Environmental Technology and Science Journal最新文献

Evaluation of Metals in Printed Wiring Boards of Selected Discarded Mobile Phones in Nigeria 尼日利亚部分废弃手机印刷线路板中的金属评估

Environmental Technology and Science Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.4314/etsj.v14i2.1

G.U. Adie, A.N. Abimbola, O.C. Aribisala, V.O. Adejumobi

{"title":"Evaluation of Metals in Printed Wiring Boards of Selected Discarded Mobile Phones in Nigeria","authors":"G.U. Adie, A.N. Abimbola, O.C. Aribisala, V.O. Adejumobi","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v14i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v14i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Obsolete mobile phones form a major component of the e-waste stream. The Printed wiring boards (PWBs) of mobile phones are packed with economic and toxic metals. Regulatory bodies such as Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directives regulate the amount of these toxic metals in electrical and electronic equipment. This study is aimed at evaluating selected critical metals present in PWBs of three popular brands of discarded mobile phones used in Nigeria to understudy the behaviour of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) regarding toxicity, economic potentials, and level of compliance with international initiatives by regulatory bodies to reduce the level of toxic metals in electronic equipment. PWBs obtained from 60 discarded mobile phones of 3 popular mobile phone brands used in Nigeria were chopped into smaller particles, extracted according to EPA 3050B method, and analysed using the Inductive Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry technique. It was observed that Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu, had the highest concentration range across all brands studied. Notable toxic metals such as Pb, Cd, Cr, and As have mean and standard deviation values of 0.43±0.38 mg/kg, 0.62±0.160 mg/kg, 5.16±1.06 mg/kg, and 84.97±13.83 mg/kg respectively. Economic metals: Cu, Ag, and Au had mean and standard deviation values of 80.37±16.89 mg/kg, 2.12±0.43 mg/kg, and 0.95±0.19 mg/kg respectively. Results from the study indicate that PWBs of mobile phones are a perfect secondary source of a large variety of metals vital for the recycling industry. Also, the low levels of toxic metals suggest that some OEMs are already adopting the 'design-for-environment' option. Therefore, PWBs studied seem eco-friendly; however, need to be handled with care as there are still some toxic metals of concern not determined in this study. ","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139789162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Land-use and its implication on physicochemical parameters of groundwater: Evidence from Ikenne Local Government Area, Ogun State 土地利用及其对地下水理化参数的影响：来自奥贡州伊肯内地方政府地区的证据

Environmental Technology and Science Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.4314/etsj.v14i2.3

O.P. Akinpelu, A.A. Adewunmi

{"title":"Land-use and its implication on physicochemical parameters of groundwater: Evidence from Ikenne Local Government Area, Ogun State","authors":"O.P. Akinpelu, A.A. Adewunmi","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v14i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v14i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater is essentially the major source of fresh water and used widely for drinking purpose. In any given area, groundwater within an aquifer, or groundwater produced by a well, has some vulnerability to contamination from human activities. Therefore, information on human activities that leads to contamination of groundwater is important. Such information can aid in the choice of proper locations for certain activities, so that the adverse effects on groundwater are minimized and protection of groundwater achieved. Against this background, the study examines land-use and its implications on physiochemical properties of groundwater in Ikenne Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. The study obtains and analyses the existing land-use maps. Water samples were collected for laboratory test to benchmark physicochemical parameters based on World Health Organisation standards. Water Quality Index (WQI) was used to determine groundwater quality. Findings from analyses of land-use map show that residential landuse has highest percentage in Iperu (79.9%) and Ilishan (52.8%) towns, while industrial land-use constitutes the least, representing for 0.6% and 1.9% in Iperu and Ilishan respectively. The study found that WQI for Ilishan I (39.4), II (33.5), III (43.8) and Iperu I (32.9), II (31.4) was of good quality, while Iperu III (19.4) was excellent. ANOVA results of F = 0.596 and p > 0.05 established that there is no statistical significant variation in the physiochemical properties of groundwater. It can be concluded that absence of land-uses that generate contaminants reduce the likelihood of groundwater contamination. Therefore, strategies for effective implementation of zoning regulations should be put in place by relevant government agency. ","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139790071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Plastic Waste Management on the Environment: A review 塑料废物管理对环境的影响：综述

Environmental Technology and Science Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.4314/etsj.v14i2.8

A.N. Abimbola, V.O. Adejumobi, O.C. Aribisala, E.O. Oyeniyi

{"title":"Influence of Plastic Waste Management on the Environment: A review","authors":"A.N. Abimbola, V.O. Adejumobi, O.C. Aribisala, E.O. Oyeniyi","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v14i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v14i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Plastics have become a modern-day nuisance to the environment and man due to improper management at their end-of-life. The structure and additives in fossil-based plastics make them non-biodegradable and, therefore, can persist in the environment for hundreds of years. Since a small percentage of plastic waste is recycled annually (9%) most of this plastic waste is being managed by open-air incineration or disposal in landfills where these additives can easily contaminate the air, soil, and water apart from the fact that a lot of these plastic waste find their way into our water bodies resulting to a lot of harm to the Eco-system. Recycling of plastic is an effective means of tackling the menace of plastic pollution, with chemical recycling as the most effective recycling process as it completely removes the waste plastic from the environment. Manufacturing and use of bioplastics like Polylactic acid, a good substitute for fossil-based polymer polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is a welcome development with the People’s Republic of China championing in the production. Legislative tools have been enacted in countries across the globe banning the use and manufacturing of single-use plastic bags. The implementation of this legislative move has been effective in some countries like the People’s Republic of China, Morocco, and Rwanda. Nigeria enacted the Plastic prohibition bill banning the manufacturing, use, and importation of all plastic bags in May 2019. This ban does not affect the behavioral and plastic management system in Nigeria as plastic bags are still used in cities across the country, littered in waterways and landfills. Therefore, there is a need to review the bill to include waste generation and management. Emphasis should also be placed on the production, and use of cost-effective bioplastic polymers and products ","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":"317 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Land-use and its implication on physicochemical parameters of groundwater: Evidence from Ikenne Local Government Area, Ogun State 土地利用及其对地下水理化参数的影响：来自奥贡州伊肯内地方政府地区的证据

Environmental Technology and Science Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.4314/etsj.v14i2.3

O.P. Akinpelu, A.A. Adewunmi

{"title":"Land-use and its implication on physicochemical parameters of groundwater: Evidence from Ikenne Local Government Area, Ogun State","authors":"O.P. Akinpelu, A.A. Adewunmi","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v14i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v14i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater is essentially the major source of fresh water and used widely for drinking purpose. In any given area, groundwater within an aquifer, or groundwater produced by a well, has some vulnerability to contamination from human activities. Therefore, information on human activities that leads to contamination of groundwater is important. Such information can aid in the choice of proper locations for certain activities, so that the adverse effects on groundwater are minimized and protection of groundwater achieved. Against this background, the study examines land-use and its implications on physiochemical properties of groundwater in Ikenne Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. The study obtains and analyses the existing land-use maps. Water samples were collected for laboratory test to benchmark physicochemical parameters based on World Health Organisation standards. Water Quality Index (WQI) was used to determine groundwater quality. Findings from analyses of land-use map show that residential landuse has highest percentage in Iperu (79.9%) and Ilishan (52.8%) towns, while industrial land-use constitutes the least, representing for 0.6% and 1.9% in Iperu and Ilishan respectively. The study found that WQI for Ilishan I (39.4), II (33.5), III (43.8) and Iperu I (32.9), II (31.4) was of good quality, while Iperu III (19.4) was excellent. ANOVA results of F = 0.596 and p > 0.05 established that there is no statistical significant variation in the physiochemical properties of groundwater. It can be concluded that absence of land-uses that generate contaminants reduce the likelihood of groundwater contamination. Therefore, strategies for effective implementation of zoning regulations should be put in place by relevant government agency. ","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":"114 1-3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139849703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Establishment and Evaluation of Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) Calibration Baseline 建立和评估电子距离测量（EDM）校准基线

Environmental Technology and Science Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.4314/etsj.v14i2.13

A.M. Gbedu, Y. Opaluwa, N. Zitta, I.C. Onuigbo

引用次数: 0

Socioeconomic Predictors of Users’ Satisfaction with Neighbourhood Facilities in Public Residential Estates in Akure, Nigeria 尼日利亚阿库雷公共住宅区用户对邻里设施满意度的社会经济预测因素

Environmental Technology and Science Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.4314/etsj.v14i2.4

A. A. Fakere, O. F. Duke-Henshaw

{"title":"Socioeconomic Predictors of Users’ Satisfaction with Neighbourhood Facilities in Public Residential Estates in Akure, Nigeria","authors":"A. A. Fakere, O. F. Duke-Henshaw","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v14i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v14i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The state of neighbourhood facilities in public housing estates play important roles in determining how the residents perceive such facilities. However, when socioeconomic characteristics of users of housing environments are not considered in the planning, it could lead to dissatisfaction with such facilities. Thus, this study aims at evaluating the effects of socioeconomic characteristics on satisfaction with neighbourhood facilities. It adopts a cross-sectional survey of three-hundred and one (301) housing units using structured questionnaire and direct observations in three public housing estates in Akure namely: Ijapo, Alagbaka and Oba-Ile Housing Estates. Data obtained were analyzed using single-factor descriptive analysis, Mean Satisfaction Scoring and Categorical Regression Analysis to examine the effects of socioeconomic factors on users’ satisfaction with neighborhood facilities. The findings showed that religious centres had the highest rating in all aspects of the study in the study estates, while fire service station was rated the least. Three of the independent variables significantly explained satisfaction while the model generally predicted satisfaction with neighbourhood facilities in this context. The model explained 34.9% of the variance in the level of satisfaction with Multiple R2 of 0.349. The study recommended that developers, policy makers, architects and government agencies that manage the housing estates should ensure that, in planning public residential estates, the residents’ socioeconomic characteristics should be considered because it can enhance satisfaction particularly as it pertains to neighbourhood facilities. ","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139789583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are Holidays or Festive Periods to blame for Seasonal Spikes in Road Traffic Accidents in Nigeria? 尼日利亚道路交通事故的季节性高峰应归咎于节假日还是节日期间？

Environmental Technology and Science Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.4314/etsj.v14i2.15

W. Morenikeji, H.D. Musa, E. Michael, S. Medayese

{"title":"Are Holidays or Festive Periods to blame for Seasonal Spikes in Road Traffic Accidents in Nigeria?","authors":"W. Morenikeji, H.D. Musa, E. Michael, S. Medayese","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v14i2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v14i2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, citizens have characteristically viewed festive and holiday seasons in Nigeria as a period when there are spikes in traffic and road crashes. These spike in road crashes have been ascribed to some spiritual or mystical powers which often possess the road ways especially the intercity or highways within the country. The paper examined the impact of holiday and festive periods on the recorded road traffic accident cases in Nigeria for a period ten years (2012 – 2021) using weekly data obtained from the Federal Road Safety Corps Office, the research adopted exploratory data analysis conducted on the Road Traffic accidents data suggests that the data is not normally distributed (Shapiro-Wilk = 0.94, p = .002) hence Kruskal-Wallis test -a non-parametric statistics equivalent of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was adopted for test of difference. The aim was to isolate the actual period when road accidents occurred most between ordinary day, non-festive holiday and festive holiday periods. National holiday and festive dates were marked on the data sheet and a hypothesis was tested. A Kruskal-Wallis test was conducted to compare the median ranks of three groups: Festive Holiday, Non- holiday, and Non Festive Holiday. The test revealed a significant difference among the groups (χ2(2) = 11.02, p = .004.). Post hoc tests using the Dunn-Bonferroni method showed that Festive Holiday (FH) and Non-holiday (NH) groups had a significantly different median rank (KW = 58.38, Mdn_FH = 220, Mdn_NH = 180, adj.p = .007). Similarly, the Festive Holiday and Non Festive Holiday (NFH) groups had a significantly different median rank (KW = 84.16, Mdn_FH = 220, Mdn_NFH = 177.5, adj. p = .017). However, there was no significant difference in median rank (Mdn) between Non-holiday and Non Festive Holiday groups (KW = 25.77, Mdn_NH = 180, Mdn_NFH = 177.5, adj. p = .948). The study concluded that most road traffic accidents occur during festive holidays.","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":"41 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139847601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Socioeconomic Predictors of Users’ Satisfaction with Neighbourhood Facilities in Public Residential Estates in Akure, Nigeria 尼日利亚阿库雷公共住宅区用户对邻里设施满意度的社会经济预测因素

Environmental Technology and Science Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.4314/etsj.v14i2.4

A. A. Fakere, O. F. Duke-Henshaw

{"title":"Socioeconomic Predictors of Users’ Satisfaction with Neighbourhood Facilities in Public Residential Estates in Akure, Nigeria","authors":"A. A. Fakere, O. F. Duke-Henshaw","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v14i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v14i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The state of neighbourhood facilities in public housing estates play important roles in determining how the residents perceive such facilities. However, when socioeconomic characteristics of users of housing environments are not considered in the planning, it could lead to dissatisfaction with such facilities. Thus, this study aims at evaluating the effects of socioeconomic characteristics on satisfaction with neighbourhood facilities. It adopts a cross-sectional survey of three-hundred and one (301) housing units using structured questionnaire and direct observations in three public housing estates in Akure namely: Ijapo, Alagbaka and Oba-Ile Housing Estates. Data obtained were analyzed using single-factor descriptive analysis, Mean Satisfaction Scoring and Categorical Regression Analysis to examine the effects of socioeconomic factors on users’ satisfaction with neighborhood facilities. The findings showed that religious centres had the highest rating in all aspects of the study in the study estates, while fire service station was rated the least. Three of the independent variables significantly explained satisfaction while the model generally predicted satisfaction with neighbourhood facilities in this context. The model explained 34.9% of the variance in the level of satisfaction with Multiple R2 of 0.349. The study recommended that developers, policy makers, architects and government agencies that manage the housing estates should ensure that, in planning public residential estates, the residents’ socioeconomic characteristics should be considered because it can enhance satisfaction particularly as it pertains to neighbourhood facilities. ","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":"54 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139849402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

African Traditional Arts and Ornamentation in the Architecture of the Cultural Centre Ibadan 伊巴丹文化中心建筑中的非洲传统艺术和装饰品

Environmental Technology and Science Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.4314/etsj.v14i2.2

O.M. Olaniyan, F.B. Egunjobi, A. Adegoke

{"title":"African Traditional Arts and Ornamentation in the Architecture of the Cultural Centre Ibadan","authors":"O.M. Olaniyan, F.B. Egunjobi, A. Adegoke","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v14i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v14i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Art and architecture have been intertwined throughout history. Art in its various forms has played a vital role in the lives of African people as evident in their architecture. The paper reviewed the African visual culture with respect to ornamentation in the built environment as well as the variations of cultural heritage in the anthropogenic sense. The study adopted a qualitative approach using the case study method with the selection of the Cultural Centre Ibadan. The 1977 Second World Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture (FESTAC 77) held in Lagos, Nigeria inspired the architecture of the National Theatre in Lagos, and other cultural centres in other cities in Nigeria including the Cultural Centre, Ibadan which exemplified African arts and ornamentation in its façade and spaces. The Cultural Centre Ibadan is a significant masterpiece adorned with African traditional arts and ornamentation. It embodies a bold fusion of art and architecture evident in the intricate sculptural reliefs that beautify its walls, the wooden and metal ornamentation embellishing its halls and lobbies, the luscious blend of geometrical forms and shapes in its façade, its harmony with the undulating landscape and the concrete anthropomorphic sculptural pieces that welcome guests into the entrance quadrangle. The themes of the arts and ornamentation of the Cultural Centre Ibadan reflect traditional Yoruba cultural festivals, philosophical and religious motifs that has transformed the building into a cultural heritage. Artfully embellished architecture with symbolic meanings like the Cultural Centre Ibadan affords the dividends of cultural emancipation, cultural renaissance and cultural preservation. The interweaving of art and architecture in public buildings should be promoted. ","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":"403 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139847999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Post Disaster Housing Reconstruction in Lokoja-Nigeria: Major Problems Experienced and the Way Forward 尼日利亚洛科贾的灾后住房重建：遇到的主要问题和前进方向

Environmental Technology and Science Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.4314/etsj.v14i2.12

A. Adaji, S. Mohamed, T.A. Sani, M. Marafa, U.A. Enape, A. Dauda

{"title":"Post Disaster Housing Reconstruction in Lokoja-Nigeria: Major Problems Experienced and the Way Forward","authors":"A. Adaji, S. Mohamed, T.A. Sani, M. Marafa, U.A. Enape, A. Dauda","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v14i2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v14i2.12","url":null,"abstract":"There is an observable increase in the frequency of natural disasters (floods) in recent times and the appalling nature of destruction emanating from natural disasters on housing has become a global concern and is putting everyone on their feet to find out strategy to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of post disaster undertakings. Housing reconstruction which is supposed to give succour to the disaster affected people often fail due to some issues. This study considered the major issues that are peculiar to the Post Disaster Housing Reconstruction (PDHR) settings in the study area since each setting is confronted with different impediments. This was done through a self-administration of structured questionnaires to 257 flood victims directly or indirectly involved in the reconstruction projects. Findings indicated unethical conducts of professionals and non-engagement of beneficiaries or communities during reconstruction. These indicators are threats to the success of PDHR projects. Therefore, offering beneficiaries the opportunity to meaningfully contribute in reconstruction affairs that is to shape their lives in terms of housing and livelihoods, will in no small level minimize problems experienced in PDHR. This will deliver a more sustainable and resilient PDHR development where satisfaction and acceptability of the project will be evident, and the donor will have value for his money. ","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139788711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0