors":"Alexander Smith, Juan Graña, Rowalt Alibudbud, Albert Persaud, Julio Torales, Ana Buadze, Michael Liebrenz","doi":"10.1007/s40211-025-00567-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40211-025-00567-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Armed conflicts can engender substantial detrimental effects for mental health, both within immediate settings and for faraway populations. Guided by frameworks from geopsychiatry, this narrative review underlines the local- and macro-level psychiatric consequences of conflicts, informed by illustrative findings from academic sources and gray literature focusing on contemporary global disputes. Specifically, the review demonstrates that exposure to conflict is consistently associated with elevated rates of mental illnesses, which are worsened by devastated healthcare systems and related phenomena. Subsequently, it highlights how vulnerable populations often experience disproportionate mental health burdens in conflict, before exploring how secondary, distal psychiatric effects can arise from vicarious media exposure, forced displacement, and associated environmental degradation. With the most armed hostilities occurring since the end of World War Two, the paper concludes by considering how the psychiatric discipline can adapt to confront the modern challenges of diversifying patient populations in an increasingly turbulent geopolitical landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":44560,"journal":{"name":"NEUROPSYCHIATRIE","volume":" ","pages":"77-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145935405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental healthcare planning: current and future challenges.","authors":"Johannes Wancata, Fabian Friedrich","doi":"10.1007/s40211-026-00577-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40211-026-00577-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reforms of psychiatric care systems in Western countries have been guided by several principles such as de-institutionalization, mental healthcare close to the community, and integration into general healthcare. This paper reflects the achievements, shortfalls, and problems of selected aspects of mental health reforms. Despite major improvements, there have also been some setbacks. We consider such analyses to be essential for future care planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":44560,"journal":{"name":"NEUROPSYCHIATRIE","volume":" ","pages":"67-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13233886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rising tide of drug-induced psychosis.","authors":"Robin M Murray, Alessandra Paparelli, Marta Di Forti, Paul Morrison","doi":"10.1007/s40211-025-00541-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40211-025-00541-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recreational use of psychotogenic drugs has become more common in the last 30 years with consequent increase in drug-induced psychosis; 25-50% of such psychoses progress to schizophrenia within 5 years. Most cases result from abuse of methamphetamine or cannabis. The spread of methamphetamine psychosis has occurred without any liberalisation of laws; it is highly addictive and easy to make in small \"kitchen\" labs. The increase in cannabis use has been facilitated by a softening of attitudes towards the drug, and in some countries, especially in North America, by legalisation for so-called \"medicinal use\" and then recreational use. The potency of cannabis has greatly increased, especially in countries that have legalised its use, and the worldwide legal sales of cannabis for 2025 are estimated at $ 65 billion. The consequences are being seen with many reports of increases in the incidence of cannabis-psychosis and schizophrenia. In the 1980s some physicians predicted an epidemic of obesity and diabetes due to changes in diet and life style. Sadly, their predictions were correct. We are now at the beginning of a similar epidemic of drug-induced psychosis. Public education campaigns of the type that decreased tobacco smoking are necessary to avoid psychiatric services being overwhelmed.</p>","PeriodicalId":44560,"journal":{"name":"NEUROPSYCHIATRIE","volume":" ","pages":"87-92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13233876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"bericht aus dem ögkjp-vorstand.","authors":"A Karwautz","doi":"10.1007/s40211-026-00578-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40211-026-00578-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44560,"journal":{"name":"NEUROPSYCHIATRIE","volume":"40 2","pages":"106-107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148151409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Services to improve outcomes in severe mental disorders.","authors":"Merete Nordentoft","doi":"10.1007/s40211-025-00539-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40211-025-00539-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe mental disorders, particularly schizophrenia and related disorders, remain among the most disabling and costly health conditions worldwide. Despite advances in pharmacological and psychosocial treatments, recovery rates remain low. Early intervention has emerged as a key strategy to improve outcomes. Reducing the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and providing specialized early intervention services-such as Denmark's OPUS, the UK's LEO, and the US Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode (RAISE) trial-have shown significant benefits in symptom reduction, functioning, and cost-effectiveness. Assertive Community Treatment (ACT), Individual Placement and Support (IPS), and Housing First programs further enhance recovery for individuals with complex needs, including comorbid substance use and homelessness. Innovative therapies, such as avatar-based treatment for persistent hallucinations, show promise in treatment-resistant cases. Children of parents with severe mental illness are at elevated risk and offer a unique opportunity for prevention. The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study (VIA 7), which follows high-risk children from age 7 to 19, exemplifies how longitudinal research can identify early modifiable risk factors and inform timely interventions. To improve long-term outcomes, services must be coordinated, person-centered, and recovery-oriented-delivering care that is accessible, humane, and tailored to the individual's stage of illness and life circumstances.</p>","PeriodicalId":44560,"journal":{"name":"NEUROPSYCHIATRIE","volume":" ","pages":"61-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13233947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}