Turkish Archives of Otorhinolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"Infratemporal Fossa Abscess Drainage via a Trans-Oral Image Guided Approach.","authors":"Adam Morin,&nbsp;Matthew J Urban,&nbsp;Samer Al-Khudari","doi":"10.4274/tao.2023.2022-10-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/tao.2023.2022-10-10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep neck space infections can cause antibiotic-resistant abscesses that can impinge on vital anatomical structures. Image-guided surgery systems using preoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging can be utilized to characterize pathology and assist surgeons in avoiding iatrogenic injury. This manuscript explores the presentation and unique CT-guided surgical management of an infratemporal fossa abscess in a 48-year-old male who presented with left-sided dental pain and facial swelling that had progressed despite antibiotics and dental extraction. CT-guided imaging can assist in localizing and protecting vital anatomical structures during deep neck abscess drainage and can prevent the potential risks and complications of classic surgical approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":44240,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"61 2","pages":"91-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cb/4d/tao-61-91.PMC10506520.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41112918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Lymph Node Ratio and Histopathologic Parameters Have Any Prognostic Value in Primary Parotid Gland Carcinomas?","authors":"Cengiz Özcan,&nbsp;Harun Gür,&nbsp;Onur İsmi,&nbsp;Yusuf Vayisoğlu,&nbsp;Kemal Koray Bal,&nbsp;Rabia Bozdoğan Arpacı,&nbsp;Kemal Görür","doi":"10.4274/tao.2023.2023-3-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/tao.2023.2023-3-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the demographic characteristics and the pathological results of neck dissection in primary parotid gland (PG) cancer patients, and to investigate the effects of histopathological parameters (perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and extracapsular spread), neck metastasis, stage and lymph node ratio (LNR) on survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who underwent parotidectomy for malignant PG tumors between 2000 and 2019 years were retrospectively reviewed from the medical records. Thirty patients who were treated with parotidectomy and neck dissection were included in the study. Lymph node ratio was calculated as the ratio of the number of metastatic lymph nodes (LN) to the total number of excised LNs. Tumor stage, regional LN metastasis, LNR, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and extracapsular spread were reviewed for the effects on survival with the Kaplan-Meier analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 17 (57%) male and 13 (43%) female patients. Their mean age was 67.93±16.90 years (range, 50-85 years). The average number of the excised LN was 26.03±11.79 (range, 3-50). Mean LNR was 0.16±0.26. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that neck metastasis (p=0.001) and LNR (p<0.001) were associated with shorter survival times compared to perineural invasion (p=0.818), lymphovascular invasion (p=0.154), extracapsular spread (p=0.410) and stage (p=0.294). In multivariate COX regression analysis, only LNR had a statistically significant difference (p=0.027) compared to the other parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study suggests that LNR and neck metastasis are associated with shorter survival times in PG cancers. Lymph node ratio can be used as a prognostic marker in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":44240,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"61 2","pages":"58-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6b/0f/tao-61-58.PMC10506524.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41162576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent Pediatric Extranasopharyngeal Angiofibroma of the Epiglottis: Case Report.","authors":"Mónica Hernando,&nbsp;Alex Lowy,&nbsp;Carolina Agra,&nbsp;Rosalía Souvirón,&nbsp;Juan Antonio Pasamontes,&nbsp;Mario Fernández-Fernández","doi":"10.4274/tao.2023.2023-2-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/tao.2023.2023-2-10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Angiofibroma is a non-encapsulated, highly vascular tumor that usually originates in the nasopharynx. Laryngeal cases of extranasopharyngeal angiofibroma (ENA) are a very rare pathology, especially in children. Only eight ENA laryngeal cases have been described in the literature, and only one of them is a pediatric case. In this report we present an 11-year-old child with epiglottic ENA resected with transoral endoscopic ultrasonic surgery (TOUSS) with review of the literature. Because of reccurrence after five months he underwent re-excision with CO₂ laser. Recurrences in ENA are infrequent, but as demonstrated in our case, close endoscopic follow-up is mandatory in this location. Endoscopic hemostatic procedures like TOUSS and CO₂ laser ensure bloodless surgery for the management of this type of vascular laryngeal tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":44240,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"61 2","pages":"99-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ad/a7/tao-61-99.PMC10506526.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41151992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Welding Tonsillectomy versus Monopolar Electrocautery Tonsillectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.","authors":"Ebraheem Albazee,&nbsp;Bader Alshammari,&nbsp;Mohammad Alotaibi,&nbsp;Kaushalendra Mani Tripathi,&nbsp;Abdallah Abuawad","doi":"10.4274/tao.2023.2022-11-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/tao.2023.2022-11-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In hopes of contributing to the decision about the best surgical option in tonsillectomy, we performed this work to compare the effectiveness of the thermal welding system (TW) and monopolar electrocautery (ME) tonsillectomy in terms of postoperative pain, postoperative bleeding, and operation time in patients undergoing tonsillectomy, to determine which procedure is most expected to enhance the postoperative quality of life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Digital databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, were systematically screened from inception up to October 2022. The included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were evaluated for risk of bias via the Cochrane tool (version 2). The outcomes were summarized as risk ratio (RR) or mean difference/standardized mean difference (MD/SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) in a random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The three RCTs that met our criteria were included in the study. Overall, 151 patients had been enrolled in these three RCTs, in which 75 and 76 were allocated to the TW and ME groups, respectively. The postoperative pain levels were substantially reduced, favoring the TW arm over the ME arm [n=2 RCTs, SMD=-0.39, 95% CI (-0.67, -0.12), p=0.005]. Also, the analysis revealed a substantial variation between the TW and ME arms in terms of operation time [n=2 RCTs, MD=3.29 minutes, 95% CI (1.42, 5.17), p=0.0006]. However, the analysis revealed no substantial variation between the TW and ME arms in term of postoperative bleeding [n=3 RCTs, RR=0.40, 95% CI (0.06, 2.62), p=0.34].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis revealed that postoperative bleeding for tonsillectomy were similar between the ME and TW techniques. However, TW showed lower postoperative pain levels than ME statistically but without achieving significant clinical advantage.</p>","PeriodicalId":44240,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"61 2","pages":"83-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e6/c2/tao-61-83.PMC10506519.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41147681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective and Therapeutic Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Experimental Cisplatin Ototoxicity.","authors":"Bahadır Gözaydın,&nbsp;Asude Ünal,&nbsp;Doğukan Özdemir,&nbsp;Ayşe Çeçen,&nbsp;Mustafa Bakırtaş","doi":"10.4274/tao.2023.2022-7-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/tao.2023.2022-7-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent with an ototoxic effect that is frequently used in head and neck cancers. There are studies in the literature conducted with various antioxidant substances to protect and/or prevent ototoxicity. This study aims to investigate whether platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has a protective and therapeutic effect on cisplatin ototoxicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 40 Sprague Dawley albino rats were divided into six groups as control group (n=6), PRP-only group (n=6), cisplatin group (n=6), cisplatin + PRP group (n=6), PRP + cisplatin group (n=6), and donor group (n=10). At the beginning of the study and the 8^th day, they were tested with distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). Assessment of DPOAE results was based on the signal-to-noise ratio in 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz frequency bands. On the 8^th day, the rats were sacrificed. For histological examinations, the temporal bones were dissected and fixed. After hematoxylin and eosin staining, the tissues were evaluated by light microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the DPOAE tests performed on the 0^th and 8^th days of the cisplatin group, it was observed that cisplatin caused hearing loss in the rat ears. It was determined that the cisplatin group at 2000 Hz, 3000 Hz and 4000 Hz had a significant decrease in hearing compared to all groups (p<0.015), while the cisplatin group at 6000 and 8000 Hz was characterized by hearing loss at a higher rate than all groups (p<0.001). At the end of the study, negative effects of cisplatin on both cellular dimensions (cytoplasmic vacuolization, cell degeneration, dilatation, apoptotic cells, nerve degeneration) and hearing function were observed. No protective or therapeutic effect of PRP on cisplatin ototoxicity was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study showed that platelet-rich plasma did not have a significant effect in the treatment of hearing loss due to cisplatin ototoxicity and in preventing hearing loss in rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":44240,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"61 2","pages":"75-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b0/b2/tao-61-75.PMC10506523.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41151999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Factors Affecting Hearing Aid Use in Children.","authors":"Nurşah Özal,&nbsp;Merve Özbal Batuk,&nbsp;Selen Yılmaz Işıkhan","doi":"10.4274/tao.2022.2022-6-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/tao.2022.2022-6-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting hearing aid use in children and investigate how these factors affected their subjective auditory performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was carried out with 34 children aged three to six years who had mild or moderate sensorineural hearing loss and had used a bilateral hearing aid for at least six months. The daily hearing aid usage times of children were collected with the help of data logging software. Parent-child interactions were assessed with the Maternal Behavior Rating Scale (MBRS) and Child Behavior Rating Scale (CBRS) scores. To assess the parents' levels of knowledge about hearing devices, the Hearing Aid Awareness Question Form for Parents, which was prepared by the researchers, was used. Finally, to evaluate the subjective hearing performance of the children, the Parents' Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (PEACH) survey was implemented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Strong and significant correlations were found between the MBRS and CBRS scores, the results obtained from some questions in the Hearing Aid Awareness Question Form for Parents, the overall PEACH score, the QUIET subscale score, and the NOISE subscale score (p<0.001). According to the multivariate linear regression analyses, it was observed that the use of the pediatric clip hearing aids holder (question 17) had a significant effect in decreasing both the overall PEACH score (β=-3.07, p=0.008) and the PEACH-NOISE subscale score (β=-1.88, p=0.012). A unit increase in the score given to question 24 of the Hearing Aid Awareness Question Form for Parents (i.e., using the hearing aids longer) caused a 2.35-fold increase in the PEACH-NOISE subscale score, a 1.74-fold increase in the PEACH-QUIET subscale score, and a 4.06-fold increase in the overall PEACH score.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Parent-child interaction and parents' knowledge about hearing aid use are important factors affecting hearing aid use in children. These factors also affect the children's subjective auditory performance. Parents should be given detailed information about hearing aid use and be more sensitive and responsive in their interactions with their children.</p>","PeriodicalId":44240,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"61 1","pages":"25-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f8/40/tao-61-25.PMC10424585.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10388765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Technique for Use Instead of Lateral Crural Overlay for Reduction of Nasal Tip Projection in Revision Rhinoplasty.","authors":"Ali Seyed Resuli,&nbsp;Fatih Öktem","doi":"10.4274/tao.2022.2022-6-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/tao.2022.2022-6-13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Correction of nasal tip projection (NTP) deformities involve techniques for the lower lateral cartilage of the nose. Previously, it would have been surgically difficult to perform the lateral crural overlay (LCO) technique for the second time in revision rhinoplasty in patients who already had undergone rhinoplasty with the LCO technique because of the length of the NTP. In this study, we evaluated the lateral crural segmental excision (LCSE) technique in patients with overprojected nasal tip in revision rhinoplasty.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively studied the cases of 19 patients who had initially undergone rhinoplasty with the LCO technique for overprojected nasal tip, and later underwent revision rhinoplasty with the LCSE technique after insufficient NTP was observed on facial analysis between 2018 and 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the patients, 12 (63%) were male, with an average age of 29.6 years, and 7 (17%) patients were female, with an average age of 25.3 years. Using Goode's formula, NTP indexes of patients measured 79.4±1.8 preoperatively and 56.0±1.3 postoperatively. Stastically significant difference was observed between preoperative and postoperative values. None of the patients had malnutrition at the incision margins, and all patients recovered on time and without any problems. Granulation tissue was detected in the mucosa in only one patient.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The LCSE technique, with a short surgical time, recovery period without complications, and satisfactory nasal respiratory function, is preferred over a second LCO application in cases of NTP.</p>","PeriodicalId":44240,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"61 1","pages":"8-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/90/69/tao-61-8.PMC10424582.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10366926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Cholesteatoma.","authors":"Abdullah Dalğıç,&nbsp;Gökçe Aksoy Yıldırım,&nbsp;Mehmet Ekrem Zorlu,&nbsp;Orçun Delice,&nbsp;Abdulhalim Aysel","doi":"10.4274/tao.2023.2022-11-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/tao.2023.2022-11-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of total transcanal endoscopic cholesteatoma surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-seven cholesteatoma patients that had undergone transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES) were included in the study. Age, sex, operation date of patients, operated side, need for ossiculoplasty, graft material, and surgical technique were recorded. All patients were evaluated through otoscopic, endoscopic, and audiological examinations and followed up for at least five months after surgery. All patients were staged using the European Academy of Otology and Neurotology/Japan Otological Society (EAONO/JOS) Staging System on Middle Ear Cholesteatoma.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age of the patients was 36.4 years (range, 4-67 years). According to the EAONO/JOS Staging System, 11 patients were stage 1, while 11 were stage 2, and five were stage 3. Two had lateral semicircular canal defect, one had facial canal dehiscence, and one had oval window defect. The average follow-up period was 19 months (range, 5-41 months), during which two patients experienced retraction pocket and hearing loss and one patient had perforation. One patient underwent revision surgery during follow-up and no recurrence or residual cholesteatoma was observed. The preoperative and postoperative air-bone gaps were 25.14±13.93 dB and 22.22±12.64 dB with no significant difference.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TEES is a minimally invasive and safe procedure with low complication and recurrence rates. As with all surgical procedures, experience is essential, and as experience increases, the capability to perform endoscopic otologic surgery on more complex cases may become possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":44240,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"61 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a0/a7/tao-61-1.PMC10424586.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10388761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical Lipomatous Tumor Originating From the Nasopharynx in a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.","authors":"Mehmet Emre Sivrice,&nbsp;Vural Akın,&nbsp;Bekir Büyükçelik,&nbsp;Hasan Yasan,&nbsp;Mehmet Kıran,&nbsp;Veysel Atilla Ayyıldız","doi":"10.4274/tao.2023.2023-4-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/tao.2023.2023-4-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atypical lipomatous tumor, also known as well-differentiated liposarcoma, is rare in the head and neck region. The primary and most effective option in the treatment of this malignancy with a good prognosis is excision with clean surgical margins. Therefore, it is important to distinguish this malignancy from lesions that require more aggressive treatment. In this article, we present the case of an atypical lipomatous tumor originating from the nasopharynx and almost completely obstructing the oropharynx in a 38-year-old male patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature of an atypical lipomatous tumor case originating from the nasopharynx.</p>","PeriodicalId":44240,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"61 1","pages":"47-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/22/43/tao-61-47.PMC10424584.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10388763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pitfalls and Perspectives of Assessing Olfactory Function via Optical Brain Imaging.","authors":"Güliz Akın Öztürk,&nbsp;Gizem Ermiş,&nbsp;Emre Eskicioğlu,&nbsp;Çağdaş Güdücü","doi":"10.4274/tao.2023.2023-1-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/tao.2023.2023-1-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Olfaction is critical for maintaining daily life activities. It is crucial to measure olfactory performance for the diagnosis and treatment of certain neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, impairments and a lack of quality in the olfactory system may indicate the early diagnosis of some diseases such as Parkinson's. In this context, there are several imaging methods available for evaluating olfactory function. In addition to the conventional methods used in measuring the brain's responsiveness to olfactory stimuli, this article presents a systematic review of the current applicability of optical brain imaging (i.e., functional near-infrared spectroscopy) in the evaluation of olfactory function. A database literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, the Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. This review excluded animal studies, clinical studies, pathology- or neurodegenerative disease-related studies, newborn-related studies, cross-modal- and dual-task-related studies, and non-original research studies. Thus, seven studies were examined to discuss the pitfalls and perspectives of the use of optical brain imaging under olfactory stimulation. As for this conclusion, they can be used to evaluate olfactory performance in healthy individuals through the interpretation of hemodynamic changes. Further studies are needed to standardize the applicability of these optical imaging techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":44240,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"61 1","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e0/ab/tao-61-37.PMC10424587.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10366922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}