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The Ghadar Movement in Thailand, 1914–1917: Overseas Indian ‘Rebels’ and Their Multinational Asian Assistants 1914-1917 年泰国的 Ghadar 运动：海外印度 "叛军 "及其多国亚洲助手
MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1163/26659077-26010017
Pimmanus Wibulsilp
{"title":"The Ghadar Movement in Thailand, 1914–1917: Overseas Indian ‘Rebels’ and Their Multinational Asian Assistants","authors":"Pimmanus Wibulsilp","doi":"10.1163/26659077-26010017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26659077-26010017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The Ghadar Movement was an effort by a group of overseas Indians from diverse diasporas around the Indo-Pacific region to set up an armed revolution to free India from the grip of British colonialism. This work mainly argues that Thailand was not merely functioning as a passage of the Ghadarites from abroad to return to India through its borders, but instead that different parts of the country were harboring their various clandestine and seditious missions. These activities were not only carried out by the overseas Indians travelling from abroad, but also by many “local Indians” in Thailand who turned themselves into active underground revolutionaries. By analyzing several cases of multinational Asian “allies” of the Ghadarites in Thailand, this study furthers the discussion initiated by previous scholars on the possible links between the Ghadar Movement and the tide of “Pan-Asianism” flourishing in different parts of Asia during the early twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":443443,"journal":{"name":"MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities","volume":"110 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140770737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Anarchy” against “Order”: French Elite Perception of the Conflict in Manchuria "无政府 "对抗 "秩序"：法国精英对满洲冲突的看法
MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1163/26659077-26010016
Alexandre Barthel
{"title":"“Anarchy” against “Order”: French Elite Perception of the Conflict in Manchuria","authors":"Alexandre Barthel","doi":"10.1163/26659077-26010016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26659077-26010016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The fall of the French empire in Asia is directly linked to the Second World War and France’s policy of appeasement that preceded it. The issue of France’s attitude to the invasion of Manchuria is important for understanding what French policy in East Asia was during the 1930s. For these reasons, this article intends to show the attitude of French political leaders and how, unable as they were to condemn the aggressor, Japan, it led to the policy of appeasement pursued by all French governments with regard to Japan during the rest of the decade. To do so, this article is based on the published diplomatic archives of the United States and the articles published by the newspaper Le Temps, the unofficial organ of the Third Republic.","PeriodicalId":443443,"journal":{"name":"MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities","volume":"527 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140757444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Military Study Abroad as Thailand’s Foreign Policy Between the 1930s–1940s 20 世纪 30 年代至 40 年代泰国的外交政策--军事留学
MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1163/26659077-26010018
Thep Boontanondha
{"title":"Military Study Abroad as Thailand’s Foreign Policy Between the 1930s–1940s","authors":"Thep Boontanondha","doi":"10.1163/26659077-26010018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26659077-26010018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The need to modernize the armed forces motivated the Thai government to send a large number of soldiers to Europe to learn military during the absolute monarchy. Sending soldiers to study abroad, on the other hand, had become a part of national diplomacy seeking to balance power between the powerhouse states. After the Revolution of 1932, the new government likewise made an effort to preserve its stability by dismissing many royalist soldiers. As a result, it demanded many sophisticated soldiers, who relied on the new government. Hence, many soldiers had dispatched to observe and study military tactics abroad. On the one hand, the anti-imperialist policy forced the Thai government to favore the Japanese Empire and to rely on its support; many Thai cadets and soldiers were sent to study in Japan. On the other hand, the Japanese diplomacy, Pan-Asianism, made it very evident that Japan demanded to expand its influence over Asia, including Thailand. So, the Thai government seeking to achive a balance of power among the influences of strong countries decided to send numerous soldiers, including the sons of Phibunsongkhram, to study military tactics in Europe and the United States. This pursuit of a balance of power received a positive response from European nations and the US, who were also concerned about Japan’s influence over their colonies in Asia. Unfortunately, the outbreak of the Second World War shattered Thailand’s hopes of attaining a balance of power among the powerful countries.","PeriodicalId":443443,"journal":{"name":"MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities","volume":"46 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140765667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Revisiting Pan-Asianism in the Decolonization of the Indo-Pacific: Inspiration, Order, and Democratization 重新审视印度洋-太平洋地区非殖民化进程中的泛亚主义：灵感、秩序与民主化
MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1163/26659077-26010014
Wasana Wongsurawat
{"title":"Revisiting Pan-Asianism in the Decolonization of the Indo-Pacific: Inspiration, Order, and Democratization","authors":"Wasana Wongsurawat","doi":"10.1163/26659077-26010014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26659077-26010014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443443,"journal":{"name":"MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140760397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Japan for Example – National Character as the Driving Force of National Progress in Thai Conservative Writings about Japan 以日本为例--泰国保守派关于日本的著作中作为民族进步动力的民族性格
MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1163/26659077-26010021
David M. Malitz
{"title":"Japan for Example – National Character as the Driving Force of National Progress in Thai Conservative Writings about Japan","authors":"David M. Malitz","doi":"10.1163/26659077-26010021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26659077-26010021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Japan has been considered a role-model for the successful pursuit of ‘progress’ or national development in Siam/Thailand since the late 19th century. As this article shows, the Japanese exemplar played a significant role in Siamese/Thai political discourse, with three of the kingdom’s most important conservative thinkers – King Vajiravudh, Luang Wichit Wathakan, and Mom Ratchawong Kukrit Pramoj – writing in detail about Japanese history and interpreting Japanese battlefield and economic successes as the outcome of the national character of the Japanese. In contrast, the role of political institutions and institutional change in shaping human decisions and actions has been largely ignored by them. The message of these works is that to pursue national ‘progress’, the Siamese/Thai need to be more like the stereotypical Japanese, and become more disciplined, and patriotic, as well as cooperating for the national good rather than pursuing particular interests.","PeriodicalId":443443,"journal":{"name":"MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140771148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Asia for Asians”: Revisiting Pan-Asianism through the Propaganda Arts of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere "亚洲人的亚洲"：通过大东亚共荣圈的宣传艺术重新审视泛亚洲主义
MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1163/26659077-26010015
Andre Magpantay
{"title":"“Asia for Asians”: Revisiting Pan-Asianism through the Propaganda Arts of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere","authors":"Andre Magpantay","doi":"10.1163/26659077-26010015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26659077-26010015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The slogan “Asia for Asians” has been a central concept of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere and propagated by Japan as it imperialized parts of East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Oceania. Without bias to the resulting historical developments and realities, Pan-Asianism is revisited through the propaganda arts and materials proliferated by the Empire of Japan towards its agenda of a unified Asia. Aided by knowledge of art history and criticism, six specifically chosen propaganda arts are analyzed using theories of image analysis drawing from the works of Guillermo (2001), Bartmański, Alexander, and Giesen (2012), and Ross (2002). Three main themes are analyzed: the image of the sphere, the collective identity of the countries in the sphere under Japan, and the meaning of co-prosperity. The themes provide an insight into the development of Pan-Asianism as propagated by the Japanese Empire in its attempt towards Pan-Asianism through the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.","PeriodicalId":443443,"journal":{"name":"MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities","volume":"597 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140780007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prince Wan Waithayakon’s Attempt for Rapprochement with the People’s Republic of China at the 1955 Asian-African Conference at Bandung 1955 年万隆亚非会议上万维塔亚孔亲王与中华人民共和国和解的尝试
MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1163/26659077-26010019
Wiraj Sripong
{"title":"Prince Wan Waithayakon’s Attempt for Rapprochement with the People’s Republic of China at the 1955 Asian-African Conference at Bandung","authors":"Wiraj Sripong","doi":"10.1163/26659077-26010019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26659077-26010019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000After the end of the Second World War, newly emerging nations were being divided up geopolitically into ideological camps – the so-called “Free World” led by the United States and the ‘Communist Bloc’ under the leadership of the Soviet Union. At the same time, there was rising demands for self-determination by national leaders who did not wish to commit exclusively to either ideological camp, as they perceived this to be a form of neo-imperialism. A leading group within this third way of thinking was the Colombo Group. In the midst of this intense three-way struggle, post-war Thailand under the leadership of Premier Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram was heavily influenced by the US in the earliest stages of the Cold War. In the attempt to renegotiate and re-balance Thailand’s position in the heightened political tension of the region, the premier sent the then Minister of Foreign Affairs, Prince Wan Waithayakon, to represent Thailand at the Asia-Africa Conference – initiated through the cooperation of the Colombo Group earlier in May 1954 – in April 1955. At this conference Prince Wan exercised independent diplomacy by meeting and negotiating with the Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai in an attempt to re-balance Thailand’s relations with world powers in both the Free World and the Communist Bloc. This meeting would have significant ramifications for Thailand’s diplomacy throughout the Cold War and has impacted the kingdom’s relations with the People’s Republic of China up to the present day.","PeriodicalId":443443,"journal":{"name":"MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140770674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Liberating Thai History: The Thai Past in an Asian Century 解放泰国历史：亚洲世纪中的泰国历史
MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1163/26659077-26010020
A. Subrahmanyan
{"title":"Liberating Thai History: The Thai Past in an Asian Century","authors":"A. Subrahmanyan","doi":"10.1163/26659077-26010020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26659077-26010020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The nationalist plot of modern Thai history stresses the kingdom’s exceptionalism as the only un-colonized state in Southeast Asia and highlights the steadiness of unbroken monarchy. Critics of the established narrative by contrast argue that Siam/Thailand bore many similarities to neighboring satellites of the Western powers that subordinated traditional authority and hence was a “semi-colony” of the West rather than a truly independent state. This paper argues that the semi-colonial view remains a better frame to study modern Thai history and that semi-coloniality produced a hybrid political culture among an educated new generation born around 1900. The young generation forged the popular struggles that after the 1932 end of the absolute monarchy sought to build a more fair and equitable society. These aspirations and the hybrid political culture of the time are a crucial but often overlooked part of modern Thai history.","PeriodicalId":443443,"journal":{"name":"MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities","volume":"156 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140790267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tai Dam Diaspora Consciousness and Routes of Migration: An Analysis from Funeral Manuscripts 太坝的侨民意识和迁徙路线：从葬礼手稿分析
MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1163/26659077-26010010
Pichet Saiphan
{"title":"Tai Dam Diaspora Consciousness and Routes of Migration: An Analysis from Funeral Manuscripts","authors":"Pichet Saiphan","doi":"10.1163/26659077-26010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26659077-26010010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The objective of this study is to analyze Tai Dam funeral manuscripts called Kwam Bok Tang or Kwam Song Phi Khuen Mueang Fa. It is a comparative study conducted among Tai Dam or Lao Song in Thailand and Tai Dam in northwestern Vietnam. The texts reveal that Mueang Lo, Nghĩa Lộ in Vietnam, is the place of origin where the first community was established. It illustrates that the Khwan, the spirit or essence of life of the deceased, will be sent from the current settlement back along the route of migration to Mueang Lo before ascending to heaven to meet their ancestral spirits. Fittingly, this could be considered as Tai Dam diaspora consciousness of their ancestral homeland and the place of origin that records historical memory and historiography in forms of funeral manuscripts and rituals their funeral ceremony.","PeriodicalId":443443,"journal":{"name":"MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities","volume":"16 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Proto-Southwestern Tai to Modern Lanna Tai: Implications From the 16th-Century Phonology 从原西南傣语到现代兰纳傣语：16 世纪语音学的启示
MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1163/26659077-26010011
Shinnakrit Tangsiriwattanakul
{"title":"From Proto-Southwestern Tai to Modern Lanna Tai: Implications From the 16th-Century Phonology","authors":"Shinnakrit Tangsiriwattanakul","doi":"10.1163/26659077-26010011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26659077-26010011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study established the relative chronology of sound changes in the Lanna Tai language from Proto-Southwestern Tai to Modern Lanna Tai dialects. The 16th-Century Lanna Tai phonology, as documented in the Sino-Lanna Tai Manual of Translation, was compared to Proto-Southwestern Tai and Modern Lanna Tai dialects to differentiate pre-16th century and post-16th century changes. Based on this chronology, Lanna Tai can be divided into three stages: Old Lanna Tai featuring the loss of uvulars and changes in consonants; Early Modern Lanna Tai exhibiting tone split, loss of voicing contrast and vowel acquisitions; and Modern Lanna Tai dialects showing changes in consonants, acquisition of additional vowels and diphthong monophthongization in some dialects. The study focused on several sound changes, providing valuable insights into the evolution of the Lanna Tai language.","PeriodicalId":443443,"journal":{"name":"MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140419913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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