Engineering Educator: Courses最新文献

{"title":"Engineering the Modern Administrative State, Part I: Political Accommodation and Legal Strategy in the New Deal Era","authors":"Daniel B. Rodriguez, Barry R. Weingast","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3335114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3335114","url":null,"abstract":"Administrative constitutionalism in the United States has been characterized by tension and accommodation. The tension reflects the unsettled nature of our constitutional scheme, especially with regard to separation of powers, and also the concern with agency discretion and performance. Still and all, we have accommodated administrative constitutionalism in fundamental ways, through a constitutional jurisprudence that, in the main, accepts broad delegations of regulatory power to the bureaucracy and an administrative law that oversees agency actions under procedural and substantive guidelines. This was not always the case. In this paper, part one of a larger project, we revisit the critical New Deal period to look at the strategies the Congress and the Supreme Court used to resolve controversies over the emerging administrative state. We see the political and legal accommodation as a product of a (mostly) coherent interbranch dialogue, iterative and fueled by strategy. Having surmounted some important roadblocks in the first New Deal, this effort ultimately resulted in a scheme that enabled the federal government to accomplish their three critical objectives: to deploy national power to solve new economic problems, to create delegations appropriate to modern needs, and to craft novel administrative instruments to carry out legislative aims – all of which required a due amount of legal accommodation, given extant legal doctrine and the interests of the courts.","PeriodicalId":443021,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Educator: Courses","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117063596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moisture‐Dependent Morphing Tunes the Dispersal of Dandelion Diaspores","authors":"M. Seale, Oleksandr Zhdanov, C. Cummins, Erika Kroll, M. Blatt, H. Zare-Behtash, A. Busse, E. Mastropaolo, I. M. Viola, Naomi Nakayama","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3334428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3334428","url":null,"abstract":"Long distance dispersal (LDD) is considered particularly important for plant range expansion. Such events are rare, however, and for wind-dispersed species updrafts or extreme weather events are required. Despite the importance of LDD for plant population dynamics, dispersing long distances is risky to the survival of individual seeds and the majority of seeds disperse short distances. The extent to which most wind dispersed plants can manipulate dispersal ranges of individual seeds is debatable as wind speeds are generally more variable than seed traits. Here, we present a dynamic mechanism by which dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) seeds can regulate their dispersal in response to environmental conditions. We used time lapse imaging to observe shape changes in dandelion pappi. We also analysed diaspore fluid mechanics in two wind tunnels and used particle image velocimetry (PIV) to understand flight characteristics of the morphing structure. We have found that by changing the shape of the pappus when wet, detachment from the parent plant is greatly reduced and seed falling velocities are increased with a significant change in velocity deficit behind the seed. We suggest that this may be a form of informed dispersal maintaining LDD in dry conditions, while spatiotemporally directing short-range dispersal toward beneficial wetter environments.","PeriodicalId":443021,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Educator: Courses","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117244998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of the Cost of Quality Components on Business Execution and the Strategies to Minimize the Cost of Poor Quality","authors":"S. Prabhakar","doi":"10.31033/IJEMR.9.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31033/IJEMR.9.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper discusses and analyzes the components of the cost of quality (namely the cost of good quality and the cost of poor quality), their impacts on business execution and the company’s bottom line (i.e. profits) and suggests strategies to minimize the cost of poor quality.","PeriodicalId":443021,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Educator: Courses","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129481062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harmonic Mappings With Fixed Analytic Part","authors":"Rajbala Choudary, J. K. Prajapat","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3316668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3316668","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we consider a class of sense preserving harmonic mappings having analytic part convex in one direction. We prove that functions in this class are close-to-convex for certain values of parameters. Also, we obtain bounds on the pre-Schwarzian derivatives and on the Bloch’s constant. In addition, we investigate the coefficient estimates, growth and distortion results.","PeriodicalId":443021,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Educator: Courses","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121717459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and Its High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of W-Cr Alloys Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering","authors":"Q. Hou, K. Huang, L. Luo, X. Tan, Xiang Zan, Qiu Xu, Xiaoyong Zhu, Yu-Cheng Wu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3317057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3317057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract W-10 wt.% Cr (W-10Cr) and W-20 wt.% Cr (W-20Cr) alloys were fabricated through mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering technology. The microstructure of W-Cr alloys was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM. The W-20Cr alloy significantly increased the microhardness from 333.5 HV of pure W to 961.3 HV. Oxidation experiments at 800 °C and 1000 °C confirmed that W-20Cr alloy shows better oxidation resistance. A suitable amount of Cr content is favorable for the formation of the oxide scale Cr2O3 and the quality assurance at the initial stage of oxidation, which is able to slow down the oxidation rate. The quality of the oxide scale CrWO4 is better than that of Cr2WO6, indicating that the formation of the oxide scale CrWO4 is beneficial to weaken the further oxidation of the W-20Cr alloy.","PeriodicalId":443021,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Educator: Courses","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127286477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Structural Peculiarities of Statistical Interrelationships in Econometric Analysis of Multivariate Sample Data: An Overview and Methodical Recommendations for Students","authors":"A. Rozentsvaig, D. Fedorov, R. Ziatdinov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3315665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3315665","url":null,"abstract":"The general theory in economics is largely descriptive; therefore, its mathematical models are not only statistical but also particular. In the study of economic phenomena, it is usually necessary to use particular methods and thereby receive only particular solutions. Particular conditions limit the application of such methods, for example, types of economic activities and their place and time of implementation. The general solution to a mathematical problem allows for obtaining a particular solution of almost any initial and boundary conditions. In contrast to the general methods of mathematics, under which we find general solutions to whole classes of problems, in economics, solutions are always particular. We can only reach a true understanding of the character of the economic phenomenon that interests us through statistical data analysis. Correlation analysis is a time-consuming and completely nonformalizable task, necessary for identifying the dynamic of relationships between a large number of factors. Additionally, the nature of statistical models used for obtaining the sample estimates of parameters predetermines the quality and interpretation of the results of statistical analysis. Due to the complexity of multivariate statistical models, the assumption that the sample data follow a multidimensional normal distribution usually limits the common theoretical view. This greatly assists in performing standard multivariate analysis but always leads to a linear regression. The result is an oversimplified model of the correlations that develop in real conditions. The economic structure of each object is unique. Therefore, we propose to illustrate it with a system of correlation matrices of different orders. We propose that the synthesis of large quantities of multivariate sample data via snapshots of correlation matrices visually represents the specific features of the object of study. Employing such snapshots converts the empirical system of statistically significant relationships to the desired model of economic relationships. We establish the preconditions for the practical use of the generic methods of system analysis, based on modern theoretical and software tools.","PeriodicalId":443021,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Educator: Courses","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126409681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Switching Behavior of Acceptor-Doped Ferroelectric Ceramics","authors":"Chenxi Wang, Xiaoming Yang, Zujian Wang, Chao He, X. Long","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3313251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3313251","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Switching behavior is a general feature in ferroelectrics. The related fatigue effects influenced by defect dipoles in ferroelectrics are still controversial that is focused on the positive and negative effects of oxygen vacancies. Here, we report the polarization switching behavior of acceptor-doped ceramics using the first-order reversal curve (FORC) approach, especially for the abnormal self-rejuvenation effect and the enhanced fatigue endurance in acceptor-doped ceramics. The reversible and irreversible components under electric field in the ceramics were distinguished by the FORC distribution of ideal “hysteron”. The abnormal self-rejuvenation behavior stemmed from dispersive response of hysteron for undoped samples while from the redistribution of defect dipoles for acceptor-doped samples. The self-rejuvenation was induced mainly by the irreversible component. For the fatigue effect, the pinning of domain walls was not the main reason. The re-annealing treatment for a fatigued sample weakened the interactions between the spontaneous polarizations and defect dipoles, but enhanced the dispersion of coercive field. The enhancement of fatigue endurance came from the phase stability of structure in acceptor-doped ceramics, while complex phase evolution existed in undoped ceramic with weak fatigue endurance. Our study shed new light on the interactions between spontaneous polarization and defect dipoles under repetitive AC electric field.","PeriodicalId":443021,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Educator: Courses","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122406161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractional Kinetic Equation Involving Integral Transform","authors":"A. Bhat, Reeta Chauhan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3328161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3328161","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we derive the solution of fractional kinetic equation with Laplace and Fourier transforms. Their respective solutions are given in terms of Mittag-Leffler function and their generalization, which can also be represented as Fox’s H-function. The result proved in this paper is application to wide range of engineering, astrophysics and physical science.","PeriodicalId":443021,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Educator: Courses","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130399773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-Situ TEM Analysis of the Phase Transformation Mechanism of a Cu-Al-Ni Shape Memory Alloy Fabricated with Different Quenching Speeds","authors":"Tae-Hoon Kim, G. Ouyang, J. Poplawsky, M. Kramer, J. Cui, Lin Zhou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3310164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3310164","url":null,"abstract":"A shape memory alloy (SMA) recovers its original shape after deformation through martensitic phase transformation (PT), which is diffusionless and involves shear deformation. Minimizing PT hysteresis is of crucial importance for reliability of SMA-based devices, where the stress caused by thermal hysteresis leads to functional degradation. As a result, understanding structural factors that control PT, including phase nucleation and growth, is critical for development of materials with high reversibility. In this study, the PT mechanism (from γ_1' martensite to β₁ austenite phase) in Cu-Al-Ni SMAs was investigated by preparing alloy with different quenching rates, resulting in very different transition temperatures. By characterizing the atomic scale composition and microstructure we show that slow quenching induces nanoprecipitation that change chemistry and strain field of the matrix alloy, while fast quenching avoids the formation of these nanoprecipitates. <i>In-situ</i> monitoring of the PT process in TEM demonstrate a growth-dominant conventional PT mechanism with low hysteresis in the fast quench sample. On the other hand, the alloy with precipitates shows a nucleation-dominant PT mechanism with suppression of phase growth that induces high thermal hysteresis. Our finding provides valuable insights into the fabrication of SMAs with better reliability.","PeriodicalId":443021,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Educator: Courses","volume":"37 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114043843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexural Strength and Compressive Strength Relations of Hospital Waste Ash-Concrete","authors":"A. Elinwa, Nasir Kabir","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3309506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3309506","url":null,"abstract":"This research work was on the evaluation of the flexural strength and compressive strength relationship of hospital waste ash (HWA)-concrete. The establishment of the relationship was carried out using concrete mix of 1: 1.61: 2.5, a cement content of 420 kg/m3, and water-cement ratio of 0.52.This was used to cast beams of dimensions, 150 mm x 150 mm x 500 mm, and cured for 90 days in a water curing tank under the laboratory conditions. The HWA was used to replace cement by wt. % in the proportions of 0% to 40%. The evaluations on the statistical characteristics of the flexural strength data results showed that the addition of HWA to concrete improved the hydration process. This was reflected in the strength development of the concrete, and the strong correlation and level of significance observed with the variables (Mix and Age). The values of the MOR obtained are in the ranged of 2.1 kN/m2 (psi) and 4.0 kN/m2. This was at the optimum replacement of 20%. At this level the value of the flexural strength was approximately 19% of the compressive strength.. The two models chosen that represented the flexural strength and compressive strength relations are the square root and two-third models. The relative predictive error (RPE) for each is 0.01.","PeriodicalId":443021,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Educator: Courses","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131716693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}