Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal最新文献

{"title":"Misdiagnosis of a primary vaginal stone leading to a suspicion of sexual assault in a heavily disabled woman","authors":"A. Kerschen, S. Aydin, E. Marbaix, V. Gérin, Vincent Haufroid, M. Daudon, J. Vanhaebost","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2022.2051326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2051326","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A 26-year-old heavily disabled woman was admitted through the emergency department after presenting signs of respiratory distress. A pear-shaped object present in the vagina was discovered unexpectedly on a full-body CT-scan. Sexual assault was suspected and the case was subsequently reported to the authorities. The office of the forensic medical examiner was notified to further investigate the case. The vaginal object of unknown origin was sent to the pathology department, where it was identified as being a primary vaginal stone and the hypothesis of a sexual assault could be excluded. The aim of this case report is to raise awareness amongst clinicians and forensic medical examiners about the existence of vaginal stones, especially in female patients suffering from disabilities, incontinence and recurrent infections of the pelvic area. The presence of a foreign body can be suspicious of sexual assault in certain settings, but physicians as well as medical examiners need to be careful while interpreting lesions in order to protect patients from unnecessary investigations that can be traumatic such as sexual assault kits.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"206 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47544102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating colonization time of maggots infesting wounds in dogs: three case studies","authors":"W. Bandara, W. Karunaratne, R. Fuward, A. Dangolla, A. Yasakeerthi","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2022.2043521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2043521","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Forensic entomology is a key means of solving crimes related to both humans and animals by estimating the minimum postmortem interval (mPMI) or minimum time of colonization (mTOC). In Sri Lanka, this is the first attempt to estimate mTOC of the myiasis-causing fly Chrysomya bezziana (Villeneuve) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in animal wounds using accumulated degree days (ADD). This study focuses on three dog myiasis cases reported to two veterinary clinics in Peradeniya, 2015. The mTOC is calculated for all three dog cases at temperature 38.8 °C which is the normal body rectal temperature of the dog. Based on the results, all infestations were due to a single fly species, C. bezziana and the ADD calculations suggest female C. bezziana flies have laid the eggs six days prior to the removal of C. bezziana larvae from the wounds. The present study highlights the importance and application of insect evidence to solve crime cases related to myiasis. Résumé L’entomologie médico-légale est un moyen clé de résoudre les crimes liés à la fois aux humains et aux animaux en estimant l’intervalle post-mortem minimum (mPMI) ou le temps minimum de colonisation (mTOC). Au Sri Lanka, il s’agit de la première tentative d’estimation du mTOC de la mouche responsable de la myiase Chrysomya bezziana (Villeneuve) (Diptera : Calliphoridae) dans les blessures d’animaux en utilisant la méthode d’accumulation des degrés-jour (méthode ADD). Cette étude se concentre sur trois cas de myiase canine signalés à deux cliniques vétérinaires à Peradeniya, 2015. Le mTOC est calculé pour les trois cas canins à une température de 38,8 °C, qui est la température rectale corporelle normale du chien. D’après les résultats, toutes les infestations étaient dues à une seule espèce de mouche, C. bezziana et les calculs de l’ADD suggèrent que les mouches femelles C. bezziana ont pondu les œufs six jours avant le retrait des larves de C. bezziana des plaies. La présente étude met en évidence l’importance et l’application des preuves d’insectes pour résoudre les cas de crime liés à la myiase.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"171 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46770391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flame impingement affects survival and development of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) on securely wrapped remains","authors":"V. A. Pacheco, S. Vanlaerhoven","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2022.2027600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2027600","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wrapping and burning are techniques to hide or destroy evidence on human remains. Both may influence the ability for forensically important arthropods, such as blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae), to colonize and develop to adulthood on remains. The combined effects of wrapping and burning a body on blow flies has not been examined in the literature, therefore this was examined using two experiments: (1) measuring the potential delays in oviposition due to wrapped remains and (2) the survival of blow fly larvae on wrapped bodies exposed to flame impingement. First, three domestic pig carcasses were wrapped in 100% polyester blankets and sealed at the end with duct tape, while three remained un-wrapped. After three days of exposure to natural colonization, blow flies delayed oviposition by at least 21 h on the wrapped remains. Second, six pig carcasses were colonized with 250 first instar Lucilia sericata (Meigen). Three of these carcasses were wrapped as described in the first experiment. Larvae were allowed three days of feeding and development, then the pigs were transferred to a rural, two-storey farmhouse, which was set ablaze. The local fire department suppressed the fire and removed the pigs. Compared to un-wrapped carcasses, wrapping increased survival of live larvae and recoverability of live and dead larvae. The blanket acted as an extra layer of protection, increasing maggot survival, however, live insect evidence collected and reared post-burn provided a less accurate minimum post-mortem interval estimate than maggots killed by the fire. RÉSUMÉ L’emballage et le feu sont des techniques pour cacher ou détruire des preuves qui peuvent se trouver sur un cadavre humain. Ces deux peuvent influencer la capacité d’arthropodes d’importance médico-légale, tels que les mouches à viande (Diptera : Calliphoridae), à coloniser et à développer jusqu’au stade adulte sur des cadavres. Les effets combinés de l’enveloppement et de la combustion d’un corps sur les mouches à viande n’ont pas encore été examinés dans la littérature, c’est pour cela que nous les avons examinés à l’aide de deux études : (1) mesurer les retards potentiels de ponte dus aux cadavres enveloppés et (2) la survie des larves de mouches à viande sur des corps enveloppés exposés à l’impact des flammes. Premièrement, trois carcasses de porcs domestiques ont été enveloppées dans des couvertures 100 % polyester et scellées à la fin avec du ruban adhésif en toile, tandis que trois sont restées non emballées. Après trois jours d’exposition à la colonisation naturelle, la ponte d’œufs de les mouches à viande a été retardé d’au moins 21 h sur les cadavres enveloppés. Deuxièmement, six carcasses de porcs ont été colonisées avec 250 Lucilia sericata (Meigen) de premier stade. Trois de ces carcasses ont été emballées comme décrit dans la première étude. Les larves ont eu trois jours pour se nourrir et développer, puis les porcs ont été transférés dans une ferme rurale de deux étages, ","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"100 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42304854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex estimation from the percutaneous lengths of the femur and the ulna in a Ghanaian population using discriminant function analysis","authors":"Moses Banyeh, S. Bani, Rahul Pathak, Dennis Dogara Yakubu, Emmanuel Amankwaah, Lukeman Ahmed","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2022.2028358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2028358","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sex estimation models form a vital part in Forensic human identification but they are usually population-specific. This study aimed to develop and test sex estimation models for a Ghanaian population using percutaneous lengths of the femur (FL) and ulna (UL). The study was cross-sectional from June to July 2020, involving 99 adults (male: 52, females: 47), aged between 19 and 31 years. The lengths of the femur and ulna were measured using standard anthropometric techniques. All measurements were taken twice from the left side and then averaged. The sample was randomly divided into training (n = 60) and holdout (n = 39) samples before been analysed using discriminant function analysis (DFA). Cross-population studies were performed to test the reliability of the models. Males had longer femur and ulna than females (p < 0.001). Sex estimation accuracies from all the models ranged from 68.2% to 81.8% for males and 52.9% to 86.7% for females. The standardized mean difference (SMD: Cohen’s d) by sample type ranged from −0.19 to 3.08 (living samples), 0.19 to 4.73 (cadaveric samples) and 0.30 to 5.46 (skeletal samples). The SMD by population type were: Africa, excluding Mixed or White ethnicities (d= −0.02 to 3.08), Asia (d = 0.83 to 4.85) and Europe or the Americas (d = 0.30 to 3.38). When other population-specific models were tested on the holdout sample, the difference in the average sex estimation accuracy ranged from 0 to 25.6%. Sex estimation models from the lengths of the femur and ulna are specific to a the studied population and the type of sample used.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"142 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43626503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total allele count distribution (TAC curves) improves number of contributor estimation for complex DNA mixtures","authors":"Josée Noël, S. Noël, F. Mailly, Dominic Granger, J. Lefebvre, E. Milot, Diane Séguin","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2022.2028359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2028359","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As the forensic community is transitioning to probabilistic genotyping and the use of likelihood ratios to assign probative weight to DNA mixtures, the assessment of the number of contributors (NOC) needs to be more robust for mixture interpretation. However, NOC assessment can be challenging for low-template and/or high order mixtures. Here, we present a quick and easy-to-use tool to help with NOC estimation: total allele count curves (TAC curves). TAC curves for two to seven contributors were generated using sets of 20,000 in silico mixtures, for five populations (African American, Caucasian, Asian, Apache and Native Alaska) and for commonly used commercial STR kits (GlobalFilerTM, PowerPlex® Fusion, PowerPlex® ESX 17 and IdentifilerTM). To assess the performance of TAC curves, the NOC was evaluated for 80 mixtures, with and without use of the curves. Results show that TAC curves allow for a better NOC assessment as correct evaluations rose from 10% when using maximal allele count (MAC) to 65% when also using TAC for four to six contributor mixtures. Supplemental data for this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2028359 .","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"156 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42726130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the performance of erasable marker pen ink for the development of indentations on documents upon surface charging by electrostatic detection device","authors":"Nabeesathul Sumayya Mohamed Sadiq, Izliana Izyanti Abdullah, Siti Nur Musliha Mohamad Noor, K. Wong, K. Chang, A. F. L. Abdullah","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2021.2016160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2021.2016160","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Indented impressions can be left on the surface beneath a document when it is written on. In the absence of this document, electrostatic detection devices can be used to reveal the underneath previously written information. However, there are instances where the toner used to develop these indentations has to be substituted with alternative application, under unexpected circumstances, such as the supply chain disruption during the ongoing global pandemic. This study aimed to verify the use of erasable marker pen ink as an alternative application for the development of indentations. The procedure was optimized and evaluated, and its performance in deciphering indented impressions from 11 different underlying surfaces was compared to a conventional electrostatic detection device that applied toner to develop indentation. Electrostatic device with toner application using cascade developer method has successfully developed indented impressions from all surfaces, except for the coated glossy paper. In contrast, the application of erasable marker pens revealed indentation successfully from not only the coated glossy paper but also six other common writing surfaces. While the toner is a reliable application for deciphering indentations, the application of erasable marker ink pen can be used in the event when toners are unavailable but also on surfaces such as glossy paper, where application of toners to develop indentation may not provide satisfactory results. Résumé: Des impressions latentes peuvent être laissées sur la surface sous-jacente à un document lorsqu’on écrit sur ce dernier. En l’absence de ce document, des appareils à détection électrostatique peuvent être utilisés pour révéler les informations précédemment écrites. Cependant, il existe des cas où le toner utilisé pour le développement de ces impressions doit être remplacé par une autre application, lors de circonstances inattendues, telles que la perturbation de la chaîne d’approvisionnement pendant la pandémie mondiale présentement en cours. Cette étude visait à vérifier l’utilisation de l’encre de crayon marqueur effaçable comme application alternative pour la détection des impressions latentes. La procédure a été optimisée et évaluée, et ses performances pour la détection d’impressions latentes sur 11 types de surfaces sous-jacentes différentes ont été comparées à un appareil à détection électrostatique conventionnel qui appliquait du toner pour développer les impressions. L’appareil à détection électrostatique avec application de toner par la méthode du révélateur en cascade a révélé avec succès des impressions latentes sur toutes les surfaces, à l’exception du papier glacé couché. En revanche, l’application de crayons marqueurs effaçables a révélé avec succès des impressions latentes non seulement sur le papier glacé couché, mais également sur six autres surfaces usuelles d’écriture. Bien que le toner soit une application fiable pour déchiffrer les impressions, l’application ","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"57 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48202778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ABSTRACTS FROM THE 2021 CSFS VIRTUAL CONFERENCE “Forensic Science: A World of Opportunities” (June 21 to 24, 2021)","authors":"Résumés DE LA Conférence, Virtuelle DE LA Scsj","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2022.2033939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2033939","url":null,"abstract":"S FROM THE 2021 CSFS VIRTUAL CONFERENCE “Forensic Science: A World of Opportunities” (June 21 to 24, 2021) RÉSUMÉS DE LA CONFÉRENCE VIRTUELLE DE LA SCSJ 2021 « Sciences judiciaires : Un monde d’opportunités » (21 au 24 juin 2021) KEYNOTE SPEAKER/CONFÉRENCIÈRE D’HONNEUR Bodies of knowledge: The importance of human decomposition facilities/Les corps de la connaissance : L’importance des sites de recherches sur la décomposition humaine","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"1 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43025548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multiple predictive tool approach for phenotypic and biogeographical ancestry inferences","authors":"C. Frégeau","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2021.2016206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2021.2016206","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Phenotypic and biogeographical ancestry predictions for 128 Canadians with various self-reported ancestries, generated using the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep kit/Primer Mix B and VEROGEN’s Universal Analysis Software (UAS) v1.3, were compared to predictions derived from the ERASMUS v2.0, Snipper Application v2.5, Forensic Reference/Resource on Genetics knowledge base [FROG-kb] ©2019 and STRUCTURE v2.3.4, web tools. Performance metrics were calculated for all tools tested. The UAS v1.3 eye color predictions were determined to be accurate (91.8% for brown, 82.4% for blue) with no need to complement results with any other predictive tools. For hair color predictions, the UAS v1.3 was accurate for black (93.5%), for red (80.0%) but limited for brown (50.0%) and for blond (31.3%) using the Highest Probability Approach. The ERASMUS web tool could complement the UAS results using a revised Prediction Guide Approach. Non-admixed individuals with ancestries from Africa, East Asia or Europe were predicted with 79.7% accuracy using the UAS v1.3. Admixed individuals and those with ancestries from India, the Middle East and South America were better classified using Snipper, FROG-kb and STRUCTURE. Complementing UAS v1.3 predictions with those obtained from open access web tools thus represents a way to maximize information derivable from unknown samples.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"71 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48774567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using momentum to determine serious bodily injury: an experimental study using pig eyes","authors":"Priscilla Burns, Kimberly Nugent, Franco Gaspari, Liam Hendrikse","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2021.2016205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2021.2016205","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract According to section 2 of the Criminal Code, a firearm is a barrelled weapon that can discharge a projectile capable of causing serious bodily injury or death to a person. Although not defined in the Criminal Code, serious bodily injury has been accepted in Canadian courts as the “penetration or rupture of an eye”. Classifying air guns may be difficult as they are usually not categorized as a firearm, but some are capable of meeting the criteria of a firearm. In previous studies, velocity and/or energy density were used to define a parameter V50, and a minimum energy density range where penetration may occur. This research project sought to evaluate the momentum of the projectile as a new parameter to determine if an air gun is capable of causing serious bodily injury. Three air guns, with five projectile types, were fired 10 times each into pig eyes. Results indicated that a minimum momentum value may be applied to each projectile of a different shape, regardless of the projectile’s mass. Minimum momentum values ranging from 0.026 kg*m/s (pointed) to 0.039 kg m/s (flat nose) were observed. It is hypothesised that impulse, which considers the cross-sectional area of projectiles, would be a universal parameter and more research should be done to test this.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"46 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46535373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First lessons regarding the data analysis of gunshot residue traces at activity level in TTADB","authors":"Karelle Séguin, Mylène Falardeau, V. Mousseau, Nadia Ducharme, L. Cadola, F. Crispino","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2021.2007666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2021.2007666","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gunshot residues (GSR) are of interest whenever a crime involves the discharge of a firearm. They do not only inform about their source, but also about the suspect’s implication. In order to assess the existing knowledge on GSR in the literature and contribute to the creation of a structured database on transfer traces at the activity level, studies focusing on transfer, persistence, background, population and detection of GSR in various scenarios and on different supports were analyzed, with a critical assessment in a Canadian context. This research establishes a review of the current knowledge identifies gaps in the literature and therefore suggests future research to be undertaken.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":"196 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42891087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}