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Youth Transport, Mobility and Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Gendered Journey to School 撒哈拉以南非洲的青年交通、流动性和安全:性别化的上学之旅
World Transport Policy and Practice Pub Date : 2010-05-01 DOI: 10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/II227
G. Porter, K. Hampshire, A. Abane, A. Munthali, E. Robson, M. Mashiri, Augustine Tanle
{"title":"Youth Transport, Mobility and Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Gendered Journey to School","authors":"G. Porter, K. Hampshire, A. Abane, A. Munthali, E. Robson, M. Mashiri, Augustine Tanle","doi":"10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/II227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/II227","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports on a study of the gender differences in children's journeys to school in sub-Saharan Africa. The authors draw on empirical data from a three-country study (Ghana, Malawi, South Africa) of young people’s mobility. They note that gender differences in school enrollment and attendance in Africa are well established: education statistics in many countries indicate that girls’ participation in formal education is often substantially lower than boys’, especially at secondary school level. Transport and mobility issues are an important piece of this phenomenon, though the precise patterning of the transportation and mobility constraints experienced by girl schoolchildren, and the ways in which transport factors interact with other constraints, varies from region to region. In some contexts, the journey to school represents a particularly hazardous enterprise for girls because they face a serious threat of rape. In other cases girls’ journeys to school and school attendance are hampered by Africa’s transportation gap and cultural conventions which require females to take on this burden (by pedestrian head loading) before leaving for (or instead of attending) school. The authors draw principally on a survey questionnaire conducted in each country with approximately 1000 children aged 7-18 years across 8 sites. They draw attention to the diversity of gendered travel experiences across geographical locations (paying attention to associated patterns of transport provision) and to explore the implications of these findings for access to education. The article concludes with a section of suggestions regarding areas where policy intervention could be beneficial. They call for a stronger emphasis on gendered transport, mobility and access issues in the development policy and practitioner community.","PeriodicalId":441567,"journal":{"name":"World Transport Policy and Practice","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121656760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH FROM A SOUTHERN EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE 南欧视角下的道路建设与经济增长
World Transport Policy and Practice Pub Date : 1996-04-01 DOI: 10.1108/13527619610129539
G. Silvestrini
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引用次数: 1
PLACEBO OR PANACEA? RURAL TRANSPORT CORRIDORS: SOME SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 安慰剂还是万灵药?农村交通走廊:一些社会和环境问题
World Transport Policy and Practice Pub Date : 1996-04-01 DOI: 10.1108/13527619610129511
A. Root, W. Fielding
{"title":"PLACEBO OR PANACEA? RURAL TRANSPORT CORRIDORS: SOME SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES","authors":"A. Root, W. Fielding","doi":"10.1108/13527619610129511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/13527619610129511","url":null,"abstract":"Travel poverty, defined as \"inadequate access to choice in relation to travel\", is faced by those who cannot travel as much as they would like, or who have inadequate local amenities, reducing options about travel. The context for this study is increasing rural car use and by policies which directly or indirectly promote it, damaging the quality of life and the environment and lessening the safety of public space. Presents evidence from a study of two rural villages indicating that the development of public trans- port corridors might, in some circumstances and to some extent, meet sustainability (i.e. environmental, equity and participation) objectives. Also discusses possible limits to the effectiveness and potential disadvantages of developing rural public trans- port corridors. Raises the particular effectiveness of rail corridors in meeting environ- mental objectives.","PeriodicalId":441567,"journal":{"name":"World Transport Policy and Practice","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124483819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
A PATH OUT OF THE WILDERNESS 一条走出荒野的小路
World Transport Policy and Practice Pub Date : 1996-04-01 DOI: 10.1108/13527619610129494
A. Witherby
{"title":"A PATH OUT OF THE WILDERNESS","authors":"A. Witherby","doi":"10.1108/13527619610129494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/13527619610129494","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the activity of transport planning. Transport planning is a specialized subset of the more general activity of urban and regional planning. However, while the land use side of urban and regional planning has struggled, somewhat introspectively, with theories of planning, transport planning has paid significantly more attention to theories in planning. In large part this is a natural consequence of the discipline's strong intersection with engineering. The rationalist, objective techniques that underlie the activity of transport planning as we have seen it develop historically since the 1960s, are to do with the city as a machine. The implication is that it can be modelled, predicted, manipulated. It is also this intersection with engineering which gave transport planning a significantly more durable and clearly defined core of technique when compared to its cousin discipline, land use planning. (A)","PeriodicalId":441567,"journal":{"name":"World Transport Policy and Practice","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124014182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
THE IMPACT OF IMPROVED FERRY SERVICES ON AN ISLAND ECONOMY: THE CASE OF MULL 渡轮服务改善对岛屿经济的影响:以马尔为例
World Transport Policy and Practice Pub Date : 1996-04-01 DOI: 10.1108/13527619610129485
H. Begg
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF IMPROVED FERRY SERVICES ON AN ISLAND ECONOMY: THE CASE OF MULL","authors":"H. Begg","doi":"10.1108/13527619610129485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/13527619610129485","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":441567,"journal":{"name":"World Transport Policy and Practice","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115384831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Car-free households : who lives without an automobile today? 无车家庭:今天谁的生活没有汽车?
World Transport Policy and Practice Pub Date : 1996-04-01 DOI: 10.1108/EUM0000000004273
Ulrike Reutter, Oscar Reutter
{"title":"Car-free households : who lives without an automobile today?","authors":"Ulrike Reutter, Oscar Reutter","doi":"10.1108/EUM0000000004273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004273","url":null,"abstract":"Many people have come to recognize private motor vehicle traffic as being one of the major driving forces behind declining environmental and residential qualities in the cities. Rising numbers of motor vehicles and increases in the mileage covered by privately owned vehicles bring with them growing accident risk, land consumption, soil contamination, overall resource depletion and energy use with the concomitant CO2 problems, wastes in the manufacture and disposal of automobiles, and noise and air pollution. The countenance of the city and the quality of life in cities both suffer. Conventional strategies for solving such problems, including widespread traffic calming or optimizing motor vehicle technology, are approaching the limits of their efficacy. They do indeed reduce the stress on the environment but the gains are more than offset by increasing loads emanating from an unbroken rise in the numbers of vehicles and volume of travel. This makes it necessary to abandon a taboo in our thinking and instead develop planning concepts aimed at reducing the number of automobiles. In this effort regional urban and traffic planning should provide incentives to those households which even today do without an automobile and encourage those who are considering eliminating a car now on hand in the household so that they will actually relinquish that vehicle. (A)","PeriodicalId":441567,"journal":{"name":"World Transport Policy and Practice","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130934315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Assessing traffic-generated "dread" risk 评估交通产生的“恐惧”风险
World Transport Policy and Practice Pub Date : 1996-04-01 DOI: 10.1108/13527619610129476
A. Hallsworth, C. Black, David Evans, R. Tolley
{"title":"Assessing traffic-generated \"dread\" risk","authors":"A. Hallsworth, C. Black, David Evans, R. Tolley","doi":"10.1108/13527619610129476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/13527619610129476","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the authors focus on the problems generated by the propensity of British parents to take their children to school by car. This is an example of how, while people \"think global\" in the face of common environmental problems, they also \"act local\", producing local outcomes that can vary considerably. The numbers of children being driven to school in Britain are well ahead of those in other countries despite there ostensibly being a common awareness of Dread Risk (Slovic, 1987) from car-borne pollutants. Clearly, common problems are mediated by local circumstance; but how to analyse the problem? Since Slovic put car-generated risks alongside other major risks including nuclear war, and since reactions to nuclear war risk have been well documented, the authors seek in this paper to draw some analogies. (A)","PeriodicalId":441567,"journal":{"name":"World Transport Policy and Practice","volume":"353 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124470561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
FREIGHT TRANSPORT, FOOD PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION IN THE USA AND EUROPE (OR, HOW FAR CAN YOU SHIP A BUNCH OF ONIONS IN THE USA?) 美国和欧洲的货运、食品生产和消费(或者，一堆洋葱在美国能运多远?)
World Transport Policy and Practice Pub Date : 1996-04-01 DOI: 10.1108/13527619610129520
Stefanie Böge
{"title":"FREIGHT TRANSPORT, FOOD PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION IN THE USA AND EUROPE (OR, HOW FAR CAN YOU SHIP A BUNCH OF ONIONS IN THE USA?)","authors":"Stefanie Böge","doi":"10.1108/13527619610129520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/13527619610129520","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":441567,"journal":{"name":"World Transport Policy and Practice","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134196114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
ASSESSING THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF CYCLE NETWORKS 评估循环网络的成本和收益
World Transport Policy and Practice Pub Date : 1996-03-01 DOI: 10.1108/13527619610125434
T. Hathway
{"title":"ASSESSING THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF CYCLE NETWORKS","authors":"T. Hathway","doi":"10.1108/13527619610125434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/13527619610125434","url":null,"abstract":"Non-motorized transport can make an important contribu- tion to improving environmen- tal quality and enhancing personal mobility. Too often bicycles are seen as a hin- drance to other traffic and the planning and evaluation of transport proposals often focuses on this negative side and underplays the many indirect benefits. The costs that might accrue if cyclists were to transfer to motor vehicles is not assessed. Research in Pune, India demonstrates that the true benefits of a cycle network far outweigh the costs. Reviews recent approaches to bicycle planning in Europe and Asia, and examines in- depth the cycle network in Pune and assesses its costs and benefits. Analyses the process of evaluation which is used to obtain project funding and recommends an alterna- tive approach to project appraisal.","PeriodicalId":441567,"journal":{"name":"World Transport Policy and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125829308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
THE FUTURE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT: THE DANGERS OF VIEWING POLICY THROUGH ROSE-TINTED SPECTACLES 公共交通的未来:带着玫瑰色眼镜看待政策的危险
World Transport Policy and Practice Pub Date : 1996-03-01 DOI: 10.1108/13527619610125416
M. Hillman
{"title":"THE FUTURE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT: THE DANGERS OF VIEWING POLICY THROUGH ROSE-TINTED SPECTACLES","authors":"M. Hillman","doi":"10.1108/13527619610125416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/13527619610125416","url":null,"abstract":"Improved public transport services are generally viewed as the most effective means of encouraging transfer from the car, especially on urban journeys. Accordingly, substantial public funds are being invested to this end. In this paper the author demonstrates that such an approach achieves little of this transfer. By comparing patterns of travel in Britain and The Netherlands, he shows that the prioritizing of walking and cycling is not only far more effective and cost-effective in achieving the transfer, but also is likely to deliver a wide range of social, health and environmental objectives of public policy additional to those related to transport. There must therefore be a presumption in favour of investment in networks for walking and cycling and in other measures enabling journeys to be made by these non-motorized modes well in advance of investment in public transport. This is an abridged version of the author's paper \"Curbing car use: the dangers of exaggerating the future role of public transport\", Transportation Planning Systems (a Landor Publication), Vol 2 No. 4, October-December 1994.","PeriodicalId":441567,"journal":{"name":"World Transport Policy and Practice","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131637940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
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