{"title":"“Framed in Wax”: Fiction as Artificial Experience in The Duchess of Malfi","authors":"J. Mann","doi":"10.1086/721065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721065","url":null,"abstract":"E arly modern theories of fiction, to quote Heraclitus’ famous aphorism about nature, love to hide. Many of the most exciting theoretical explorations of fiction from the period are to be found in texts that pretend to be doing something else. Literary scholars are adept at finding the self-reflexive critical epitomes hiding in early modern poetry, drama, and imaginative prose. Formative examples include Philip Sidney’s lyric engagement with the problem of invention in the first sonnet of Astrophil and Stella (c.1582), William Shakespeare’s staged confrontation between the value of art versus nature in The Winter’s Tale (1611), and Margaret Cavendish’s interrelation of reason and fancy as rational parts of matter in The Blazing World (1666). When treated as theoretical works, such literary exempla prompt scholars to conceive of early modern poetic theory as the by-product of poetic craft, rather than the reverse. I propose that","PeriodicalId":44199,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH LITERARY RENAISSANCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47600102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fictions of Human Nature in Early Modern Poetry and Philosophy","authors":"T. Harrison","doi":"10.1086/721061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721061","url":null,"abstract":"P hilosophical fictions inhabit a space of reason removed from the world. This was, at least, the view implied by the Persian philosopher Abū ʿAlı ̄ al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbdallāh ibn Sın̄ā (c.970–1037), who imagined a man created fully mature and suspended in a void. Dubbed the “flying man,” the protagonist of this scenario represents a fusion of fiction and abstraction that isolates the nature of the human soul. This scenario is expounded in Kitab al-Sifa’ (c.1027), part of which was first translated into Latin as Avicenna’s Liber de anima, probably by Ibn Da’ūd and Dominicus Gundissalinus around 1150–1160.Although the flying man’s reception in medieval Arabic, Latin, and European vernaculars is relatively familiar, its importance for early modern English intellectual culture remains largely unexplored. In this essay, I argue that the poet and theologian Thomas Traherne (1636–1674) used Avicenna’s philosophical fiction to represent the birth of his own consciousness in utero, the moment when, as he puts it in “The Salutation,” “I in my mother’s womb was born.” Examining the philosophical reception of Avicenna’s scenario alongside the uses to which Traherne puts it in his poetry, I argue that mimesis—representation","PeriodicalId":44199,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH LITERARY RENAISSANCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46575032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction: Interstitial Fiction","authors":"W. Hyman, Jennifer Waldron","doi":"10.1086/721058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721058","url":null,"abstract":"W hat kind of a “thing,” if anything, is Renaissance fiction? How do artificial creations exist in relation to the real world? How ought we conceptualize the ontological status of a myth, an allegory, a hypothesis, or a thought experiment? And by asking these questions of Renaissance fiction, those fabricated spaces of verse and prose, do we imply that such an answer could possibly be historicized? That is, might Renaissance fiction be—not only formally but also ontologically speaking—a different sort of a thing from the fictions of other eras? Most attempts to approach these questions theorize the fictional by first delineating what fiction is not. For example: it is not real (that’s Plato), it is not of this world (that’s Ernst Cassirer), and it is not a lie (that’s Sir Philip Sidney).Discussing the eighteenth century, Catherine Gallagher proffers that early British novelists “imprisoned and concealed fictionality by locking it inside the confines of the credible,” arguing that fiction’s novelistic form grew out of the “widespread acceptance of verisimilitude as a form of truth, rather than a form of lying.” But for Harry Berger, true fiction’s","PeriodicalId":44199,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH LITERARY RENAISSANCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48628191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In the Mood of Fiction","authors":"C. Rosenfeld","doi":"10.1086/721063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44199,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH LITERARY RENAISSANCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46442668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Utopian Hypothesis","authors":"D. Sarkar","doi":"10.1086/721062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721062","url":null,"abstract":"W hen Isaac Newton declares that he feigns no hypotheses because they are not “deduced from the phenomena,” he marks them as inappropriate to “experimental philosophy.” Many of his followers accentuate his criticism, labeling hypothesis a “dangerous and unscientific product of an unregulated imagination.” By wedding it to imagination— whichwas often associatedwith falsehood and insubstantiality—these criticisms strip hypothesis of its intellectual value and belie the reality that it was a vital component of scientific methods. To underscore its importance in the inductive sciences, by contrast, William Whewell declares in the nineteenth century that the hypothesis “should be close to the facts,” and that the “philosopher should be ready to resign it as soon as the facts","PeriodicalId":44199,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH LITERARY RENAISSANCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47330426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent Studies of Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke (1999–2020)","authors":"M. Hannay, Katherine R. Larson, C. Duncan","doi":"10.1086/719060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719060","url":null,"abstract":"This essay surveys criticism on Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke, from 1999 until 2020. Work in this area has continued to expand over the past two decades along with broader establishment of the field of early modern women’s writing. Shifting away from biographically centered analyses, recent scholarship has demonstrated the formal and stylistic innovation, rich intertextuality, and material history of Pembroke’s writings, as well as Pembroke’s literary influence and the creative significance of her editorial work. Pembroke’s writings also foreground important issues related to form, genre, and textual transmission in the early modern context, including musical performance. The essay concludes by outlining some areas for further work. Pembroke’s engagement with transnational networks warrants further exploration, as does the question of how Pembroke scholarship might further contribute to field-changing conversations about race in premodern studies. Digital scholarship has the potential to further illuminate the complex circulation and reception history of Pembroke’s writings; future scholarly and pedagogical work on Pembroke will likely also be shaped by online tools and modalities expanded during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent studies that have demonstrated how Pembroke’s writings complicate established categories of gender, form, and authorial and editorial practice are also opening up important avenues for further study in relation to book history, the new formalism, and gender and queer studies. [M.H., K.L., C.D.]","PeriodicalId":44199,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH LITERARY RENAISSANCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42191800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emblematic Tabernacles in John Donne, John Milton, and the Antwerp Polyglot Bible","authors":"Tamara A. Goeglein","doi":"10.1086/719059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719059","url":null,"abstract":"The tabernacle became an early modern European emblem in the works of John Donne, John Milton, and the Antwerp Polyglot Bible (1568–1573). An emblem had long been understood as a mosaic artwork rather than the word-and-image genre it came to be in Renaissance emblem books. The emblematic tabernacles are mosaic: they are inlaid, three-dimensional, objets d’art that express the ongoing Divine Presence in the post-Tridentine world of their makers. The centerpiece of my essay is a substantial analysis of the Antwerp Polyglot Bible’s emblematic tabernacle, which was based in a Christian Hebraist interpretation of the tabernacle in the Book of Exodus and inflected by the emblematic mindsets of its creators. This Bible includes a neo-Latin treatise on the tabernacle and an engraving of it: both are crucial for understanding its tabernacle-as-emblem as well as understanding Donne’s and Milton’s. All their emblematic tabernacles engage the transmission of the Divine Presence from Mount Sinai, through the Word-Made-Flesh in Christ, to the doctrinal controversies in their own post-Tridentine Europe. All figure Scripture or scriptural exegesis. And all resonate with the biblical tabernacle and reverberate with issues of sacred philology important to Christian humanists, both Roman Catholic and Protestant. [T.G.]","PeriodicalId":44199,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH LITERARY RENAISSANCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43537188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ridiculous Subjects: Coriolanus, Popular Representation, and the Roman Tribunes in Early Modern Drama","authors":"A. S. Brown","doi":"10.1086/719058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719058","url":null,"abstract":"This essay argues that the famously ambivalent treatment of popular representation in William Shakespeare’s Coriolanus (1608) is rooted in the play’s examination of a specific class of political representative: the plebeian tribunes of ancient Rome. It begins by tracing the extensive and deeply polarized reception of these officers in English prose before discussing their role in several earlier plays by Shakespeare and his contemporaries. In both print and performance, the imagined figure of the tribune lent historical specificity and human weight to early modern debates about the abstract idea of popular representation, increasingly understood during the period as a political structure through which the material needs of the common people—and perhaps even their distinctive habits or ways of living—might be integrated into government without plunging it into the chaos of direct popular rule. Guided by these contemporary engagements with the tribunate, the essay demonstrates that the tribunes of Coriolanus neither straightforwardly defend nor subvert the political agency of the play’s Roman citizens. Instead, the play advances a more self-reflexive, theatricalized vision of popular representation that opened up new intellectual and aesthetic avenues for exploring this topic in the following decades. [A.B.]","PeriodicalId":44199,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH LITERARY RENAISSANCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44498741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Plays-Within to Players Without: Theatrical Hospitality in Hamlet and Sir Thomas More","authors":"K. Blankenau","doi":"10.1086/719056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719056","url":null,"abstract":"Much scholarly attention has been paid, deservedly, to the metatheatrical device of the play-within-the-play. However, in this essay I attend to the scenes surrounding the play-within, in which traveling players are received and made welcome. I suggest that the repeated representation of hosts welcoming uninvited players constitutes a distinct metatheatrical device, which I term the theatrical hospitality scenario. By staging the theatrical hospitality scenario, early modern plays theorized various ways that the professional theater might (and might not) fit into different forms of hosting and guesting that fell under the aegis of early modern hospitality. Using Sir Thomas More and Hamlet as primary examples, I demonstrate that the theatrical hospitality scenario offered a discursive testing ground in which to negotiate the place of professional entertainment both within, and in opposition to, dominant notions of sociable and charitable hospitality. In Sir Thomas More, the theatrical hospitality scenario complicates the form of hosting depicted in earlier scenes of an anti-immigration riot, while in Hamlet it deconstructs the meaning of “welcome.” Across these and other examples, I argue, playwrights deployed the theatrical hospitality scenario not only as a form of pro-theatrical defense, but also to intervene in ethical questions about the meaning of hospitality itself. [K.B.]","PeriodicalId":44199,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH LITERARY RENAISSANCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46478087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Relics of Hippolytus in Spenser’s Faerie Queene","authors":"Jeff Espie, D. Adkins","doi":"10.1086/719055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719055","url":null,"abstract":"This essay argues that Edmund Spenser makes a major intervention in the Renaissance reception of the Hippolytus myth: he joins the classical imitation of humanist poetics with the theological arguments of the post-Reformation Church. Spenser forms his Hippolytus story from familiar sources, including Virgil’s Aeneid, Ovid’s Metamorphoses, and Boccaccio’s Genealogia deorum gentilium. But he also owes, as we show, a significant, underestimated debt to Seneca’s Phaedra. Spenser derives from it a language of fragmentation and tragedy relevant for both the inset narrative in Faerie Queene I.v.37–40, as well as the book’s larger representation of Redcrosse’s spiritual renewal. Spenser develops his revision of Seneca, we suggest, through the mediation of Prudentius, who in Peristephanon XI had already combined Hippolytus’ classical with his Christian significance. Prudentius adapts Seneca’s Phaedra to narrate the dismemberment of St. Hippolytus, a third-century martyr whose bodily reliquiae were enshrined in Rome’s catacombs. Like Prudentius for a late antique Spenser rewrites the Hippolytus story for the Reformed Church, representing a second Hippolytus no longer worthy of veneration. The result is a Spenserian myth more capacious in its classicism and theology than scholarship has acknowledged previously. Revising Senecan tragedy and Prudentian martyrology, Spenser extends his imitation beyond the familiar sources of Augustan poetry, his critique beyond the familiar target of Roman Catholic works. [J.E., D.A.]","PeriodicalId":44199,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH LITERARY RENAISSANCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48572985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}