Environmental Technology and Science Journal最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Metals in Printed Wiring Boards of Selected Discarded Mobile Phones in Nigeria","authors":"G.U. Adie, A.N. Abimbola, O.C. Aribisala, V.O. Adejumobi","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v14i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v14i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Obsolete mobile phones form a major component of the e-waste stream. The Printed wiring boards (PWBs) of mobile phones are packed  with economic and toxic metals. Regulatory bodies such as Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directives regulate the amount of  these toxic metals in electrical and electronic equipment. This study is aimed at evaluating selected critical metals present in PWBs of  three popular brands of discarded mobile phones used in Nigeria to understudy the behaviour of original equipment manufacturers  (OEMs) regarding toxicity, economic potentials, and level of compliance with international initiatives by regulatory bodies to reduce the  level of toxic metals in electronic equipment. PWBs obtained from 60 discarded mobile phones of 3 popular mobile phone brands used in Nigeria were chopped into smaller particles, extracted according to EPA 3050B method, and analysed using the Inductive Coupled  Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry technique. It was observed that Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu, had the highest concentration range across all  brands studied. Notable toxic metals such as Pb, Cd, Cr, and As have mean and standard deviation values of 0.43±0.38 mg/kg,  0.62±0.160 mg/kg, 5.16±1.06 mg/kg, and 84.97±13.83 mg/kg respectively. Economic metals: Cu, Ag, and Au had mean and standard  deviation values of 80.37±16.89 mg/kg, 2.12±0.43 mg/kg, and 0.95±0.19 mg/kg respectively. Results from the study indicate that PWBs of  mobile phones are a perfect secondary source of a large variety of metals vital for the recycling industry. Also, the low levels of toxic metals suggest that some OEMs are already adopting the 'design-for-environment' option. Therefore, PWBs studied seem eco-friendly;  however, need to be handled with care as there are still some toxic metals of concern not determined in this study. ","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139849169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Chemical Durability of Textured Glass-Coat for Building Application","authors":"A. Adejo, G.A. Samuel","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v14i2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v14i2.10","url":null,"abstract":"The need to assess the chemical properties of coats produced for building applications is of essence, especially in an acidic or alkaline  environment. To determine this property, this study investigates the reactions of textured Glass-coat to chemicals. Samples of textured  glass-coat developed from Post Consumer Glass (PCG) were subjected to Adhesion test (ASTM D3359), pH test (ASTM D5464), Chemical  resistance test (ASTM D3260 and D1308), and Abrasion test (ASTM D4060). Results show an adhesion of 4A and a pH of 8.50 respectively.  The chemical resistance result shows the following: A 5% flick rate was observed when reacted with Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution;  decolouration with the following solutions was observed: Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) 3% decolouration, Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) 5%  decolouration , Potassium hydroxide (KOH) 7% decolouration and NaOH10% decolouration was observed. Also, the analysis show  that the coat exhibits 0.2g abrasion rate. The results from the analysis confirm that the developed textured glass-coat is in line with the  pH standard which ranged from 8–9 (ASTM D5464), significant resistant to acid and base solutions were observed except for HF, NaOH,  KOH and Mg(OH)2 where a negligible flick rate and colouration defects was observed. Also, based on the result, an excellent adhesion  and abrasion properties was established. Finding shows that the developed Glass-coat exhibits excellent resistant to chemical  degradation especially in an acidic situation and it is recommended as a suitable engineering material for building applications. ","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139849998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Plastic Waste Management on the Environment: A review","authors":"A.N. Abimbola, V.O. Adejumobi, O.C. Aribisala, E.O. Oyeniyi","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v14i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v14i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Plastics have become a modern-day nuisance to the environment and man due to improper management at their end-of-life. The  structure and additives in fossil-based plastics make them non-biodegradable and, therefore, can persist in the environment for  hundreds of years. Since a small percentage of plastic waste is recycled annually (9%) most of this plastic waste is being managed by  open-air incineration or disposal in landfills where these additives can easily contaminate the air, soil, and water apart from the fact that a lot of these plastic waste find their way into our water bodies resulting to a lot of harm to the Eco-system. Recycling of plastic is an  effective means of tackling the menace of plastic pollution, with chemical recycling as the most effective recycling process as it  completely removes the waste plastic from the environment. Manufacturing and use of bioplastics like Polylactic acid, a good substitute  for fossil-based polymer polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is a welcome development with the People’s Republic of China championing in  the production. Legislative tools have been enacted in countries across the globe banning the use and manufacturing of single-use  plastic bags. The implementation of this legislative move has been effective in some countries like the People’s Republic of China, Morocco, and Rwanda. Nigeria enacted the Plastic prohibition bill banning the manufacturing, use, and importation of all plastic bags in  May 2019. This ban does not affect the behavioral and plastic management system in Nigeria as plastic bags are still used in cities across  the country, littered in waterways and landfills. Therefore, there is a need to review the bill to include waste generation and management.  Emphasis should also be placed on the production, and use of cost-effective bioplastic polymers and products ","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139788532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysing the Knowledge Management Culture of Construction Firms in Abuja","authors":"O.O. Olubajo","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v14i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v14i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Construction projects are temporal in nature and involves project managers assembling construction professionals that are often  disbanded immediately a project is completed. This disbandment causes construction knowledge that firms accumulate from the  experience of teams to be lost or go uncaptured. This is a concern for firms that need to retain knowledge to remain competitive and  often compete for limited contracts. Research into construction knowledge tends to focus on the relationship between the culture of  organisations and construction knowledge. A second piece of the literature focusses on the nexus between construction knowledge and organisational performance. However, investigations that examine the knowledge management culture in construction firms with a view  to analyse various issues and factors involved is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the knowledge management  culture within organizations in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria. A descriptive survey approach is adopted, and data is  obtained through questionnaires in Abuja. The results showed that many construction firms struggle or fail to formally capture/share  construction knowledge because many employees have little or basic knowledge of knowledge management techniques or tools and  often rely heavily on face-to-face interactions to share knowledge. The study argues that a superior knowledge of as well as an increased  adoption of knowledge management techniques and tools by employees can significantly enhance the ability of an organisation to share  and capture construction knowledge to minimise knowledge loss. ","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139788798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Web3 Technology in Land Ownership Transactions","authors":"K.S. Ilesanmi, S.O. Ayeni, O. Kufoniyi","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v14i2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v14i2.14","url":null,"abstract":"The advantages of publicly distributed, transparent, accountable, traceable, safe, and well organized database ledger has made the  blockchain technology gained popularity and acceptance. As the world keeps growing in the knowledge and the adoption of the  technology, it is very important to practically harness the opportunities in this technology in land administration system to combat the  insecurity, poor database and copyright challenges facing land ownership transactions in the Cadastre System in developing countries.  The aim of this paper is to examine the practicability of harnessing the Web3 Technology in Land Ownership Transactions with an  objective to mint and transact a Registrable Instrument on a cryptographic blockchain. To achieve this, two Non- Fungible Token (NFT)  accounts were created on Core blockchain, two templates of survey plans were also minted into an Art NFT on the same blockchain. The  Minted NFTs were transacted (transferred and sold) between the two accounts on the YoungParrot NFT marketplace. These two  transactions (sales and transfer) were completed, recorded and stored on the blockchain public ledger, with evidence that can be traced  and viewed on the blockchain using the transaction hash/ID. The blockchain transaction was found to be fast, effortless, secured and  organized on the blockchain transaction ledger, hence presenting the Web3 blockchain Technology as a possible solution to the challenges facing the Cadastre System. However, the acceptance of the technology in land administration, land ownership and  transactions still face some other administrative challenges which this paper further addressed.  ","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139850202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Holidays or Festive Periods to blame for Seasonal Spikes in Road Traffic Accidents in Nigeria?","authors":"W. Morenikeji, H.D. Musa, E. Michael, S. Medayese","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v14i2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v14i2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, citizens have characteristically viewed festive and holiday seasons in Nigeria as a period when there are spikes in traffic  and road crashes. These spike in road crashes have been ascribed to some spiritual or mystical powers which often possess the road  ways especially the intercity or highways within the country. The paper examined the impact of holiday and festive periods on the  recorded road traffic accident cases in Nigeria for a period ten years (2012 – 2021) using weekly data obtained from the Federal Road  Safety Corps Office, the research adopted exploratory data analysis conducted on the Road Traffic accidents data suggests that the data  is not normally distributed (Shapiro-Wilk = 0.94, p = .002) hence Kruskal-Wallis test -a non-parametric statistics equivalent of Analysis of  Variance (ANOVA) was adopted for test of difference. The aim was to isolate the actual period when road accidents occurred most  between ordinary day, non-festive holiday and festive holiday periods. National holiday and festive dates were marked on the data sheet  and a hypothesis was tested. A Kruskal-Wallis test was conducted to compare the median ranks of three groups: Festive Holiday, Non- holiday, and Non Festive Holiday. The test revealed a significant difference among the groups (χ2(2) = 11.02, p = .004.). Post hoc tests  using the Dunn-Bonferroni method showed that Festive Holiday (FH) and Non-holiday (NH) groups had a significantly different median  rank (KW = 58.38, Mdn_FH = 220, Mdn_NH = 180, adj.p = .007). Similarly, the Festive Holiday and Non Festive Holiday (NFH) groups had a  significantly different median rank (KW = 84.16, Mdn_FH = 220, Mdn_NFH = 177.5, adj. p = .017). However, there was no significant  difference in median rank (Mdn) between Non-holiday and Non Festive Holiday groups (KW = 25.77, Mdn_NH = 180, Mdn_NFH = 177.5, adj.  p = .948). The study concluded that most road traffic accidents occur during festive holidays.","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139788105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of BIM Implementation Process in the Operation and Maintenance of Information Management System in Building Facilities","authors":"I.M. Jibrin, M.A. Shehu, S.I Abubakar, B.O. Akpobasa, F.S. Abdullah","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v14i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v14i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The appalling state of building facilities in Nigeria, poses a great concern to stakeholders. This stems from lack of adequate information  management in the operation and maintenance of building facilities. Therefore, the study is aimed at assessing the application of BIM  implementation process in the operation and maintenance of information management system in building facilities. The study made use  of a quantitative research approach, making the population for the study to encompass facility management practitioners (Onsite Facility  Engineers, Onsite Facility Technicians, Facility Management Professionals [IFMA] and Facility Management Company owners) who are  fully registered with International Facility Management Association (IFMA) in Abuja-Nigeria. The sample size for the study is 184 and the  respondents were selected by a systematic random sampling method with a close ended questionnaire used for the data collection. The  questionnaire is administered via Google forms; and questionnaires shared through the google form link were answered and the results  were collected through google response tools, and 121 copies of the questionnaire were duly filled, returned and used for data analysis. The result shows that the implementation of BIM in operation and maintenance of facilities is very low as manual and stand-alone  computer system are still predominant in most of the operations carried out by the practitioners and the stakeholders. The study further  revealed that Improvement in asset information management that lead to increased efficiency of facility assets is significantly affect by  the operational system. The result also shows that Facility managers are traditionally included late in the building lifecycle and posed a  high challenge to most practitioners and this has made the application of BIM in operation and maintenance of information management in facility management very negligible, as such the paper suggest that BIM usage in the O&M of buildings should be encouraged and  imbibed right from the planning and designing stages of building facilities. Facility managers/professional should also be included right  from the inception of a building life cycle to the end of the building. ","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":"162 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139849010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethno-religious Conflict in Kaduna, Nigeria: Perceptual implications for Residential Property Development","authors":"V.A. Bello, A.E. Nwosu, E.E. Orji","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v14i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v14i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the causes of ethno-religious conflicts prevalence in Kaduna and its attendant influence on residential property  development decisions in Kaduna, Nigeria. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and administered by trained Assistants  to residential property owners/investors in selected neighbourhoods of Kaduna North and Kaduna South. A total of 5,439 questionnaires  were administered to respondents (Property Owners/Investors) and 3,431 was retrieved. This includes 1,608 from Kaduna North and 1,823 from Kaduna South representing a total of 63.08% response rate. Quantitative data obtained from the questionnaires were  analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The findings indicate that in Kaduna North, the incessant ethno-religious  conflicts in the area, resulted to problems associated with low occupancy ratio occasioned which is a consequence of voids in many  completed residential properties in the area, negatively affected investment decisions (B = 1.275, p = 0.049). In Kaduna South, the  incessant conflicts in the area resulted to more significant problems which negatively affected residential property investment decisions including property loss due to violent attacks (B = -1.102, p < 0.001), limited access to financing (B = -3.392, p < 0.001), overall insecurity in  the location (B = -1.816, p < 0.001), low property demand (B = 9.269, p < 0.001), and challenges with disposal and attracting quality  tenants/occupants/buyers (B = -7.029, p < 0.001). The study recommends the need for strengthened security measures, improved access  to financing, peace-building initiatives, infrastructure development, market support and capacity building. These findings provide  valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in residential property development ventures in developing targeted strategies to  promote sustainable residential property development in Kaduna.","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":"68 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139850169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curtailing the Environmental Impact of Waste Plastics through Re-use for Sustainable Paving Stone Manufacture in Kinshasa City","authors":"M. Weya, M.A. Tabu, K. Taba, L.C. Mesongolo, E.D. Musibono, K.H. Mbuyi, M.E. Biey","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v14i2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v14i2.11","url":null,"abstract":"In Kinshasa, attacks on the environment and human well-being continue to increase with the accumulation of thermoplastic waste (LDPE,  HDPE and PET) mainly produced. Collected in unsanitary landfills, this waste pollutes the environment with all the consequences  on health. This study makes it possible to reduce the socio-environmental impacts of thermoplastic waste by reusing them for the  manufacture of paving stones for the sanitation of Kinshasa. Specifically, it initiates the collection of thermoplastic waste, recycling  techniques for the production of paving stones and raising awareness among Citizens and Decision-Makers of the importance of their  management. Thus, a survey questionnaire was administered to a sample of 1276 households. The proportions of materials used to  obtain the resistant paving stones are: 60% fine sand, 35% LDPE and HDPE and 5% PET. Melted at 200°C, the thermoplastics are mixed  with sand until a homogeneous paste is obtained to be poured into moulds prearranged on a metal table. The consolidated pavers are  removed from the mould after 45 minutes using a hammer. The results obtained show that 4% of households manage their waste better  and that 96% contribute to plastic pollution. 87.1% of households denounce the harmful effects of thermoplastics on the environment  and point out the clogging of gutters (28.4%), the pollution of space (25%) and the pollution of rivers (16.5%). Twenty-two pavers with an  average weight of 1953.33 ± 6.22 gr are manufactured. The weight loss of the materials is 14.2% (7.1 kg). The compressive strength of the  pavers is 32.74 ± 0.94 N/mm². In short, reducing the socio-environmental impacts of thermoplastic waste in Kinshasa is complex and  requires a multidimensional approach with the efforts of all stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139850424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and Evaluation of Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) Calibration Baseline","authors":"A.M. Gbedu, Y. Opaluwa, N. Zitta, I.C. Onuigbo","doi":"10.4314/etsj.v14i2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v14i2.13","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":442092,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology and Science Journal","volume":"167 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139849189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}