Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (Depling, SyntaxFest 2019)最新文献

{"title":"Noun Phrases Rooted by Adjectives: A Dependency Grammar Analysis of the Big Mess Construction","authors":"Timothy Osborne","doi":"10.18653/v1/w19-7707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-7707","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443459,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (Depling, SyntaxFest 2019)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115878098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SyntaxFest 2019 Invited talk - Inductive biases and language emergence in communicative agents","authors":"Emmanuel Dupoux","doi":"10.18653/v1/W19-7701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/W19-7701","url":null,"abstract":"Despite spectacular progress in language modeling tasks, neural networks still fall short of the performance of human infants when it comes to learning a language from scarce and noisy data. Such performance presumably stems from human-specific inductive biases in the neural networks sustaining language acquisitions in the child. Here, we use two paradigms to study experimentally such inductive biases in artificial neural networks. The first one relies on iterative learning, where a sequence of agents learn from each other, simulating historical linguistic transmission. We find evidence that sequence to sequence neural models have some of the human inductive biases (like the preference for local dependencies), but lack others (like the preference for nonredundant markers of argument structure). The second paradigm relies on language emergence, where two agents engage in a communicative game. Here we find that sequence to sequence networks lack the preference for efficient communication found in humans, and in fact display an anti-Zipfian law of abbreviation. We conclude that the study of the inductive biases of neural networks is an important topic to improve the data efficiency of current systems.","PeriodicalId":443459,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (Depling, SyntaxFest 2019)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126914791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflexives in Czech from a Dependency Perspective","authors":"Václava Kettnerová, Markéta Lopatková","doi":"10.18653/v1/W19-7704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/W19-7704","url":null,"abstract":"Reflexives are the source of ambiguity in many languages, including Czech. In this paper, we address Czech reflexives and their description in the dependency-oriented theory, Functional Generative Description. Our primary focus in this paper lies in the reflexives that form analogous syntactic structures as personal pronouns (e.g., Jan si / jí nevěří. ‘John does not believe in himself / in her.’). In Czech (similarly as in other Slavic languages), these reflexives encode reflexivity or reciprocity, two closely related phenomena. We offer an in-depth analysis of both these phenomena and propose their description in lexicon and in grammar. Further, we clarify principles underlying ambiguity of reflexive and reciprocal constructions.","PeriodicalId":443459,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (Depling, SyntaxFest 2019)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121916934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presenting TWITTIRÒ-UD: An Italian Twitter Treebank in Universal Dependencies","authors":"A. T. Cignarella, C. Bosco, Paolo Rosso","doi":"10.18653/v1/W19-7723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/W19-7723","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we describe the early stage application of the Universal Dependencies to an Italian corpus from social media developed for shared tasks related to irony and stance detection. The development of this novel resource (TWITTIRÒ-UD) serves a twofold goal: it enriches the scenario of treebanks for social media and for Italian, and it paves the way for a more reliable extraction of a larger variety of morphological and syntactic features to be used by sentiment analysis tools. On the one hand, social media texts are especially hard to parse and the limited amount of resources for training and testing NLP tools further damages the situation. On the other hand, we thought that adding the Universal Dependencies format to the fine-grained annotation for irony, that was previously applied on TWITTIRÒ, might meaningfully help in the investigation of possible relationships between syntax and semantics of the uses of figurative language, irony in particular.","PeriodicalId":443459,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (Depling, SyntaxFest 2019)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121752462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Grammar Rules for Language Education with Dependency Parsing in German","authors":"Eleni (Lena) Metheniti, P. Park, K. Kolesova, G. Neumann","doi":"10.18653/v1/W19-7712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/W19-7712","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a method of determining the syntactic difficulty of a sentence, using syntactic patterns that identify grammatical rules on dependency parses. We have constructed a novel query language based on constraint-based dependency grammars and a grammar of German rules (relevant to primary school education) with patterns in our language. We annotated these rules with a difficulty score and grammatical prerequisites and built a matching algorithm that matches the dependency parse of a sentence in CoNLL-U format with its relevant syntactic patterns. We achieved 96% precision and 95% recall on a manually annotated set of sentences, and our best results on using parses from four parsers are 88% and 84% respectively.","PeriodicalId":443459,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (Depling, SyntaxFest 2019)","volume":"583 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113997445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining MDD and MHD as Syntactic Complexity Measures with Intermediate Japanese Learner Corpus Data","authors":"Saeko Komori, Masatoshi Sugiura, Wenping Li","doi":"10.18653/v1/W19-7715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/W19-7715","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to examine methods of measuring syntactic complexity by analyzing an original corpus of written Japanese data from native speakers and learners of Japanese. We compared two measures, mean dependency distance (MDD) and mean hierarchical distance (MHD), which have been examined using in English in previous studies. Our research question is to compare the two methods and evaluate them in order to develop an index for measuring Japanese learner's syntactic complexity.","PeriodicalId":443459,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (Depling, SyntaxFest 2019)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115072115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicate Catenae: A Dependency Grammar Analysis of It-Clefts","authors":"Timothy Osborne","doi":"10.18653/v1/W19-7706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/W19-7706","url":null,"abstract":"This manuscript proposes a syntactic analysis of it-cleft sentences in English in dependency syntax. The connectivity effects of it-clefts are addressed in terms of the catena unit. A central claim is that despite the presence of two finite clauses, the matrix predicate of it-clefts, which is a catena, reaches into the embedded clause to include the primary predicate residing there. This means that despite the presence of two finite verbs, it-clefts are in fact mono-clausal in a central way. Given this essentially mono-clausal status of it-clefts, the widely discussed connectivity effects that appear in them are not surprising.","PeriodicalId":443459,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (Depling, SyntaxFest 2019)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116051422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coordination of Unlike Grammatical Functions","authors":"Agnieszka Patejuk, A. Przepiórkowski","doi":"10.18653/v1/W19-7705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/W19-7705","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to propose a dependency analysis of coordination of unlike grammatical functions, as witnessed in Slavic and some neighbouring languages (including Romanian, Hungarian and West Armenian). In order to increase the practical impact of the analysis, the proposed representations adhere to Universal Dependencies, a syntactic corpus annotation scheme, though arguments are given for validity of such representations from the theoretical linguistic perspective.","PeriodicalId":443459,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (Depling, SyntaxFest 2019)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121893112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cliticization of Serbian Personal Pronouns and Auxiliary Verbs. A Dependency-Based Account","authors":"Jasmina Milicevic","doi":"10.18653/v1/W19-7708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/W19-7708","url":null,"abstract":"The paper looks into cliticization of Serbian personal pronouns and auxiliary verbs. Cliticization is the operation whereby, in the process of clause construction, a clitic (= unstressed) form of a pronominal/verbal lexeme is chosen, rather than a full (= stressed) form. Cliticization of both pronouns and auxiliaries is obligatory under neutral communicative conditions (i.e., in the absence of contrast or emphasis) and unless specific syntactic/prosodic factors impose the choice of a full form. Under marked communicative conditions, cliticization is precluded. Corresponding rules are proposed within a Meaning-Text dependency framework. 1 Overview of the Problem Personal pronouns and auxiliary verbs in Serbian (and all other languages stemming from former Serbo-Croatian) have both full (= stressed, tonic) and clitic (= unstressed) forms, the latter being so-called second-position clitics (Halpern & Zwicky, eds, 1996). In any sentence featuring pronouns and/or auxiliaries, the choice between full and clitic forms is obligatory, which means that the opposition “tonic ~ clitic” is inflectional in nature. The operation whereby the inflectional value (= a grammeme) CLITIC is assigned to a lexical item, in the course of clause synthesis, is called cliticization. Roughly speaking, cliticization of both personal pronouns and auxiliary verbs is obligatory under neutral communicative conditions (i.e., in the absence of contrast or emphasis) and unless specific syntactic/prosodic factors impose the choice of a full form. Under marked communicative conditions, cliticization is precluded. It is precisely these conditions that the paper intends to specify. Here are some preliminary examples of the use of clitic vs. full pronominal and verbal forms; as most examples in the paper, these are taken from the Serbian corpus (Korpus savremenog srpskog jezika: www.korpus.matf.bg.ac.rs). (1) a. Možda me je Mira podsticala na brbljivost. Gledala me je netremice ... lit. ‘Maybe me is Mira having.incited on volubililty. [She] having.looked me is intently...’ ‘Maybe Mira was inciting my volubility. She was looking at me intently...’ b. No, bilo kako bilo, prepoznao ga jeste. lit. ‘But, be it as it may, having.recognised him [he] is.’ ‘But, be it as it may, he did recognize him.’ c. Ali nije gledala njega, gledala je mene. lit. ‘But [she] is.not having.looked him, having.looked [she] is me.’ ‘But she wasn’t looking at him, she was looking at me.’ Example (1a) illustrates a communicatively unmarked context, where clitic forms are used by default and the corresponding full forms would be inappropriate; we see here instances of the accusative 1p pronominal clitic, me ‘me’, and the 3sg past tense auxiliary clitic, je ‘is’. In sentence (1b), a full form of the past tense auxiliary is used contrastively—to insist that the fact of recognizing did take place; note also a marked word order, with the auxiliary clausefinal. The corresponding clitic auxiliary is possible here if the con","PeriodicalId":443459,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (Depling, SyntaxFest 2019)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129396218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiments on human incremental parsing","authors":"L. Mityushin, L. Iomdin","doi":"10.18653/v1/W19-7725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/W19-7725","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments have been conducted in which the subjects incrementally constructed dependency trees of Russian sentences. The subject was successively presented with growing initial segments of a sentence, and had to draw syntactic links between the last word of the segment and the previous words. The subject was also shown a limited right context – a fixed number of words following the last word of the segment. The results of the experiments show that the right context of 1 or 2 words is sufficient for confident incremental parsing of Russian narrative sentences.","PeriodicalId":443459,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (Depling, SyntaxFest 2019)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122562210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}