American Journal of Business最新文献

{"title":"Entrepreneurial Resilience in the Micro and Small Business Context – Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Santeri Halonen","doi":"10.33423/ajm.v23i4.6495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/ajm.v23i4.6495","url":null,"abstract":"The topic of resilience is increasingly gaining momentum as the world shifts from a crisis to another. The operating environment for micro-enterprises has profoundly and irrevocably changed since the COVID-19 crisis’ landfall and war in Ukraine.
 This systematic literature review based on 36 papers, studies resilience from micro-entrepreneurship perspective focusing on resilience development, the process, and enhancing interventions from intra and interpersonal perspectives.
 The review indicates three different types of resilience domains: process-related (e.g. Ducheck 2017), individual capability (e.g. Demyen, S. 2022, Ducheck 2017) and resource-based (e.g. Bardoel & Drago, 2021). The connecting factor is that resilience is primarily developed in a learning process when facing challenging situations and crises. Building from those experience, the entrepreneur is more prepared to respond the next time.","PeriodicalId":44116,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business","volume":"9 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135316489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childcare Assistance Not a Major Draw for Most Employees","authors":"Darrell Crosgrove, Donald Wedding, Michael Zugelder, Katherine Blandford","doi":"10.33423/ajm.v23i4.6492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/ajm.v23i4.6492","url":null,"abstract":"Employer-provided childcare accommodations by either in-house facilities or subsidies paid to third-party providers can be an expensive employee benefit and may not be considered the most desired accommodation an employer can offer. Changes in employee attitudes toward family and work balance may be a factor. Providing the benefit can cause related financial exposure and lead to resentment from employees who don’t need or want it. Alternative family accommodation of paid leave and flexible scheduling appear more popular. Employers should carefully survey employee attitudes toward the benefit, assess employee composition to determine need and consider alternative accommodations that may be a better fit.","PeriodicalId":44116,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business","volume":"22 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135323006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supply and demand for gender diversity in corporate leadership – the critical mass: evidence from Greece","authors":"Maretno Harjoto","doi":"10.1108/ajb-11-2022-0190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ajb-11-2022-0190","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose This study aims to examine whether a change in the regulatory requirement toward gender quota for corporate leadership significantly affects the demand and therefore, it increases the presence of women directors and women CEOs. Examining the supply-side, the study also examines whether the supply for women directors and women CEOs based on the presence of qualified women who currently hold upper, middle, or lower management positions is positively related with the presence of women directors and women CEOs. Furthermore, based on the critical mass hypothesis, this study examines whether the presence of women CEOs and critical mass for women directors bring significant impacts on firms' financial and environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) performance during the subsequent period. Design/methodology/approach Using the multivariate regression analysis, this study empirically examines the impact of the shift in the demand for women directors and CEOs from the enactment of the Greek Law 4403/2016 on gender quota for corporate leadership. This study also examines the impact of the supply for women in corporate leadership, measured by the percentage of women who hold upper, middle, or lower management positions, on the presence of women directors and CEOs. Then, this study examines the impact of women directors and women CEOs on firms' subsequent financial and ESG performance. Findings Based on a sample of 71 publicly listed Greek firms and 20 Cyprus listed firms as a control group during 2006–2019, the study finds evidence that both the supply-side and the demand-side bring positive effects on greater women participation in corporate boards. However, there is no evidence that the supply and demand affect the presence of women CEOs. The presence of women CEOs has a positive effect on ESG through environmental and social pillars. The study finds evidence to support the critical mass hypothesis that firms with three or more women boards tend to have higher financial and ESG performance. Social implications Understanding the supply and demand for gender diversity in corporate leadership in countries that are considered as lagging is critical to foster the global objective to level the playing field for women to participate in corporate management leadership as important part the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (UNSDG) 5.5. The positive impact of women directors on corporate financial and social performance can be achieved, especially when the critical mass is reached. This highlights the importance of greater gender representations in corporate boards and top executive level in order to make a meaningful social change. Originality/value This study demonstrates that the supply of women who currently hold corporate management positions has positive influence on the presence of women boards. This study also demonstrates that a national legislation that promotes gender diversity for corporate board has a positive impact on boar","PeriodicalId":44116,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business","volume":"50 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135565737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review of cost-benefit analysis for business software investments","authors":"Sachidanandam Sakthivel","doi":"10.1108/ajb-09-2022-0145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ajb-09-2022-0145","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Cost-benefit (C/B) analysis helps to determine the economic feasibility of business software investments. Research literature and published practices do not recognize substantial software maintenance costs in C/B analysis. Current analyses emphasize the benefits of an initial investment but do not consider the recurring benefits of each enhancement during the software lifecycle. Such analyses could lead to incorrect investment decisions and lost business opportunities. This article aims to review current research on software lifecycle costs and develop a theoretically sound C/B analysis. Design/methodology/approach This article reviews current C/B analyses and discusses their shortcomings in treating the significant recurring maintenance costs. It analyzes the findings of various studies on software maintenance and synthesizes these findings to identify the nature of various maintenance costs and their benefits. Based on the synthesis, it theorizes various cost and benefit elements for inclusion in a revised C/B analysis. Findings This article identifies each recurring maintenance cost relevant to C/B analysis. It also identifies recurring benefits from each enhancement that hitherto have been omitted. Finally, this article discusses how these costs and benefits should be treated in the revised C/Bs analysis. Research limitations/implications This is a conceptual paper proposing a new C/B analysis and requires an empirical validation. Practical implications This article provides a revision of the C/B analysis that is long overdue. It will help to justify a software investment correctly, rank software projects that compete for limited funds and help create a sound software project portfolio. Since 20% of software products may incur 80% of software investment, this analysis will help to make correct software investments and avoid lost business opportunities. This article also describes a practical method to use the revised C/B analysis. Originality/value This article provides a revision of the C/B analysis that is long overdue. It will help to justify a software investment correctly, rank software projects that compete for limited funds and help create a sound software project portfolio. Since 20% of software products may incur 80% of software investment, this analysis will help to make correct software investments and avoid lost business opportunities. This article also describes a practical method to use the revised C/B analysis.","PeriodicalId":44116,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business","volume":"273 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135044118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of New IPO Firms on Incumbent Performance: An Empirical Investigation","authors":"Tapan Seth, Prasad Vemala","doi":"10.33423/ajm.v23i3.6442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/ajm.v23i3.6442","url":null,"abstract":"Market entry of new IPO firms adds to the competition of any industry, however, the impact on competitors may differ depending on several factors. Our study contributes to the literature on IPOs and incumbent performance by providing empirical evidence of the importance of firm specific characteristics in determining performance. Using a sample of 232 firms, we found that the strategic content of an IPO firm's prospectus affects the short-term pricing of incumbents during an IPO. Specifically, our findings suggest that IPO firms that signal high levels of exploitative tendencies in their prospectus have a negative impact on incumbents’ performance. Incumbent firms’ high degree of involvement in the focal business segment of the IPO firm tends to negatively impact their performance. Finally, technologically diversity of incumbents attenuates the negative impact of new IPOs.","PeriodicalId":44116,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135483436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Modifications of International Business Theory and Policy in the Time of Covid-19","authors":"Zdzisław W. Puślecki","doi":"10.33423/ajm.v23i3.6425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/ajm.v23i3.6425","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this work is the presentation of the structural modifications of contemporary international business. International trade in the XXI century has been strongly affected by the force of the economic crisis and COVID-19. The changes are evident in the growing importance of international trade to national economies and to domestic groups within those economies, in the closer linkages between trade and other international issues. Despite the undeniable benefits of the multilateral WTO forum for trade liberalization, the rapid increase of North-South bilateral and multilateral Free Trade Areas (FTAs) begs a systematic explanation for why some forums are prioritized relative to others. This work presents the mercantilist tendencies in the international trade policy, the theory of public choice in foreign trade policy, protectionist pressures in different political systems, the level of protectionist pressures, food producers’ pressure, and conflicts between the tendencies to sustainable international trade liberalization and environmental protection, the increasing importance bilateral agreements in the foreign trade policy and international economy in the time of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":44116,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Tactics for the Rapidly Changing Business Environment: How Cognitive Flexibility Can Help Small Business Withstand the Next Storm","authors":"Martin S. Bressler, Mark E. Bressler","doi":"10.33423/ajm.v23i3.6424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/ajm.v23i3.6424","url":null,"abstract":"Emotional intelligence is often touted as one of the most important leadership skills, and with good reason. According to Goleman, emotional intelligence refers to the ability to identify, understand, and manage emotions in oneself and others. Researchers John Mayer and Peter Salovey initially coined the term “emotional intelligence” in 1990 (Salovey & Mayer, 1990) but became popularized later in 2005 by psychologist Daniel Goleman (Goleman, 2005). Researchers today define emotional intelligence as the ability to understand and manage your own emotions, as well as recognize and influence the emotions of those around you. Research, however, increasingly points to the importance of cognitive flexibility during rapidly changing conditions, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Cognitive flexibility provides us with the ability to adapt our behavior to achieve goals under new environmental conditions. In this paper, the authors introduce cognitive flexibility as a critical business skill and offer ways to implement cognitive flexibility in your business or organization.","PeriodicalId":44116,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Quasi-Longitudinal Examination of the Cube One Framework","authors":"Richard E. Kopelman, Jeffrey Augugliaro, Ann C. Brandwein, Roger McKechnie","doi":"10.33423/ajm.v23i3.6423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/ajm.v23i3.6423","url":null,"abstract":"This paper begins by explaining the nature and premises undergirding the Cube One Framework, insofar as the authors assume that most readers have never heard of it. The Framework is multi- dimensional, focusing on the interests of employees, customers, and the enterprise, and it is also based on multiple fields of inquiry. i.e., Organizational Behavior, Marketing, Operations Management, etc. The present research is the first study to obtain repeated measure data pertinent to the Cube One Framework. Practices prior to the onset of COVID (before March 2020) were obtained retrospectively in addition to practices in the Fall 2022. Because data were obtained at one point in time, the present undertaking is characterized as employing a quasi-longitudinal design. Although three static hypotheses were supported, the cross-lagged panel analysis was not because (only) the relatively new 5-item behavior-based measure, indicated that there was a significant decline in Organizational Performance (t = -3.59; p < .001).","PeriodicalId":44116,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decentralization in Blockchain: Reconsidering Change Management Theories","authors":"Sebastien Vendette, Tomas G. Thundiyil","doi":"10.33423/ajm.v23i3.6376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/ajm.v23i3.6376","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the implications of blockchain technology's decentralization for traditional change management theories. As digital technologies continue to disrupt organizational structures, blockchain stands out with its unique feature of decentralization, challenging the centralized premise inherent in many existing change management theories. While influential and widely applied, these theories are largely predicated on certain fundamental assumptions about organizations and the nature of change, often assuming a centralized structure where authority and decision-making are concentrated at the top. However, with its inherent decentralization, blockchain technology democratizes decision-making and authority, disrupting traditional power dynamics and posing significant challenges to these assumptions. The present paper aims to address the gap in the current literature by exploring how blockchain's decentralization challenges and expands our current theories of change management wherein we propose theoretical adjustments and potential new constructs for change management. By doing so, we contribute to the evolving discourse on change management in the digital age and illuminate the transformative potential of blockchain’s decentralization and its implications for our understanding and practice of managing organizational change.","PeriodicalId":44116,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135981415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of blockchain adoption and organizational performance in the healthcare sector in India","authors":"Gaurav Kabra","doi":"10.1108/ajb-12-2022-0206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ajb-12-2022-0206","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeBlockchain technology (BCT) has multiple benefits across industries in varied contexts, but limited organizations have adopted such disruptive innovative technologies in the healthcare industry in India. The research on advancing the understanding of blockchain adoption (BCA) determinants in India's healthcare industry is limited. Thus, the study aims to identify the BCA determinants in the healthcare sector in India. Further, the impact of BCA was examined on organizational performance (OP).Design/methodology/approachThe study utilizes Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) framework to investigate the determinants of BCA in the healthcare sector in India. The data were gathered using a seven-point Likert seven-point ranging from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree” from 272 respondents working in the healthcare industry in India. The relationship within the framework was investigated using structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results demonstrate the positive impact of top management support, organizational size, organizational readiness, competitive pressure and government support on BCA in the healthcare sector. On the other hand, compatibility, security and privacy issues do not affect BCA. The results emphasize and validate blockchain’s importance in improving OP in the healthcare sector. Further, the results indicate that non-technological factors are paramount to improving BCA within the healthcare sector. Organizations should invest in employee training and development to ensure their staff have the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively manage BCT.Research limitations/implicationsThe model was developed for BCA in the healthcare sector in the Indian context; however, the model applies to other countries with the same business environment. Hence, the model can be further examined in diverse countries to generalize the findings.Practical implicationsThe study offers valuable insights into the factors that influence BCA and OP in the healthcare sector. The results of this research can be used to inform policy decisions and guide practitioners toward promoting and facilitating the use of BCT in healthcare organizations.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, the present study is the first of its kind to examine the TOE framework in BCA within the healthcare sector and its implications on OP.","PeriodicalId":44116,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business","volume":" 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72382187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}