Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal最新文献

{"title":"A critical analysis of temperature variation in relation to urban microclimates and the post-mortem interval","authors":"S. Bird, T. S. Oost","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2022.2084928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2084928","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Temperature data was collected from seven citizen scientists and one expert scientist at eight study sites for a period of 29 days between January 3rd, 2021 and February 3rd, 2021 within the region of Greater Sudbury, Ontario. The purpose of the study was to determine if significant differences exist between the eight study sites and the only Environment Canada weather station for the Greater Sudbury area that could potentially cause negative influences on a PMI estimation. Ambient air temperature was collected five times daily in 3-hour intervals between the hours of 0900 h and 2100 h. Maximum and minimum daily temperatures were recorded during the 2100 h collection. ANOVA, Tukey HSD, and a t-test were performed, showing that significant differences exist between three of the study sites when they are individually compared to Environment Canada. Microclimatic effects can explain this variation and the results serve to caution forensic practitioners that relying on Environment Canada data without studying crime scene environment could lead to errors in PMI calculation.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48049562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The admissibility of fingerprint evidence: An African perspective","authors":"Mark O. Ezegbogu, P. I. Omede","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2022.2068404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2068404","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fingerprint analysis involves the comparison of a latent print and an exemplar using the standard ACE-V methodology. The uniqueness and persistence of fingerprints form the basis of their use as unique human identifiers. Despite its usefulness in criminal investigation, fingerprint analysis has been criticised for its likelihood to, sometimes, occasion avoidable miscarriages of justice. The causes of error in fingerprint analysis include cognitive bias, non-conforming regulatory standards, and ethical misconduct. This article analyses the types and causes of error in fingerprint analysis vis-à-vis the common law requirement in Nigeria and other Commonwealth countries to prove criminal charges beyond reasonable doubt. Finally, it discusses the peculiar challenges of using forensic fingerprint analysis in the criminal justice system in developing countries and explores possible ways of solving these problems.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41469117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The estimation of sex, age, and stature from the distal femoral cortical thickness","authors":"H. Teke, Sait Ozsoy, S. Duran, Tulay Renklidag","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2022.2069344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2069344","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The estimation of sex, age, and stature from bones play an important role in identifying parts of bodies or skeletal remains. We aimed to explore femoral cortical thickness in relation to formulating predictive models for age, sex, and stature in a cross-section of the Ankara population using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The study included left and right knee MRI images taken from individuals without trauma-related fractures, mass lesions, or deformities. The study sample comprised 108 subjects. Using the measurements of the femoral right anterior and posterior cortex and left medial cortex, sex could be determined with a mean 77.8% accuracy. When the relationship between age and male sex only was investigated with the correlation test, a strong relationship was seen between the right medial cortical thickness and age (r: 0.35; p: 0.00). No correlation was found between cortical thickness and age in the female group. All the information obtained about the effects of sex, age, and similar factors on the cross-sectional geometry of the long bones can be obtained indirectly on radiographs referring to any population.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46045015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New individual features in lip prints – a potential support for personal identification","authors":"Jagmeet Kaur, M. Thakar","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2022.2062828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2062828","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Human Lip prints are usually found as physical evidence at the crime scenes. Lip prints are composed of a characteristic pattern formed by wrinkles and grooves present on the Klein’s zone (mucosal area) of human lips. Various scientists have classified lip prints based upon the pattern of wrinkles and furrows (Martin Santos, Suzuki and Tsuchihashi, Renaud, Afchar Bayar, and Jose Maria Dominguez). Whereas Kasprzak classified lip prints based on 23 individual characteristics. In the present study, an attempt was made to further explore new features present on the lips besides Kasprzak’s classification system. Lip prints were collected from 500 individuals using the standard tape lifting method and the digital images were divided into 10 sections, each. Each section was assessed separately to determine the presence of existing and new individual features so that even a smaller fragment of the lip print recovered from the crime scene can be identified successfully. 25 new Individual features were unveiled in the present study. The frequency of these features was calculated, and the results were found to be statistically significant. A new/combined Individual features’ (Kasprzak’s features and new features) classification system is expected to add more objectivity to the process of personal identification.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43578485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isotope ratio method: state-of-the-art of forensic applications to CBRNE materials","authors":"A. Barry, S. Thomson, I. Dimayuga, Ankur Chaudhuri, Than Do","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2022.2054109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2054109","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The threat of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) events is a serious challenge worldwide. This threat is aggravated by the prevalence of potential CBRNE materials normally used for industrial and scientific purposes. One potential deterrent to the use of CBRNE materials for nefarious purposes is the ability by law enforcement to attribute interdicted threat materials in terms of their provenance and linking them to people, places, and events. Isotope Ratio Method (IRM) is a technique that utilizes ratios of different isotopes of particular elements present in an investigated material to determine an isotopic signature of that material. A survey of the literature has been conducted in order to consolidate the state of current knowledge on the forensic application of IRM specifically to CBRNE materials. This review is intended for both researchers and policy makers to help identify gaps in knowledge and to determine the strategic direction of research and development to advance the application of IRM in the general arena of public safety and security.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49540545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological variation in the mandible of white males and females from the East Texas region for potential applications for skeletal identification","authors":"Lissette M. Varela, Benjamin H. Moss, P. Moore-Jansen","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2022.2043522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2043522","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The mandible is a bone that preserves well in forensic and archaeological contexts and has sound use for sex estimation techniques when the bones of the cranium and pelvis are absent. Past research has frequently used morphological assessments of the mandible, which have long been recognized as a useful means for estimating sex. This study addressed the application and effectiveness of metric and non-metric observations to illustrate the morphological variation of mandibular size and shape to explore sexual dimorphism between males and females. Three non-metric observations and fourteen metric measurements were recorded on mandibles from a skeletal sample of two-hundred and thirty-six individuals from a collection acquired in the region of southeastern Texas. The findings of this study demonstrate that the use of select metric measurements, including bigonial width, bicondylar breadth, minimum and maximum ramus breadth, transverse diameter of the mandibular condyle, maximum ramus height, mandibular length, mandibular total length, and mandibular ramus height, should be considered for sex estimation in the mandible. Two regression models were reported in this study one with eleven measurements at 81.48% accuracy and one with three measurements at 83.33% accuracy. Alternatively, the non-metric analyses exhibited no significant correlation with sex in the study sample, and therefore, non-metric observations of the mandible are not reliable in sex estimation.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49177078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observer error in assessing age-related morphology using digital photographs of the pubic symphyseal face","authors":"S. Hisham, K. Zainun, M. Ibrahim","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2022.2053279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2053279","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Forensic anthropologists have long utilised visual assessment of morphological characteristics to establish a biological profile in order to assign an identity to undocumented remains. The present study used the Suchey-Brooks method to estimate ages based on pubic symphysis metamorphosis, as this method may be vulnerable to inherent subjectivity in the assessment of the qualitative phase. This study examines the observer agreement on the pubic symphysis metamorphosis assessment based on digital photographs. A total of 11 observers, with varying levels of qualification and experience, scored 10 pubic symphyses from the collection housed in the Department of Forensic Medicine Hospital Serdang. Fleiss’ Kappa was used in order to assess inter-observer agreement. Results showed that the overall agreement percentage for all observers was 28% (κ = 0.14), slightly increasing to 50% (κ = 0.40) when taking into account only the score given by observers who also have experience with photographs of skeletal remains. Understanding the role of observer agreement (i.e., reliability and reproducibility) is critical for the assessment of age-related morphology from pubic symphysis digital images. This study highlights a problem with the Suchey-Brooks method in assessing age, which was due to inter-observer error. The difficulty in interpreting the characteristic descriptions, especially in digital photographs, emphasises the need for proper training in skeletal morphology assessment.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48857072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misdiagnosis of a primary vaginal stone leading to a suspicion of sexual assault in a heavily disabled woman","authors":"A. Kerschen, S. Aydin, E. Marbaix, V. Gérin, Vincent Haufroid, M. Daudon, J. Vanhaebost","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2022.2051326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2051326","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A 26-year-old heavily disabled woman was admitted through the emergency department after presenting signs of respiratory distress. A pear-shaped object present in the vagina was discovered unexpectedly on a full-body CT-scan. Sexual assault was suspected and the case was subsequently reported to the authorities. The office of the forensic medical examiner was notified to further investigate the case. The vaginal object of unknown origin was sent to the pathology department, where it was identified as being a primary vaginal stone and the hypothesis of a sexual assault could be excluded. The aim of this case report is to raise awareness amongst clinicians and forensic medical examiners about the existence of vaginal stones, especially in female patients suffering from disabilities, incontinence and recurrent infections of the pelvic area. The presence of a foreign body can be suspicious of sexual assault in certain settings, but physicians as well as medical examiners need to be careful while interpreting lesions in order to protect patients from unnecessary investigations that can be traumatic such as sexual assault kits.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47544102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating colonization time of maggots infesting wounds in dogs: three case studies","authors":"W. Bandara, W. Karunaratne, R. Fuward, A. Dangolla, A. Yasakeerthi","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2022.2043521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2043521","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Forensic entomology is a key means of solving crimes related to both humans and animals by estimating the minimum postmortem interval (mPMI) or minimum time of colonization (mTOC). In Sri Lanka, this is the first attempt to estimate mTOC of the myiasis-causing fly Chrysomya bezziana (Villeneuve) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in animal wounds using accumulated degree days (ADD). This study focuses on three dog myiasis cases reported to two veterinary clinics in Peradeniya, 2015. The mTOC is calculated for all three dog cases at temperature 38.8 °C which is the normal body rectal temperature of the dog. Based on the results, all infestations were due to a single fly species, C. bezziana and the ADD calculations suggest female C. bezziana flies have laid the eggs six days prior to the removal of C. bezziana larvae from the wounds. The present study highlights the importance and application of insect evidence to solve crime cases related to myiasis. Résumé L’entomologie médico-légale est un moyen clé de résoudre les crimes liés à la fois aux humains et aux animaux en estimant l’intervalle post-mortem minimum (mPMI) ou le temps minimum de colonisation (mTOC). Au Sri Lanka, il s’agit de la première tentative d’estimation du mTOC de la mouche responsable de la myiase Chrysomya bezziana (Villeneuve) (Diptera : Calliphoridae) dans les blessures d’animaux en utilisant la méthode d’accumulation des degrés-jour (méthode ADD). Cette étude se concentre sur trois cas de myiase canine signalés à deux cliniques vétérinaires à Peradeniya, 2015. Le mTOC est calculé pour les trois cas canins à une température de 38,8 °C, qui est la température rectale corporelle normale du chien. D’après les résultats, toutes les infestations étaient dues à une seule espèce de mouche, C. bezziana et les calculs de l’ADD suggèrent que les mouches femelles C. bezziana ont pondu les œufs six jours avant le retrait des larves de C. bezziana des plaies. La présente étude met en évidence l’importance et l’application des preuves d’insectes pour résoudre les cas de crime liés à la myiase.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46770391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flame impingement affects survival and development of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) on securely wrapped remains","authors":"V. A. Pacheco, S. Vanlaerhoven","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2022.2027600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2027600","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wrapping and burning are techniques to hide or destroy evidence on human remains. Both may influence the ability for forensically important arthropods, such as blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae), to colonize and develop to adulthood on remains. The combined effects of wrapping and burning a body on blow flies has not been examined in the literature, therefore this was examined using two experiments: (1) measuring the potential delays in oviposition due to wrapped remains and (2) the survival of blow fly larvae on wrapped bodies exposed to flame impingement. First, three domestic pig carcasses were wrapped in 100% polyester blankets and sealed at the end with duct tape, while three remained un-wrapped. After three days of exposure to natural colonization, blow flies delayed oviposition by at least 21 h on the wrapped remains. Second, six pig carcasses were colonized with 250 first instar Lucilia sericata (Meigen). Three of these carcasses were wrapped as described in the first experiment. Larvae were allowed three days of feeding and development, then the pigs were transferred to a rural, two-storey farmhouse, which was set ablaze. The local fire department suppressed the fire and removed the pigs. Compared to un-wrapped carcasses, wrapping increased survival of live larvae and recoverability of live and dead larvae. The blanket acted as an extra layer of protection, increasing maggot survival, however, live insect evidence collected and reared post-burn provided a less accurate minimum post-mortem interval estimate than maggots killed by the fire. RÉSUMÉ L’emballage et le feu sont des techniques pour cacher ou détruire des preuves qui peuvent se trouver sur un cadavre humain. Ces deux peuvent influencer la capacité d’arthropodes d’importance médico-légale, tels que les mouches à viande (Diptera : Calliphoridae), à coloniser et à développer jusqu’au stade adulte sur des cadavres. Les effets combinés de l’enveloppement et de la combustion d’un corps sur les mouches à viande n’ont pas encore été examinés dans la littérature, c’est pour cela que nous les avons examinés à l’aide de deux études : (1) mesurer les retards potentiels de ponte dus aux cadavres enveloppés et (2) la survie des larves de mouches à viande sur des corps enveloppés exposés à l’impact des flammes. Premièrement, trois carcasses de porcs domestiques ont été enveloppées dans des couvertures 100 % polyester et scellées à la fin avec du ruban adhésif en toile, tandis que trois sont restées non emballées. Après trois jours d’exposition à la colonisation naturelle, la ponte d’œufs de les mouches à viande a été retardé d’au moins 21 h sur les cadavres enveloppés. Deuxièmement, six carcasses de porcs ont été colonisées avec 250 Lucilia sericata (Meigen) de premier stade. Trois de ces carcasses ont été emballées comme décrit dans la première étude. Les larves ont eu trois jours pour se nourrir et développer, puis les porcs ont été transférés dans une ferme rurale de deux étages, ","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42304854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}