Tobacco Prevention & Cessation最新文献

{"title":"Comfort levels in discussing tobacco smoking among hospital staff in a children's hospital.","authors":"Yannan Li, Cordelia Eliaho, Bian Liu, Karen Wilson","doi":"10.18332/tpc/162438","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tpc/162438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hospital staff discussing smoking with children and their families can impact tobacco control, which is crucial in reducing the harmful effects of tobacco smoke exposure. Our study aims to assess staff comfort level in discussing smoking with patients or their families, and coworkers, after the implementation of a hospital-wide tobacco control policy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 2340 staff members who completed an anonymous online survey in a large urban children's hospital in 2019. The main outcomes of interest were the comfort level in discussing smoking with patients or their families, and co-workers. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify whether the comfort level varied by sex, age, job type, and smoking status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most of the respondents (83.8%) were female, 41.2% were aged 18-35 years, 57.6% worked as clinical staff, and 15.5% were ever smokers. Compared to males, females were less likely to feel very comfortable in asking patients or their families about their smoking tobacco (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=0.72; 95% CI: 0.56-0.92) or talking to co-workers about the health risks associated with their smoking (AOR=0.71; 95% CI: 0.54-0.93). Staff who were non-smokers were less likely to feel very comfortable in talking to co-workers about the health risks associated with their smoking (AOR=0.60; 95% CI: 0.45-0.78). The odds of feeling very comfortable in discussing smoking were consistently lower among those aged 18-35 years than their older counterparts. Clinical staff were more likely than non-clinical staff to feel very comfortable in discussing with patients and their parents about smoking, but there was no difference when talking to co-workers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found differences in staff comfort level in discussing smoking with patients or their families, and coworkers, by sex, age, job type, and smoking status. These results can guide training and identify potential barriers and improve tailored tobacco control training programs and policies for hospital staff.</p>","PeriodicalId":44546,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Prevention & Cessation","volume":"9 ","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10233744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9587413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation fidelity of a smoke-free workplace intervention in a private medical company: A mixed-methods process evaluation.","authors":"Sofie K B Rasmussen,&nbsp;Lærke L Lidegaard,&nbsp;Charlotta Pisinger,&nbsp;Nina F Johnsen,&nbsp;Maria Kristiansen","doi":"10.18332/tpc/162878","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tpc/162878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Smoke-free workplaces are considered an important part of tobacco control strategies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate implementation fidelity and explore the significance of social and contextual factors for the implementation of a strict smoke-free workplace intervention in a large Danish medical company.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The UK Medical Research Council's guidance for process evaluation was used as a framework. Data were collected from approximately six months before the implementation until ten months after (2019-2020). A mixed method study design was used (a survey of 398 employees, a focus group of four employees and field visits on two days). Data were analyzed separately and later integrated through triangulation. We used the Fisher's exact test in the analysis of the questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We assessed the implementation fidelity through four key factors: reach, dose and delivery, mechanisms of change, and context for the intervention components. Despite compliance issues, the policy component had high implementation fidelity. However, the implementation fidelity of the smoking cessation support component was low. We identified three social mechanisms influencing the employees' responsiveness towards the policy: expectation, the social aspect of the smoking facilities, and management leadership. COVID-19 was identified as the main contextual factor affecting the implementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although not all elements of the intervention components were implemented as planned, the strict smoke-free workplace intervention is considered implemented. Further strategies can be initiated to raise implementation fidelity through better communication concerning the cessation support component, compliance, and enforcement of the policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":44546,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Prevention & Cessation","volume":"9 ","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10214475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9550958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public attitudes to implementing financial incentives in stopsmoking services in Ireland.","authors":"Ellen Cosgrave, Aishling Sheridan, Edward Murphy, Martina Blake, Rikke Siersbaek, Sarah Parker, Sara Burke, Frank Doyle, Paul Kavanagh","doi":"10.18332/tpc/162364","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tpc/162364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Financial incentives improve stop-smoking service outcomes. Views on acceptability can influence implementation success. To inform implementation planning in Ireland, public attitudes on financial incentives to stop smoking were measured.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional telephone survey was administered to 1000 people in Ireland aged ≥15 years in 2022, sampled through random digit dialing. The questionnaire included items on support for financial incentives under different conditions. Prevalence of support was calculated with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) and multiple logistic regression identified associated factors using adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% CIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Almost half (47.0%, 95% CI: 43.9-50.1) of the participants supported at least one type of financial incentive to stop smoking, with support more prevalent for shopping vouchers (43.3%, 95% CI: 40.3-46.5) than cash payments (32.1%, 95% CI: 29.2-35.0). Support was similar for universal and income-restricted schemes. Of those who supported financial incentives, the majority (60.6%) believed the maximum amount given on proof of stopping smoking should be under €250 (median=100, range: 1-7000). Compared to their counterparts, those of lower education level (AOR=1.49; 95% CI: 1.10-2.03, p=0.010) and tobacco/e-cigarette users (AOR=1.43; 95% CI: 1.02-2.03, p=0.041) were significantly more likely to support either financial incentive type, as were younger people.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While views on financial incentives to stop smoking in Ireland were mixed, the intervention is more acceptable in groups experiencing the heaviest burden of smoking-related harm and most capacity to benefit. Engagement and communication must be integral to planning for successful implementation to improve stop-smoking service outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":44546,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Prevention & Cessation","volume":"9 ","pages":"09"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10068872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9311408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public attitudes to implementing financial incentives in stopsmoking services in Ireland","authors":"E. Cosgrave, A. Sheridan, E. Murphy, M. Blake, Rikke Siersbaek, Sarah Parker, S. Burke, F. Doyle, P. Kavanagh","doi":"10.1101/2023.01.13.23284530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.13.23284530","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Financial incentives improve stop smoking service outcomes. Views on acceptability can influence implementation success. To inform implementation planning in Ireland, public attitudes to financial incentives in stop smoking services were measured. METHODS: A cross-sectional telephone survey was administered to a random digit dialled sample of 1000 people in Ireland aged 15 years and older in 2022. The questionnaire included items on support for financial incentives under different conditions. Prevalence of support was calculated with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) and multiple logistic regression identified associated factors using Adjusted Odds Ratios (aORs, with 95% CIs). RESULTS: Almost half (47.0%, 95% CI 43.9%-50.1%) supported at least one type of financial incentive to stop smoking, with support more prevalent for shopping vouchers (43.3%, 95% CI 40.3%-46.5%) than cash payments (32.1%, 95% CI 29.2%-35.0%). Support was similar for universal and income-restricted schemes. Of those who supported financial incentives, the majority (60.6%) believed the maximum amount given on proof of stopping smoking should be under euro250 (median=euro100, range=euro1-euro7000). Versus comparative counterparts, those of lower educational attainment (aOR 1.49 95% CI 1.10-2.03, p=0.010) and tobacco/e-cigarette users (aOR 1.43 95% CI 1.02-2.03, p=0.041) were significantly more likely to support either financial incentive type, as were younger people. CONCLUSIONS: While views on financial incentives to stop smoking in Ireland were mixed, the intervention is more acceptable in groups experiencing the heaviest burden of smoking-related harm and most capacity to benefit. Engagement and communication must be integral to planning for successful implementation to improve stop smoking service outcomes.","PeriodicalId":44546,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Prevention & Cessation","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84734144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lesson-drawing in tobacco control: A qualitative study of stakeholder perceptions in five North-Western European countries.","authors":"Thomas G Kuijpers,&nbsp;Anton E Kunst,&nbsp;Marc C Willemsen","doi":"10.18332/tpc/161999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/161999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The theory of 'family of nations' posits that countries draw policy lessons predominantly from similar countries. Lesson-drawing in tobacco control has, however, been primarily studied in the 'English-speaking' family. We examined in five diverse North-Western European countries whether the government engages in lesson-drawing regarding best practices in tobacco control, which countries they look at for guidance, and why these were chosen as a reference.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Perceptions of 29 policy participants from civil society and government were assessed by means of interviews conducted in Belgium, Finland, Germany, Ireland, and the Netherlands. Relevant excerpts were grouped according to country and a bottom-up thematic analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The tobacco control instruments described by the policy participants were tobacco marketing bans (display ban and plain packaging) and smoke-free policies. German interviewees stated that the German federal government is not inclined to engage in foreign lesson-drawing. All other governments were perceived to look at Australia for lessons because of its global leadership in tobacco control. At the same time however, lessons from Australia were easily dismissed because it is an 'island' and far away. Irish interviewees observed their government to primarily look at other English-speaking countries. Governments in Belgium, Finland and the Netherlands were observed to primarily look at nearby European countries for lessons.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Countries in North-Western Europe seem to draw policy lessons based on proximity and similarity to other countries concerning marketing bans and smoke-free policies. Proponents of tobacco control may use these findings to facilitate effective lesson-drawing in their countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":44546,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Prevention & Cessation","volume":"9 ","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10132212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9450516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pilot randomized controlled trial of automated and counselor-delivered text messages for e-cigarette cessation.","authors":"Nandita Krishnan,&nbsp;Carla J Berg,&nbsp;Daisy Le,&nbsp;Jasjit Ahluwalia,&nbsp;Amanda L Graham,&nbsp;Lorien C Abroms","doi":"10.18332/tpc/157598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/157598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Automated text messaging programs show promise for e-cigarette cessation. Adding live text counseling could make them more engaging. We developed Quit the Vape (QTV), an automated e-cigarette cessation text messaging program, designed to be delivered as stand-alone or with counselor-delivered messages (QTV-C), and evaluated the acceptability and preliminary efficacy of QTV and QTV-C.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between May and August 2021, we recruited 58 e-cigarette users, aged 20-43 years, 53.5% male, 63.8% non-Hispanic White, from an ongoing cohort study in the United States. Inclusion criteria were: using nicotine-containing e-cigarettes on ≥4 days per month; smartphone ownership; and not receiving tobacco cessation treatment. Motivation to quit did not impact eligibility. Participants were randomized to QTV (n=20), QTV-C (n=19), or control (link to e-cigarette cessation website, n=19). At end-of-treatment, we assessed program engagement and satisfaction, and self-reported quitting behaviors (e.g. point prevalence abstinence, PPA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, average past-month e-cigarette use was 26.8 days (SD=6.2). At follow-up at 4 weeks, among QTV and QTV-C participants, ≥85% replied to ≥1 message, ≥35% set a quit date, and ≤15% opted out. More QTV and QTV-C participants (55.6%) versus control (17.7%) reported program satisfaction (p=0.034). QTV-C participants (vs QTV and control) trended more favorably on 7-day e-cigarette PPA [27.8% (95% CI: 11.5-53.3) vs 11.1% (95% CI: 2.6-37.0) and 5.9% (95% CI: 0.7-34.5)] and quit attempts [66.7% (95% CI: 41.6-84.9) vs 50.0% (95% CI: 27.4-72.6) and 52.9% (95% CI: 29.2-75.5)].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adding live text counseling to an automated text messaging program is acceptable and shows promise for e-cigarette cessation. A larger trial is warranted to assess its efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":44546,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Prevention & Cessation","volume":"9 ","pages":"04"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9926687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10755198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reasons to decrease or stop nicotine and tobacco use among adults and association with MPOWER scores in twenty-one middle- and high-income countries, 2019-2020.","authors":"Saida R Sharapova,&nbsp;Carrie Whitney,&nbsp;Rose Sulentic,&nbsp;Liping Pan,&nbsp;Indu B Ahluwalia","doi":"10.18332/tpc/167957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/167957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study examined reasons why people planned to reduce or stop tobacco consumption and their relationship with MPOWER scores, adjusting for sociodemographic, cultural, and economic factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data used were Euromonitor International's Voice of the Consumer: Nicotine Survey 2019-2020, World Bank's country income and WHO's MPOWER policy scores. Analytical sample included 21913 adults of legal smoking age in 21 middle- and high-income countries who used nicotine and tobacco products and planned to reduce or stop their consumption in the next 12 months. Poisson regression models with robust error variance, adjusted for sociodemographic and tobacco use covariables, generated adjusted risk ratios (ARRs) of selecting a certain reason to reduce tobacco consumption dependent on continuous MPOWER scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Main reasons to reduce or stop tobacco consumption were improving health (85%), saving money (65%), pressure from family (19%), and using another substance instead (4%). Country variation was observed by MPOWER scores. Positive associations were found between some MPOWER scores and reasons to reduce or stop tobacco consumption: enforcing bans on tobacco advertising and using another substance (ARR=1.28; 95% CI: 1.11-1.47); warning about dangers of tobacco and saving money (ARR=1.25; 95% CI: 1.19-1.32); offering help to quit tobacco and using another substance (ARR=1.26; 95% CI: 1.10-1.45) or family pressure (ARR=1.11; 95% CI: 1.04-1.17); anti-tobacco campaigns and using another substance (ARR=1.15; 95% CI: 1.08-1.23); and raising taxes and saving money (ARR=1.11; 95% CI: 1.09-1.13).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MPOWER scores are associated with reported reasons to quit tobacco including to improve health, save money, respond to family pressure or use another substance instead.</p>","PeriodicalId":44546,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Prevention & Cessation","volume":"9 ","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10360442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10222655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fees for laboratory analyses of tobacco and related products in Europe: The next step forward.","authors":"Enrico Davoli,&nbsp;Silvano Gallus,&nbsp;Federica Mattioli,&nbsp;Alessandra Lugo,&nbsp;Renata Solimini,&nbsp;Francisco R Domínguez,&nbsp;Miguel M Troasur,&nbsp;Constantine Vardavas","doi":"10.18332/tpc/161896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/161896","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44546,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Prevention & Cessation","volume":"9 ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10120366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9758054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Good Practice Statements for the treatment of nicotine dependence.","authors":"Renata Solimini,&nbsp;Otto Ruokolainen,&nbsp;Zsuzsa Cselko,&nbsp;Helena Koprivnikar,&nbsp;Lorenzo Spizzichino,&nbsp;Stathis Papachristou,&nbsp;Adrián González-Marrón,&nbsp;Emilia Nunes,&nbsp;Dolors Carnicer-Pont,&nbsp;Esteve Fernandez,&nbsp;Anna Mar López,&nbsp;Elena Demosthenous,&nbsp;Biljana Kilibarda,&nbsp;Silvano Gallus,&nbsp;Cristina Gómez-Chacón,&nbsp;Ivona Keć,&nbsp;Maja Valentic,&nbsp;Hanna Ollila","doi":"10.18332/tpc/167964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/167964","url":null,"abstract":"The current and potential future scenario regarding consumers of new and emerging tobacco and nicotine products and their sustained addiction to nicotine is a significant global public health concern. To address this issue, it is crucial to incorporate individuals addicted to these products into the existing treatments for smoking cessation, as per the Good Practice Statements (GPS) provided by the GRADE working group 1-3 . GPS","PeriodicalId":44546,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Prevention & Cessation","volume":"9 ","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10336859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10180919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the intensity of cigarette odors based on the perception of consumers.","authors":"Efthimios Zervas,&nbsp;Niki Matsouki,&nbsp;Charikleia Tsipa,&nbsp;Emannuel Konstantinidis,&nbsp;Zoe Gareiou","doi":"10.18332/tpc/162103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/162103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We evaluated the tobacco odor intensity of cigarettes based on a large consumer panel and explored the differences of odor intensity perception based on sex, age and smoking habits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The perceived intensity of tobacco odor of cigarettes was evaluated using a consumer group method. A consumer panel of 240 volunteers (80 smokers, 80 ex-smokers and 80 non-smokers) was asked to smell eleven unlit cigarettes and then report their tobacco odor intensity in a specific questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All volunteers clearly determined the presence of tobacco odor in all cigarettes. There is a general decrease of the perceived odor intensity with age, for both males and females. Moreover, tobacco odor perceived intensity, among all volunteer groups (smokers, non-smokers, ex-smokers), was higher for females than for males. Non-smokers declared the highest perceived tobacco odor intensities, followed by ex-smokers and smokers, who recorded the lowest perceived odor intensity. Perceived odor intensity decreased with age, with a higher rate for females compared to males, but independently of the smoking habits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Regular and untrained consumers confirmed that a tobacco odor of different intensity can be perceived during the smelling of unlit cigarettes. This perceived intensity depends on sex, age and smoking habits.</p>","PeriodicalId":44546,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Prevention & Cessation","volume":"9 ","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10134906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9747166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}