Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during regenerative succession in quarries.","authors":"A A Kryukov, A P Yurkov, A O Gorbunova, T R Kudriashova, A I Gorenkova, Y V Kosulnikov, Y V Laktionov","doi":"10.18699/vjgb-25-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-25-09","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a key role in the regenerative successions of plant communities after anthropogenic disturbances, particularly in quarries. AMF help plants with water and mineral nutrition, contributing to the restoration rate of vegetation cover. The research is aimed to study the biodiversity of AMF using molecular genetic methods at different stages of overgrowth of two quarries in the Leningrad region. Molecular genetic identification of fungi was carried out using Illumina MiSeq analysis of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions as barcodes for the identification of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with species-level identification. An adapted and error-checked AMF genetic sequence database from NCBI was used as a reference. The study applied an optimized nucleic acid isolation technique for sandy soils. The results showed maximum AMF biodiversity at the initial stages of overgrowth - pioneer and grass stages - with minimum diversity observed at the shrub stage, where it decreased by five times. At the forest stage, the biodiversity of AMF was almost restored to the level seen at the grass stage. It has been shown that the biodiversity and species composition of AMF can vary greatly between the stages of regenerative succession and probably depends primarily on the biodiversity of grasses, with which AMF most effectively enter into symbiotic relationships. The analysis showed a reliable negative correlation between the number of AMF species and the number of woody plant species. Such studies can aid in understanding how plant-fungal symbiosis develops in regenerative successions and which AMF most effectively contribute to vegetation cover restoration.</p>","PeriodicalId":44339,"journal":{"name":"Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii","volume":"29 1","pages":"72-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of toll-like receptor genes (TLR-2, TLR-3, TLR-4 and TLR-6) polymorphism in open-angle glaucoma patients.","authors":"A V Shevchenko, V F Prokofiev, V I Konenkov, V V Chernykh, A N Trunov","doi":"10.18699/vjgb-25-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-25-15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modern research shows that innate immunity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). An increase in the content of toll-like receptors (TLR) in the glaucomatous retina of the human eye was revealed. TLRs can modulate the immune response in glaucoma; provide early recognition of damaging agents, activation of signaling pathways and effector mechanisms of the nonspecific immune defense system aimed at restoring homeostasis. The TLR-encoding genes' polymorphism alters the amino acid structure of the receptors, which leads to changes in their immune functions: expression level, ligand-binding and coreceptor functions, transport and signal transmission. The aim was to analyze the association of the TLR2 (rs5743708), TLR3 (rs3775291), TLR4 (rs4986790, rs4986791) and TLR6 (rs5743810) polymorphisms with primary open-angle glaucoma in patients of Western Siberia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>99 patients (52 men and 47 women) with a diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma were examined. The comparison group consisted of 100 people (81 women and 19 men). TLR2 (rs5743708), TLR3 (rs3775291), TLR4 (rs4986790, rs4986791) and TLR6 (rs5743810) polymorphisms were analyzed by RT-PCR using test systems with Syber Green (Lytex, Russia). Statistical analysis was performed using the software package SPSS 23.0 and Arlequin 3.5.2.2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>the distribution of genotypes in the patient group and in the control group corresponded to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The genotype frequencies did not significantly differ between the two analyzed groups. The frequency of TLR2-753 ArgArg:TLR6-249 ProPro was increased in the group of patients with POAG. The linkage disequilibrium between two polymorphic positions of the TLR4 gene was revealed. In addition, the linkage disequilibrium between TLR2-TLR6 gene for the glaucoma group and the control group was revealed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>an increase in certain genotypes in the patient group relative to the control group may indirectly indicate the involvement of infectious factors in the initiation of POAG. However, despite the proven importance of the participation of their protein products in the pathogenesis of glaucoma, the relationship of TLR polymorphism requires additional research taking into account the ethnic characteristics of patients and intergenic interactions for a better understanding of the complex mechanisms of disease development. This will help carry out early diagnosis and develop the necessary therapeutic strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":44339,"journal":{"name":"Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii","volume":"29 1","pages":"128-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The lowest chromosome number in the family Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): the karyotype and other genetic features of Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani, 1875).","authors":"V E Gokhman, A S Ryabinin, R A Bykov, Yu Yu Ilinsky","doi":"10.18699/vjgb-25-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-25-12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various genetic features of the hitman strain of the widespread parasitoid of Drosophilidae (Diptera), Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani, 1875) (Pteromalidae, Pachyneurinae) were studied. This strain was established and is maintained at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk, Russia). An analysis of air-dried chromosome preparations from prepupae of this parasitoid showed that it has n = 4 and 2n = 8 in males and females, respectively, which is the lowest known chromosome number in the family Pteromalidae. All chromosomes in the karyotype of this species are metacentric. The first and second chromosomes are of similar size, the remaining ones are substantially shorter. The same results were obtained for an additional strain of this species kept at the Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia). A comparison of the DNA sequence of the barcoding region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COI) gene of the hitman strain of P. vindemmiae with those available from the GenBank and BoLD databases demonstrated that this strain clustered together with conspecifics originating from China, Turkey and Italy. Despite certain endosymbionts being previously reported for the genus Pachycrepoideus Ashmead, 1904 as well as for P. vindemmiae itself, the hitman strain turned out to be free of endosymbiotic bacteria in the genera Arsenophonus Gherna et al., 1991, Cardinium Zchori-Fein et al., 2004, Rickettsia da Rocha-Lima, 1916, Spiroplasma Saglio et al., 1973 and Wolbachia Hertig, 1936. The above-mentioned results improve our knowledge of various genetic features of parasitoids of the family Pteromalidae and those of P. vindemmiae in particular.</p>","PeriodicalId":44339,"journal":{"name":"Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii","volume":"29 1","pages":"108-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of two missense mutations in the MSS51 and KAT6B genes with body weight at different ages in cows of the Yaroslavl breed.","authors":"A V Igoshin, N S Yudin, D M Larkin","doi":"10.18699/vjgb-25-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-25-14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Yaroslavl cattle is a native Russian dairy breed developed in the 19th century from the Northern Great Russian cattle, which were adapted to withstand harsh climates and poor forage conditions. Previous studies identified two breed-specific missense mutations in the MSS51 (Ala415Glu) and KAT6B (Val105Met) genes that negatively impact the body weight of the animals. This study aimed to confirm the association of these missense mutations in the MSS51 and KAT6B genes, along with the mutant haplotype containing both mutations, with live weight at various ages in the Yaroslavl breed using an expanded sample set. We genotyped 113 cows for these missense variants and analyzed their associations with live weight at birth, as well as at 6, 10, 12, 15, and 18 months in a combined sample of 143 animals, which includes earlier data. We employed linear regression and one-way ANOVA for statistical analysis. The results from linear regression indicated significant associations with live weight at 6, 12, and 18 months for the mutation in the KAT6B gene. The MSS51 gene mutation was associated with live weight at 6, 12, 15, and 18 months. Notably, the mutant haplotype was linked to live weight across all ages from 6 to 18 months. One-way ANOVA revealed significant associations of live weight with KAT6B genotypes only at 6 months. For the MSS51 gene mutation and the mutant haplotype, significant associations were found at 6, 12, 15, and 18 months. In both statistical tests, the most significant association was observed for the mutant haplotype rather than for the individual variants. These findings could be instrumental in enhancing the live weight of beef hybrids utilising the Yaroslavl cattle breed.</p>","PeriodicalId":44339,"journal":{"name":"Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii","volume":"29 1","pages":"122-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symbiosis of intracellular bacteria Wolbachia with insects: a hundred years of study summarized.","authors":"O D Shishkina, N E Gruntenko","doi":"10.18699/vjgb-25-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-25-10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wolbachia pipientis is an α-proteobacterium, which is a widespread intracellular symbiont in a number of Arthropoda and some Nematoda species. With insects, W. pipientis forms a symbiont-host system characterized by very close interactions between its components. The mutual effects of Wolbachia on the host and the host on Wolbachia are important biotic factors for both components of this symbiotic system. Wolbachia is able to affect both host reproduction and somatic organ function. Due to its prevalence among insects and a wide variety of both negative (cytoplasmic incompatibility and androcide are among the most well-known examples) and positive (increasing resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, providing vitamins and metabolites) effects on the host organism, Wolbachia is of great interest for both entomologists and microbiologists. The diversity of host phenotypes induced by Wolbachia provides a broad choice of evolutionary strategies (such as reproductive parasitism or mutually beneficial symbiont-host relationships) that it utilizes. The influence of Wolbachia is to be considered in the design of any experiment conducted on insects. The application of sequencing technologies has led to new approaches being created to study the existing relationships within the Wolbachia-insect system, but interpretation of the data obtained is challenging. Nevertheless, the prospects for the use of the whole-genome analysis data to study Wolbachia-host coevolution are beyond doubt. Ongoing projects to introduce Wolbachia strains, which provide antiviral host defense, into insect populations to control the spread of RNA-viruses are actively pursued, which could result in saving many human lives. The aim of this brief review is to summarize the data collected by scientists over the past hundred years of Wolbachia studies and the current understanding of its genetic diversity and mechanisms of interaction with the host, including those based on transcriptome analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":44339,"journal":{"name":"Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii","volume":"29 1","pages":"79-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11947727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The liver-brain axis under the influence of chronic Opisthorchis felineus infection combined with prolonged alcoholization in mice.","authors":"D F Avgustinovich, I V Chadaeva, A V Kizimenko, A V Kovner, D V Bazovkina, D V Ponomarev, V I Evseenko, V A Naprimerov, M N Lvova","doi":"10.18699/vjgb-25-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-25-11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our purpose was to model a combination of a prolonged consumption of ethanol with Opisthorchis felineus infection in mice. Four groups of C57BL/6 mice were compiled: OF, mice infected with O. felineus for 6 months; Eth, mice consuming 20 % ethanol; Eth+OF, mice subjected to both adverse factors; and CON, control mice not exposed to these factors. In the experimental mice, especially in Eth+OF, each treatment caused well-pronounced periductal and cholangiofibrosis, proliferation of bile ducts, and enlargement of areas of inflammatory infiltration in the liver parenchyma. Simultaneously with liver disintegration, the infectious factor caused - in the frontal cerebral cortex - the growth of pericellular edema (OF mice), which was attenuated by the administration of ethanol (Eth+OF mice). Changes in the levels of some proteins (Iba1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF) and in mRNA expression of genes Aif1, Il1b, Il6, and Tnf were found in the hippocampus and especially in the frontal cortex, implying region-specific neuroinflammation. Behavioral testing of mice showed that ethanol consumption influenced the behavior of Eth and Eth+OF mice in the forced swimming test and their startle reflex. In the open field test, more pronounced changes were observed in OF mice. In mice of all three experimental groups, especially in OF mice, a disturbance in the sense of smell was detected (fresh peppermint leaves). The results may reflect an abnormality of regulatory mechanisms of the central nervous system as a consequence of systemic inflammation under the combined action of prolonged alcohol consumption and helminth infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":44339,"journal":{"name":"Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii","volume":"29 1","pages":"92-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying concatenation of the Cas9-cleaved transgenes using barcodes.","authors":"A V Smirnov, A N Korablev, I A Serova, A M Yunusova, A A Muravyova, E S Valeev, N R Battulin","doi":"10.18699/vjgb-25-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-25-04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In pronuclear microinjection, the Cas9 endonuclease is employed to introduce in vivo DNA double-strand breaks at the genomic target locus or within the donor vector, thereby enhancing transgene integration. The manner by which Cas9 interacts with DNA repair factors during transgene end processing and integration is a topic of considerable interest and debate. In a previous study, we developed a barcode-based genetic system for the analysis of transgene recombination following pronuclear microinjection in mice. In this approach, the plasmid library is linearized with a restriction enzyme or a Cas9 RNP complex at the site between a pair of barcodes. A pool of barcoded molecules is injected into the pronucleus, resulting in the generation of multicopy concatemers. In the present report, we compared the effects of in vivo Cas9 cleavage (RNP+ experiment) and in vitro production of Cas9- linearized transgenes (RNP- experiment) on concatenation. In the RNP+ experiment, two transgenic single-copy embryos were identified. In the RNP- experiment, six positive embryos were identified, four of which exhibited lowcopy concatemers. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of the barcodes revealed that 53 % of the barcoded ends had switched their initial library pairs, indicating the involvement of the homologous recombination pathway. Out of the 20 transgene-transgene junctions examined, 11 exhibited no mutations and were presumably generated through re-ligation of Cas9-induced blunt ends. The majority of mutated junctions harbored asymmetrical deletions of 2-4 nucleotides, which were attributed to Cas9 end trimming. These findings suggest that Cas9-bound DNA may present obstacles to concatenation. Conversely, clean DNA ends were observed to be joined in a manner similar to restriction-digested ends, albeit with distinctive asymmetry. Future experiments utilizing in vivo CRISPR/ Cas cleavage will facilitate a deeper understanding of how CRISPR-endonucleases influence DNA repair processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":44339,"journal":{"name":"Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii","volume":"29 1","pages":"26-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MiceDEGdb: a knowledge base on differentially expressed mouse genes as a model object in biomedical research.","authors":"O A Podkolodnaya, I V Chadaeva, S V Filonov, N L Podkolodnyy, D A Rasskazov, N N Tverdokhleb, K A Zolotareva, A G Bogomolov, E Yu Kondratyuk, D Yu Oshchepkov, M P Ponomarenko","doi":"10.18699/vjgb-25-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-25-18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fundamental understanding of many biological processes that unfold in a human body has become possible due to experimental studies on animal models. The backbone of modern biomedical research is the use of mouse models for studying important pathophysiological mechanisms, assessing new therapeutic approaches and making decisions on acceptance or rejection of new candidate medicines in preclinical trials. The use of mice is advantageous because they have small size, are easy to keep and to genetically modify. Mice make up more than 90 % of the rodents used for pharmaceutical research. We present the pilot version of MiceDEGdb, a knowledge base on the genes that are differentially expressed in the mouse used as a model object in biomedical research. MiceDEGdb is a collection of published data on gene expression in mouse strains used for studying age-related diseases, such as hypertension, periodontal disease, bone fragility, renal fibrosis, smooth muscle remodeling, heart failure and circadian rhythm disorder. The pilot release of MiceDEGdb contains 21,754 DEGs representing 9,769 unique Mus musculus genes the transcription levels whereof were found as being changed in 25 RNA-seq experiments involving eight tissues - gum, bone, kidney, right ventricle, aortic arch, hippocampus, skeletal muscle and uterus - in six genetic mouse strains (C57BL/6J, Ren1cCre|ZsGreen, B6.129S7(Cg)-Polgtm1Prol/J, BPN/3J, BPH/2J and Kunming) used as models of eight human diseases - all these data were based on information in 10 original articles. MiceDEGdb is novel in that it features a curated annotation of changes in the expression levels of mouse DEGs using independent biomedical publications about same-direction changes in the expression levels of human homologs in patients with one disease or the other. In its pilot release, MiceDEGdb documented 85,092 such annotations for 318 human genes in 895 diseases, as suggest to 912 scientific articles referenced by their PubMed ID. The information contained in MiceDEGdb may be of interest to geneticists, molecular biologists, bioinformatics scientists, clinicians, pharmacologists and genetic advisors in personalized medicine. MiceDEGdb is freely available at https://www.sysbio.ru/MiceDEGdb.</p>","PeriodicalId":44339,"journal":{"name":"Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii","volume":"29 1","pages":"153-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11937003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chickpea diversity driven by transposon insertion polymorpism.","authors":"V A Stanin, М A Duk, А A Kanapin, А A Samsonova, S Yu Surkova, М G Samsonova","doi":"10.18699/vjgb-25-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-25-08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chickpea is the second most important legume crop, which is used as a food by people in different parts of the world due to its high nutritive value. Omics technologies have revolutionized the characterization of chickpea genetic diversity by considering single-nucleotide polymorphisms, while structural variants and transposons have been overlooked. The specific contribution of transposons to the phenotypic diversification of crop species is still poorly documented, therefore its characterization is important. We focused on landraces collected before the \"green revolution\", as they are a valuable source of species diversity and can be used to broaden the genetic base of modern cultivars. Analyzing 190 chickpea genomes, we found 42,324 new transposon insertion sites from 83 families and showed that such sites are highly polymorphic. Most insertions were caused by mobilization of retrotransposons (67 % of insertions); among DNA transposons, the highest number of insertions was found for the superfamilies MuDR, PIF, hAT, CMC, and TcMar. We also demonstrated an uneven distribution of insertion sites along chromosomes. Analysis of the localization of transposon insertion sites relative to genes and their structural elements has shown that the largest number of insertions in all transposon superfamilies falls on introns and the smallest, on exons. We also showed that transposon insertion sites, which until recently have been overlooked by population genomics, are an important factor that diversifies phenotypes and can be used in GWAS as markers replacing SNPs. Comparative analysis of landraces collected in different geographic regions showed that the Ethiopian accessions have many unique transposon insertion sites. Our results highlight the unique role of transposon mobilization in chickpea diversification and have important implications for breeding improved chickpea varieties adapted to global climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":44339,"journal":{"name":"Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii","volume":"29 1","pages":"61-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic characteristics of local horse breeds by microsatellite DNA loci.","authors":"N V Blohina, L A Khrabrova","doi":"10.18699/vjgb-25-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-25-13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Russia has a significant pedigree diversity of horse breeds with unique gene pools that are well adapted to a wide variety of harsh natural and climatic conditions, are characterized by universal performance and high productive qualities, and are of significant interest to the world horse breeding. Genetic studies of population diversity in horse breeding are very relevant, since many domestic horse breeds are under threat of extinction. Biomaterials (hair, blood, semen) from horses of 15 local breeds bred in the Russian Federation and neighboring countries (CIS) were selected for the research. The sample included 2,193 horses, including: Altaiskaya (n = 48), Bashkirskaya (n = 130), Buryatskaya (n = 30), Vyatskaya (n = 220), Zabaikalskaya (n = 34), Kyrgyzskaya (n = 100), Mezenskaya (n = 148), Mugalzharskaya (n = 109), Novoaltaiskaya (n = 514), Pechorskaya (n = 31), Shetland pony (n = 47), Priobskaya (n = 85), Tuvinskaya (n = 600), Khakasskaya (n = 47) and Yakutskaya (n = 50) breeds. The following indicators were used in the genetic and population analysis: the total number of allele variants (Na) in 17 microsatellite loci, the level of polymorphism (Ae), the average number of alleles per locus (Nv), observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity, coefficients of genetic similarity and genetic distances, as well as the coefficient of intrapopulation inbreeding (Fis). Modern local horse breeds, even relatively small in number, have a high level of biodiversity and a peculiar genetic structure, often with the presence of private alleles, which persists despite periodic crossing with stud breeds of different specializations. It was found that horses of local breeds possess a number of unique alleles, including ASB2T, HMS7S, HMS6J, HMS6H, HMS2T, HMS1O, HTG7L, HTG6L, HTG6H, VHL20S, ASB17Z, ASB17X, ASB17U, LEX3S, LEX3R and CA425E, which were not detected in representatives of stud breeds in the studied European populations. The majority of the studied breeds were characterized by a negative Fis value and the absence of inbreeding. The coefficients of genetic similarity of local breeds varied in a relatively wide range (0.828-0.973) and testified to the uniqueness of the gene pools of most local horse breeds of the Russian Federation, as well as confirmed the common origin of the Kyrgyzskaya horse with the horse populations of Southern Siberia.</p>","PeriodicalId":44339,"journal":{"name":"Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii","volume":"29 1","pages":"113-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}