International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Teachers’ Attitude Towards and Experiences with e-learning Tools at Two Universities in Different Phases of e-learning Implementation 两所大学教师在实施e-learning的不同阶段对e-learning工具的态度和体验
International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-15 DOI: 10.46328/ijtes.487
Parisa Aqdas Karimi, Seyyed Kazem Banihashem, Harm Biemans
{"title":"Teachers’ Attitude Towards and Experiences with e-learning Tools at Two Universities in Different Phases of e-learning Implementation","authors":"Parisa Aqdas Karimi, Seyyed Kazem Banihashem, Harm Biemans","doi":"10.46328/ijtes.487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.487","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper focusses on the teachers’ attitude towards and experiences with e-learning tools at two universities in different phases of e-learning implementation. The study population comprises teachers at university level and a simple random sampling method was used. A total of 45 teachers in bachelor programmes from the Faculty of Agriculture of Kabul University (KU) in Afghanistan filled out the survey. For this study, secondary data on Wageningen University and Research (WUR) in the Netherlands was also used from a survey which was recently conducted by Banihashem et al., (2023) in which 307 teachers participated. Data were analysed through descriptive statistics and the two settings were compared in general terms. The results showed that the majority of the respondents at KU and WUR had a favourable attitude towards e-learning tools and that this attitude is an important enabling or disabling factor in the adoption of technology. The findings also indicated respondents’ access and facilities, e.g., at KU for interaction with students mainly among teachers HELMS during COVID-19 and for assessment, individual assignments and quizzes were used. Meanwhile, at WUR and mainly among teachers, for interactive purposes Brightspace assignments (and, for assessment, group assignments), Brightspace grades, individual assignments and rubrics were used. Consequently, this research paper will add to the existing knowledge in this area, potentially having a positive influence on the educational sector, because doing so could help the educational system to improve and to better consider the aspects which influence the attitude of teachers that leads to applying a technology. In addition, we recommend more e-learning research studies in Afghanistan in order to find a solution for educating women in Afghanistan.","PeriodicalId":44518,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reducing Perceived Transactional Distance in Distance Education: The Impact of the Chatbot 减少远程教育中的感知交易距离:聊天机器人的影响
International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-15 DOI: 10.46328/ijtes.511
Oguz Onat, Sevinc Gulsecen
{"title":"Reducing Perceived Transactional Distance in Distance Education: The Impact of the Chatbot","authors":"Oguz Onat, Sevinc Gulsecen","doi":"10.46328/ijtes.511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.511","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of utilizing a chatbot named 'YakınDost' on the perceptions of transactional distance among distance education students. Transactional distance, which involves communication and interaction between students and instructional personnel, is a critical aspect of distance education. To address this, chatbots are increasingly being employed as tools to facilitate engagement. Developed using IBM Watson Assistant, 'YakınDost' serves as a conversational agent to address common inquiries related to courses, assignments, instructors, exams, and technical matters. The primary objective of this research is to assess how the integration of the 'YakınDost' chatbot influences students' perceptions of transactional distance. To achieve this, the 'Transactional Distance Perception Scale' was administered at the outset and conclusion of the fall semester to first-year students at a state university. Additionally, during the mid-semester, students were introduced to the YakınDost chatbot and were invited to participate in the 'Chatbot Usability Scale.' Out of 2000 students, the data analysis focused on 583 students who completed both pre-test and post-test surveys, among which 398 students interacted with the chatbot. The findings highlight a significant reduction in students' perceptions of transactional distance due to the implementation of the YakınDost chatbot.","PeriodicalId":44518,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology","volume":"234 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135758724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigation of Teacher Candidates' Tendencies towards Digital Speech 教师候选人数字化言语倾向调查
International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-15 DOI: 10.46328/ijtes.525
Abdulkadir Kirbas, Mesut Bulut
{"title":"Investigation of Teacher Candidates' Tendencies towards Digital Speech","authors":"Abdulkadir Kirbas, Mesut Bulut","doi":"10.46328/ijtes.525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.525","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examine Turkish language and literature and Turkish teacher candidates' tendencies towards digital speech. In this context, participants' digital speech tendencies were analyzed in terms of various variables. These variables include gender, the department they study at the university, whether they have previously participated in an online meeting or program as a speaker, social media use, whether they have taken a course on \"communication, effective communication, human relations and communication, oral expression, speech training\", and digital speech skills. Variables include having prior knowledge, preferring face-to-face communication, preferring speaking, and preferring online/distance communication. The research was conducted on a total of 296 teacher candidates (231 female, 65 males) studying at a university in eastern Turkey. The study was conducted in the survey model. According to the results of the research, teacher candidates' digital speech tendencies were determined in terms of variables such as department, having previously participated in an online meeting as a speaker, using social media applications, having taken undergraduate-level communication, effective communication, human relations and communication, oral expression, speaking training\" courses. However, significant differences were found in terms of some variables such as gender, level of knowledge about digital speech, preference for face-to-face communication and speaking, and preference for online and distance communication. In addition, it was determined that 80% of the teacher candidates had a medium level of digital speech tendencies. These results provide an important perspective for better understanding and developing the digital speech tendencies of teacher candidates.","PeriodicalId":44518,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135760037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Influence of Leadership, Quality Culture, and Job Satisfaction on Commitment in Implementing Quality Assurance Policies 领导力、质量文化和工作满意度对实施质量保证政策承诺的影响
International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.46328/ijemst.3760
Suryadi Damanik, Suprayitno Suprayitno, Mesnan Mesnan, Usman Nasution
{"title":"The Influence of Leadership, Quality Culture, and Job Satisfaction on Commitment in Implementing Quality Assurance Policies","authors":"Suryadi Damanik, Suprayitno Suprayitno, Mesnan Mesnan, Usman Nasution","doi":"10.46328/ijemst.3760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.3760","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the influence of leadership on commitment in implementing quality assurance policies, the influence of quality culture on commitment in implementing quality assurance policies, the effect of job satisfaction on commitment in implementing quality assurance policies, the influence of leadership and quality culture on job satisfaction and commitment in implementing quality assurance policies at Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia. The research sample is 202 lecturers. The research instrument used was a questionnaire, and the data was analyzed using Path Analysis. From the result of the study, it was found that there was a significant influence of leadership variables on job satisfaction. Quality culture has a positive effect on job satisfaction. Leadership has a positive effect on commitment to implementing quality assurance policies. Quality culture has a positive effect on commitment to implementing quality assurance policies, and job satisfaction also has a positive effect on commitment to implementing quality assurance policies. Taken together, leadership, quality culture, and job satisfaction positively affect commitment to implementing quality assurance policies.","PeriodicalId":44518,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology","volume":"708 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135788881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Variables Associated with the Digital Learning Environment on Students' Motivation and Attitudes 数字学习环境相关变量对学生学习动机和态度的影响
International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.46328/ijemst.3781
Saltanat Abildina, Zhannat Sardarova, Raikhan Ozgambayeva, Sholpan Janzakova, Almagul Kalykbayeva, Almagul Bitikova, Eleonora Abdol
{"title":"The Effect of Variables Associated with the Digital Learning Environment on Students' Motivation and Attitudes","authors":"Saltanat Abildina, Zhannat Sardarova, Raikhan Ozgambayeva, Sholpan Janzakova, Almagul Kalykbayeva, Almagul Bitikova, Eleonora Abdol","doi":"10.46328/ijemst.3781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.3781","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to determine the relationships between digital learning readiness, attitudes, academic motivation and attitudes of students studying in the department of educational sciences of a university in Kazakhstan in terms of some variables. The data of the study were obtained from 1st-4th grade students studying in the department of educational sciences of a university in Karaganda, Almaty, Aktau, Kazakhstan in the academic year 2021-2022 (N=261). Percentage, frequency, mean, Independent Samples t test, F test and Regression Analysis techniques were used to analyze the data. In the study, it was found that students' digital learning attitudes were positive and their digital learning readiness was at a moderate level. Digital learning readiness and attitudes of university students showed a significant difference according to gender variable. However, no difference was found in digital readiness and attitudes according to the class variable. Finally, according to the regression analyses, it was found that the participant university students' digital learning readiness and attitudes predicted their academic motivation and attitudes at a significant level.","PeriodicalId":44518,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135788884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trait- and State-Components of Mathematics Anxiety versus Perceived Mathematics Anxiety 数学焦虑的特质和状态成分与认知数学焦虑
International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.46328/ijemst.2958
Annamarie Fortune, Erica Dorethea Spangenberg
{"title":"Trait- and State-Components of Mathematics Anxiety versus Perceived Mathematics Anxiety","authors":"Annamarie Fortune, Erica Dorethea Spangenberg","doi":"10.46328/ijemst.2958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.2958","url":null,"abstract":"Negative emotions such as mathematics anxiety (MA) may lead to the avoidance of mathematics, which can have dire consequences for future career-related decisions. This paper compared Grade 10 learners’ levels of trait-MA with perceived MA according to the type of school and gender. Both quantitative and qualitative data through a survey conducted with 427 Grade 10 mathematics learners from seven schools were collected. Quantitative data were descriptively analysed, while qualitative data were inductively coded and categorised. Participants from an independent school reported higher levels of trait-MA than those from the other types of schools. Female participants experienced higher levels of trait-MA than their male counterparts. More participants reported perceived MA as opposed to those who measured high levels of trait-MA. MA was viewed as a negative emotional response to activities and situations related to mathematics with a wide range of causes and consequences. This study provides valuable insight for the development of an instrument to measure perceived MA.","PeriodicalId":44518,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135788632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Using Artificial Intelligence and Digital Learning Tools based on Project-Based Learning Approach in Foreign Language Teaching on Students' Success and Motivation 基于项目教学法的外语教学中使用人工智能和数字化学习工具对学生成功和学习动机的影响
International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.46328/ijemst.3712
Ariya Azamatova, Nuraisha Bekeyeva, Kulyay Zhaxylikova, Arailym Sarbassova, Nagima Ilyassova
{"title":"The Effect of Using Artificial Intelligence and Digital Learning Tools based on Project-Based Learning Approach in Foreign Language Teaching on Students' Success and Motivation","authors":"Ariya Azamatova, Nuraisha Bekeyeva, Kulyay Zhaxylikova, Arailym Sarbassova, Nagima Ilyassova","doi":"10.46328/ijemst.3712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.3712","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to determine the effect of digital tools and artificial intelligence applications on the achievement, motivation and retention of university students on the basis of project-based teaching approach in foreign language course. Pre-test post-test experimental design with control group was used as the method in the study. A total of 64 (32 experimental, 32 control) second-year students studying at the universities in Almaty, Kazakhstan participated in the study. The participants were divided into two groups as control and experimental groups. Foreign language Achievement Test and Motivation Scale for foreign language were used as data collection tools. In the research, in the experimental group, applications were carried out with digital tools and artificial intelligence on the basis of project-based learning approach. In the control group, the foreign language course was carried out with the traditional teaching approach. The application lasted eight weeks in total. The results of the analysis showed that the applications carried out in the experimental group had positive effects on the students' foreign language course achievement and motivation. On the basis of the project-based learning approach, digital tools and artificial intelligence applications not only contributed positively to students' achievement and motivation, but also ensured the retention of what was learned. Finally, suggestions for future research were developed in the study.","PeriodicalId":44518,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135788876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of the Use of Digital Technologies in Physical Education Lessons on Students' Physical Education Cultures and Attitudes towards the Lesson 体育教学中使用数字技术对学生体育文化和体育态度的影响
International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.46328/ijemst.3700
Yernar Ospankulov, Aziya Zhumabayeva, Sabira Nishanbayeva, Bagzhan Ussen, Ali Zhalel
{"title":"The Effect of the Use of Digital Technologies in Physical Education Lessons on Students' Physical Education Cultures and Attitudes towards the Lesson","authors":"Yernar Ospankulov, Aziya Zhumabayeva, Sabira Nishanbayeva, Bagzhan Ussen, Ali Zhalel","doi":"10.46328/ijemst.3700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.3700","url":null,"abstract":"Among the main objectives of the 'Primary School Physical Education Curriculum' is to raise individuals with knowledge, skills and behaviors integrated with values and competencies. In addition, one of the important goals of the Kazakh education system is to provide students with 21st century and related digital skills in all lessons. For this purpose, the current study examined the effect of digital technology and face-to-face teaching practices on students' lesson achievement, skills, attitudes, cultural awareness and value perceptions in primary school physical education lessons compared to traditional teaching. The study was conducted with a control group pre-test post-test design. A total of 60 students attending the 4th grade of primary school took part in the study. In the experimental group of the study, digital technologies supported face-to-face education and in the control group, traditional teaching practices were carried out. The research data were collected with 'Physical Education Lesson Acquisition Test', 'Physical Education Psychomotor Skills Test', 'Attitude Towards Physical Education Scale' and 'Cultural Awareness and Value Perception Scale in Physical Education' measurement tools. The experimental applications of the research lasted 8 weeks simultaneously in the control and experimental groups. According to the findings of the study, significant differences were found in favor of the experimental group in physical education lesson outcomes and attitudes. However, no significant difference was found between the groups in psychomotor skills and value perception.","PeriodicalId":44518,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135788633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Impact of Applying Scientific Learning with Conventional Learning on Creativity and Physical Education Learning Outcomes of High School Students 科学学习与传统学习相结合对高中生创造力和体育学习成果的影响
International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.46328/ijemst.3832
Mesnan Mesnan, Nimrot Manalu, Amir Supriadi
{"title":"The Impact of Applying Scientific Learning with Conventional Learning on Creativity and Physical Education Learning Outcomes of High School Students","authors":"Mesnan Mesnan, Nimrot Manalu, Amir Supriadi","doi":"10.46328/ijemst.3832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.3832","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to see the influence of scientific and conventional learning on the creativity and learning outcomes of physical education students in high school. This experimental research uses test instrument techniques for learning outcomes and questionnaires for creativity, with a 2x2 factorial ANOVA research design. The number of samples was 50 people for the scientific learning group and 40 for the conventional learning group, and the sampling technique used cluster random sampling. Before carrying out an analysis of variance (ANOVA), first carry out the analysis requirements, namely the normality test and homogeneity test. Next, the two-way ANOVA test was used at a significance level of α of 0.05 and continued with the Scheffe test at a significance level of α = 0.05. The research results show that 1). There are differences in the influence of conventional and scientific learning on creativity; 2). There are differences in the effect of conventional learning and scientific learning on physical education learning outcomes; 3). There are differences in the influence of conventional and scientific learning on creativity and physical education learning outcomes; 4). There is an interaction between the influence of conventional learning and scientific learning on creativity and physical education learning outcomes.","PeriodicalId":44518,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135788634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Digital Content Designed Based on Learning Styles on Academic Achievement and Motivation toward Learning 基于学习风格设计的数字内容对学习成绩和学习动机的影响
International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.46328/ijemst.3750
Mamon Saleem Alzboun, Niveen Z. Halalsheh, Feras Mahmoud Alslaiti, Hanadi Aldreabi, Nisreen Kareem Salama Dahdoul
{"title":"The Effect of Digital Content Designed Based on Learning Styles on Academic Achievement and Motivation toward Learning","authors":"Mamon Saleem Alzboun, Niveen Z. Halalsheh, Feras Mahmoud Alslaiti, Hanadi Aldreabi, Nisreen Kareem Salama Dahdoul","doi":"10.46328/ijemst.3750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.3750","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at examining the effect of using digital educational content designed by learning style (audio, visual, or kinesthetic) on the academic achievement and motivation towards learning among students of the Life Skills subject at Al al-Bayt University during COVID-19. The study sample consisted of two groups chosen randomly; one was the experimental group and comprised 55 students, while the other was the control group and comprised 50 students. An academic achievement test, consisting of 25 questions and a motivation scale of 25 items was prepared to measure the use of digital educational content based on learning style (audio, visual, or kinesthetic) in the academic achievement and motivation towards learning among Life Skills students. The validity and reliability of the study tools were determined. To answer the study questions, the means and standard deviations of the study sample were calculated, and a one-way analysis of variance (ANCOVA) was computed. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of academic achievement and the scores on the motivation scale due to the variable of teaching method, in favor of the experimental group, which studied using digital educational content based on learning style (audio, visual, or kinesthetic). The researchers recommended generalizing the experience of using digital educational content based on learning styles (audio, visual, or kinesthetic) due to its impact on the academic achievement and motivation toward learning among students of the Life Skills subject at Al al-Bayt University during COVID-19 on various subjects in the university.","PeriodicalId":44518,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135788878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信