Environmental Technology and Science Journal最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Kenaf Fibre on Fresh Properties of Fibrous Concrete","authors":"E. Ogunbode, Y. Garba, B. Musa, M. Oliver, N. S. Daniya, C. U. Ekekezie","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v13i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v13i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of global quest for sustainable materials to achieve a bio based economy and low carbon foot print environment, the use of fibre to produce fibrous concrete composite has continuously received significant research attention. While several researches have been conducted on metallic and synthetic fibrous concretes, they exhibit several unavoidable drawbacks and bio fibrous concrete has proven to be a better alternative. Therefore, the effect of fibre volume fraction and fibre length on fresh properties of concrete was investigated. The bio fibrous concrete mix was made of six different fibre volume fractions (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) and corresponding three different fibre lengths of 25 mm, 50 mm and 75 mm. A concrete mix proportion of grade 30 N/mm2 at 28 days target strength was prepared. A total of 19 different concrete mixes comprising of one PC mix was the control for the experiment, and 18 different mixes of Kenaf bio fibrous concrete composite (KBFCC) at varying fibre volume fraction (vf) and fibre length (lf) were tested. These mixes were tested for workability (slump, compacting factor and Vebe test) and fresh density. The slump and Vebe time for KBFCCs were 5–100 mm and 3–79 seconds respectively. The slump and Vebe time for PC were 120 mm and 3 seconds respectively. A significant drop from 0.951 to 0.809 for fibre length of 25 mm, 0.947 to 0.799 for fibre length of 50 mm and 0.931 to 0.793 for fibre length of 75 mm was observed for the compacting factor value. Though, KBFCC with fibre content below 1% was workable in spite of its low slump, its high Vebe time and low compacting factor. For fibre volume of 1% and above, the workability of concrete decreased and became very stiff with balling effect. It was seen that fresh density of PC concrete (2358 kg/m3) was higher compared to those of KBFCC (2105-2339 kg/m3), however, both values were lower than 2400 kg/m3 threshold specified by the BS code of practice. The study therefore recommended that fibre contents lesser than 1% and 50 mm length can be used in order to have good fresh properties performance.","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129178896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Planning Indicators for Open-Defecation Prevention in Ogun State Nigeria","authors":"O. Olapeju, T. Olapeju","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v13i1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v13i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"This study is aimed at employing the structural equation model to estimate the significance of effective management of toilets, interventionist measures, and punitive measures, as veritable dimensions of planning that can mitigate open defecation in Ogun state, Nigeria. Adopting a four-level multi-stage approach, a total of 110, 100, and 120 questionnaires were respectively administered in Ogijo/Likosi, Ilaro I, and Sodeke/Sale‐Ijeun I wards. The selected criteria reflect the variance in the populations of 1,250,435(33%), 1,112,761(30%), and 1,387,944(37%) for Ogun East, Ogun West and Ogun Central, respectively. The pooled confirmatory factor analysis process involved several re-estimations, based on the deletion of lowly loading factors and correlation of redundant items. Next, the model was validated; normality was assessed; and full structural model was analysed. The structural model established a significant positive relationship between Effective Management of Toilets (MT) and Planning Dimension (PD) (β=0.773, p<0.05), Punitive Measures (PM) and Planning Dimension (PD) (β=0.765, p<0.05), and similarly, Interventionist Measures (IM) and Planning Dimension (PD) (β=1.093, p<0.05). The study, among all others, recommends the implementation of initiatives such as landscaping of open spaces; provision of bus terminals with adequate toilets, in the event that households members are pressed while travelling; installations of signposts warning against open defecation; connection of all residential developments to comprehensive water schemes; and enlightenment campaigns against open defecation by the authority, as planning measures that can discourage open defecation.","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132760519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Sulphuric Acid on the Compressive Strength of Ternary Blended Geopolymer Mortar","authors":"E. Ogunbode, S. Musa, A. John, A. Dauda, B. Musa, Y. Garba","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v13i1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v13i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The deteriorating effect of acid media on cement based constructions has become a worrying problem all over the world. These media generally occur as solutions in various branches of the industry, acid rains and mists, and acid ground-waters. A very popular form of acid attack on concrete that is usually referred to as biogenic sulphuric acid attack also occurs in both industrial and urban sewer systems. The emergence of new cementitious materials, like geopolymer cements, during the past decades necessitates detailed experimental work and research activities to investigate their durability in aggressive acid environments. The study therefore explored the development of alkali-activated CPA-SHA-MK ternary blended geopolymer mortar (GPM) using sodium silicate (Na2Si3) and sodium hydroxide (NAOH) solutions with 9M constant concentration as alkaline activators under both the aggressive and ambient-temperature curing media. The mass ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide (NS: NH) and as well as the binder to fine aggregate were fixed at 2.5 and 0.8 respectively. The durability of the ternary blended geopolymer mortar was examined through acid resistance test using 50 mm cubes after 28, 56 and 90 days of curing. The results revealed that the setting time prolonged as the replacement levels of RHA-MK increased at a decrease in the replacement levels of CPA. The results also showed that both the PCM and GPM samples studied suffered mass and strength losses in the acid solution and the loss increases at an increase in the hydration periods. The strength losses were observed to be higher in PCM mix (12.19 N/mm2 at 90 days) as compared to the GPMs (6.67 N/mm2 at 90 days) while the mix incorporated 50% CPA, 33% MK and 17% RHA (C50M33R17) was observed to be better compared to other mixes in durability behaviour. The study therefore recommends C50M33R17 mix proportion for good durability performance. ","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124935466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing Aged Preferences for Healthcare Services in Selected Rural Communities of Ayedaade Local Government Area, Osun State","authors":"K. O. Popoola, O. Ojo, E. Umara","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v13i1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v13i1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, there has been a growing recognition of the challenges of aged healthcare and care preferences especially the rural aged and the need for it to be addressed. Hence, this study examined factors influencing aged preferences for healthcare services in three rural communities of Ayedaade Local Government Area of Osun State by adopting combinations of methods. A total of 127 structured questionnaires were administered to the elderly (60 years and older) in the designated localities. In addition to this, nine people were interviewed in the three communities studied. It was revealed that health personnel such as doctors, nurses, among others were rarely available and those available were not responsive at the healthcare facilities. Also, the healthcare facilities had limited number of rooms and the available roomsand beds were in poor conditions. The study further revealed traditional care as the aged most preferred healthcare in the three communities and factors such as distance to the health, long waiting time and literacy level were found to be influencing their preferences. The study suggested the need to put into consideration aged preferences in planning choices connected to health care services especially those in the rural areas. Also, there is the need for health care services provided to be monitored appropriately by the relevant government agencies. ","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121769012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Satisfaction with Course of Study among Students of Environmental Faculty/School in Nigerian Universities","authors":"W. Morenikeji, B. Ohadugha, H. Musa, G. Morenikeji","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v13i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v13i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the variation in the level of course of study satisfaction among the undergraduate students of the Environmental Faculty/School in some selected Nigerian tertiary institutions. The study sourced and utilised data from online survey among the participating students from the various departments under the Faculty of Environmental Technology. Survey questionnaire was designed using the Survey Menu in DATAtab statistical software and shared to students in 25 Federal, State and Private institutions across Nigeria. Responses from 1471 respondents were analysed using frequency and crosstabulations accompanied with Chi-square tests. In performing the Chi-square tests, the contributions of each Department's response were obtained to know which Department contributed most to total Chi-Square value, hence identifying the largest contributor(s) to the differences in the data. More than 80% of the students in Architecture, Building, Estate Management and Quantity Surveying were satisfied with their course, compared to around 70% of students in Urban and Regional Planning as well as Surveying and Geoinformatics. A Chi2 test carried out showed a statistically significant difference in study satisfaction among the students in the six departments (χ² (10) = 47.54, p = 0.000). URP students were the most dissatisfied. Out of the 293 dissatisfied students, 41.3% felt that their course would not provide them with good employment opportunities, while about 29% rated their course inferior to other built environment courses. It is recommended that courses in Environmental Faculty/School should be made more multi-disciplinary and injected with many cross-cutting subjects. Students should be regularly updated about the latest technology in their courses and educated about other consultancy services they can render as graduates of Built Environment. ","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122366506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suitability Analysis of Compressed Earth Bricks (CEB) for Sustainable Housing Delivery in Guinea Savannah Zone of Northern Nigeria","authors":"J. A. Obaje, F. B. Ciroma, S. A. Obaje","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v13i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v13i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"In meeting housing delivery challenges in Nigeria, there is an urgent need to develop materials and technologies that are cost effective, eco-friendly, having good user perception and showcasing cultural heritage. The study evaluated the compressed earth bricks (CEB) and sandcrete blocks sustainability as building materials. Structured questionnaires were administered to professionals (Architects, Structural Engineers and Builders) in Kaduna State to establish the awareness level, application and sustainability qualities of CEB as compared to sandcrete blocks. Laboratory tests were conducted on six soil samples and CEB from three States of Guinea Savannah Zone of Northern Nigeria (Kaduna, Plateau and Niger) to ascertain their suitability for housing development. Findings showed low awareness, acceptability and poor user perception levels of CEB at 12% but high advantage as regard cost, environmental friendliness (energy efficient) and cultural heritage. CEB were manually and dynamically compressed at medium pressure and cured for 7 and 28 days respectively with five different cement ratios. The maximum compressive strength in 28days for Kaduna State was Damashi with 2.67 N/mm2, at 6% stabilisation; Plateau State, both Bassa and Jos South had 2.82 N/mm2 at 6% cement content and Bosso in Niger State was 4.42 N/mm2 at 8% cement content. The bricks from each of the sites indicated appropriate for use at either 2% or 4% but averagely 6% and all at 8% cement stabilisation. CEB has sustainable advantage over sandcrete blocks by approximately 70%. The paper recommends that developers, Non-governmental organisations (NGOs), Governments housing development agencies commence the use of optimised CEB for sustainable large scale housing production in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124649788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Office Layout on Academic Staff Performance in Covenant University, Ota","authors":"A. Oluwunmi, N. V. Gbarayeghe","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v13i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v13i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has indicated that it is critical to regularly monitor academic staffperformance in higher  educational institutions. This is because it has an inevitable and continuous impact on both organisational and student academic performance. Taking this into consideration, this study, with a focus on the academic staff of Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, evaluated the influence of office layout on staff performance. The objectives of the study were to investigate staff perception of office layout, examine factors influencing staff performance in an office, and establish the nature of the relationship between office layout and staff performance. One hundred questionnaires were randomly administered to academic staff at the university, and a response rate of 60% was obtained. It was discovered that the academic staff perceived all the ten office layout elements presented to them to be \"good\". The results also showed that office layout (mean=4.68), reliable internet (mean=4.55) and office furniture (mean=4.40) are among the crucial factors influencing academic staff performance. Finally, the study revealed that office layout has a significant impact on performance. It was recommended, among other things, that the Management of the institution should improve on office layout in order to enhance performance. These findings imply that if the Management of the University is desirous of keeping staff performance high, it must grasp the key factors influencing their performance. In order to achieve the desiredperformance levels, it is necessary for the management to understand what to do to effectively bring about those levels.","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":"149 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133388503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Water Quality of River Kaduna, Nigeria Using Water Quality Index","authors":"Q. Sadiq, C. K. Ezeamaka, M. Daful, I. Mustafa","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v13i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v13i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Water is a natural resource of fundamental importance and supports all life forms. The study evaluated the water quality of River Kaduna using the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) Water Quality Index. The study covered both raining and dry seasons in 10 sampling points. Water parameters analysed were turbidity, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, pH, TDS and Ni using standard laboratory techniques. The data obtained were used to develop Water Quality Index (WQI) across the 10 sampling points and results showed that the water quality at Barnawa, Kudenda, Tudun Wada, Makera and Angwan Muazu are poor as their index values ranged between 31.8 – 42 while Kawo, Angwan Dosa, Malali, Kigo and Angwan Rimi are marginal as their index ranged between 45 – 61.3. The study concluded that the variety and level of contaminants in River Kaduna was related to the anthropogenic activities in the various parts of Kaduna Metropolis from where run-off and contaminants were received, hence, the water quality of River Kaduna is deteriorating. There is therefore the need for proper environmental education and discouragement in the use of toxic chemicals for farming so that pollution can be controlled at the source. ","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114881188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of Signage on Wayfinding Behaviour of Users: Towards Inclusive Design of Hospital Environment in Nigeria","authors":"A. Salawu","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v13i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v13i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Inadequate signage systems and architectural design create physical barriers that cause uneven access to users of hospital buildings during wayfinding, which causes stress, uncertainty, and an unpleasant experience for both staff and patients. The study examines the effects of signs on wayfinding behaviour to achieve inclusive wayfinding in the design of hospitals in Nigeria. The study was conducted at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Ilorin Kwara State, Nigeria. A mixed-methods approach was employed for data collection through a survey administered to 140 participants (70 male and 70 female). Thirty respondents were interviewed, and the hospital buildings were observed. According to the findings, direction signage has the most impact on wayfinding since users rely on it the most to make wayfinding decisions, followed by identification signage (text/support icons) that aids in the recognition of target locations. Also, the result illustrates that signage was supported with pictographs while text was interpreted in the main local language (Yoruba), which enhanced understanding of signs across cultures in the state. As a result, the conceptual design and placement of signage and other inclusive navigation components in the hospital should be purposefully and suitably employed, simplified, useful, and appealing for inclusive access, meaning, and interpretation. The main limitation of this study is the non-utilisation of digital signs and various assistive technologies for impaired (sensory and mobility) people of varied ages and abilities.","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131562222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Emotional Intelligence and Academic Performance of Quantity Surveying Students","authors":"F. Bello, S. Sani","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v13i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v13i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have established that Emotional Intelligence (EI) has an effect on the performance of students. EI of construction students has been found to be lower than their counterparts in other disciplines. These studies, however did not evaluate the EI in relation to performance. Thus this creates a gap with regards to the relationship of EI and the academic performance of construction students. Therefore, this study assessed the emotional intelligence and academic performance among quantity surveying students. Data were collected by means of closed–ended questionnaires, which were administered online. Data gathered were analysed using descriptive (Mean, Frequency and Standard Deviations) and inferential (Analysis of Variance) statistics through the use of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS software). The 16-item Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale was used to evaluate the level of emotional intelligence and explore the effect on academic performance. The results of the study indicated that quantity surveying students have a high level of EI, and a significant difference was found between students EI and academic performance. Students with higher Academic performance were found to have higher level of Self-Emotion Appraisal (SEA) and Use of Emotions (UOE). However, the results did not show a significant difference under Others’ Emotion Appraisal (OEA) and Regulation of Emotions (ROE). Thus this study concluded that EI of quantity surveying students gave an indication of the level of academic performance (CGPA) and therefore recommends that EI should be incorporated into academic curricula to improve the EI level of constructionstudents. ","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130113217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}