American Journal of Business最新文献

{"title":"Goods and Service Tax and its implications on revenue efficiency of sub-national governments in India: an empirical analysis","authors":"Shubham Garg, P. Priyanka, K. Narwal, Sanjeevani Kumar","doi":"10.1108/ajb-09-2022-0144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ajb-09-2022-0144","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe purpose of the current study is to examine the implications of the implementation of Goods and Service Tax (GST) on the revenue efficiency of the sub-national governments in India. Furthermore, the study aims to compare the revenue efficiency of the Indian states for the pre-GST and post-GST periods in India.Design/methodology/approachThe study has used the annual revenue of value-added tax (VAT)/GST of the Indian states for the period ranging from 2012–2013 to 2020–2021 for the pre- and post-GST periods. The empirical results are based on the panel regression model for examining the implications of GST adoption on the Indian states.FindingsThe analysis shows that the implementation of GST in India has negatively impacted the revenue efficiency of the Indian states. Moreover, the results affirm that the contribution of the service sector to the state's Net State Domestic Product (NSDP), credit-deposit ratio (CDR) and outstanding net bank credit (ONBC) ratio of schedule commercial banks (SCBs) positively and states' dependency on central transfers (DCT) negatively impact the tax revenue efforts of the state governments. Furthermore, the GST adoption has a greater impact on the revenue efficiency of the minor states in comparison to major states which may widen the inter-state disparity gap as GST revenue constitutes a major share in the Own Tax Revenue (OTR) of the Indian states in aggregate.Practical implicationsThe current study will act as a guide for government, policymakers and for the sitting of the fifteenth finance commission in India for future policy formulation on GST and compensation to the Indian states. Similarly, this study can be used as a base for conducting future studies on the implications of GST at the national, sub-national, and international levels.Originality/valuePrevious studies on the implications of GST are theoretical and conceptual. There is hardly any study at the national or sub-national level that has focused on the implications of GST on the revenue efficiency of the Indian states.","PeriodicalId":44116,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89730733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global brands or local heroes? A comparative study of Egyptian consumer perceptions and behaviors in the fashion and apparel industry","authors":"Iman Boseila, A. Mahrous, E. Abouaish","doi":"10.1108/ajb-09-2022-0161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ajb-09-2022-0161","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe paper examined the impact of brand-identity expressiveness and perceived brand value that was neglected in prior literature, in addition to perceived brand quality and prestige, on behavioral intention. Research also tests if certain consumer values moderate this relationship.Design/methodology/approachMall-interception technique was used. Also, partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze data and test research hypotheses.FindingsResults indicate that perceived brand globalness (PBG) and perceived brand localness (PBL) are significantly positively associated with perceived quality and prestige. Besides, the inclusion of brand-identity expressiveness and perceived brand value was supported. PBL showed a greater association with brand identity expressiveness compared to PBG, different from previous findings. Furthermore, the total indirect effect of PBG on behavioral intentions was significant through the routes of perceived quality and prestige, compared to a weak and non-significant effect for PBL through the quality route.Originality/valueThis study proposes a comprehensive model testing additional pathways through which global and local brands can boost their preferences.","PeriodicalId":44116,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73190317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring factors influencing the adoption of mobile healthcare technologies: perspectives from designers, consultants and users’ preferences","authors":"Sepehr Namirad, Mehdi Deiranlou, S. Sajadi","doi":"10.1108/ajb-11-2022-0194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ajb-11-2022-0194","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeToday, the use of smart technologies in healthcare systems is experiencing exponential growth, and the future of healthcare is seemingly closely intertwined with such technologies. Thus, any exploration of the factors that influence human health and healthcare systems inevitably touches upon the subject of new technologies. This study aims to design a conceptual model to investigate the elements that affect individuals' openness to accepting and using mobile healthcare applications (mHealth apps) and their reciprocal effects.Design/methodology/approachAfter a brief review of the literature, the authors identify the influential factors in the acceptance of smart technologies in healthcare systems and present a conceptual model in this regard. Next, the authors analyze the factors and variables and the extent of their impact by a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. The statistical population of this study consists of 421 individuals including the developers, consultants and users (i.e. patients) of mHealth apps. Data analysis was done on the statistical software SPSS v.26, while SEM was carried out using the partial least squares (PLS) method on the modeling software SmartPLS.FindingsThe results indicate that user, consultant and developer preferences have a positive and significant impact on time, quality of life, managing chronic conditions and cooperation, and these constructs (system performance) finally have a positive and significant impact on the acceptance of mobile healthcare technologies.Originality/valueThis paper shows that mHealth apps can have a remarkable role in the prevention and treatment of medical conditions, and it is strongly recommended that this technology be utilized in the studied region.","PeriodicalId":44116,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79188712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which sustainable growth rate is best at forecasting actual growth?","authors":"G. Moore, M. Simpson","doi":"10.1108/ajb-12-2022-0196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ajb-12-2022-0196","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeUsing various proxies for the firms' return on equity (ROE) and retention ratios (b) the authors calculate 36 sustainable growth rates, on a rolling basis, for a comprehensive set of firms over a 52-year period. The authors then assess the ability of these different sustainable growth rates to predict the actual, out-of-sample, five-year growth rates of the firms' earnings.Design/methodology/approachThe authors compare the forecast to determine which method of estimating ROE and b produce the lowest mean-squared-errors and then determine the estimation method that works best for firms with different characteristics and for firms in different industries.FindingsOverall, using the median ROE of all firms in the market and the 5-year average of the specific firm's retention ratio produces the lowest, statistically significant, forecast errors. Variations are documented based on firm characteristics, including dividend payout, level of ROE and industry.Practical implicationsThe findings can guide practitioners in using the best earnings forecasting method.Originality/valueFinancial textbooks seem universally to suggest that one method of estimating the growth rate of a firm's earnings is to calculate the “sustainable growth rate” by multiplying the firm's ROE by the firm's b. At the same time, multiple methods of proxying for both ROE and b have been suggested; therefore, it is an interesting and useful empirical question, which, heretofore, has not been addressed in the literature, as to which estimation of the sustainable growth rate best approximates the actual future growth of the firm's earnings. The findings can guide practitioners in using the best earnings forecasting method.","PeriodicalId":44116,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81253396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of ethical AI requirements to an AI solution use-case in healthcare domain","authors":"Zohreh Pourzolfaghar, Marco Alfano, Markus Helfert","doi":"10.1108/ajb-12-2022-0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ajb-12-2022-0201","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose This paper aims to describe the results of applying ethical AI requirements to a healthcare use case. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of using open educational resources for Trustworthy AI to provide recommendations to an AI solution within the healthcare domain. Design/methodology/approach This study utilizes the Hackathon method as its research methodology. Hackathons are short events where participants share a common goal. The purpose of this to determine the efficacy of the educational resources provided to the students. To achieve this objective, eight teams of students and faculty members participated in the Hackathon. The teams made suggestions for healthcare use case based on the knowledge acquired from educational resources. A research team based at the university hosting the Hackathon devised the use case. The healthcare research team participated in the Hackathon by presenting the use case and subsequently analysing and evaluating the utility of the outcomes. Findings The Hackathon produced a framework of proposed recommendations for the introduced healthcare use case, in accordance with the EU's requirements for Trustworthy AI. Research limitations/implications The educational resources have been applied to one use-case. Originality/value This is the first time that open educational resources for Trustworthy AI have been utilized in higher education, making this a novel study. The university hosting the Hackathon has been the coordinator for the Trustworthy AI Hackathon (as partner to Trustworthy AI project).","PeriodicalId":44116,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135363744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bibliometric analysis of digital financial literacy","authors":"Mansi Yadav, P. Banerji","doi":"10.1108/ajb-11-2022-0186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ajb-11-2022-0186","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThere has been a great deal of exploratory, conceptual and empirical research on digital financial literacy (DFL) in the fields of finance, economics, business and management. But up until now, there has not been any attempt to provide a thorough scientific mapping of the area. Therefore, by combining various knowledge systems, this study seeks to identify the current research trend.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 158 papers was subjected to bibliometric analysis in the areas of DFL or digital finance. Assembling, organising and evaluating are the three phases that make up the bibliometric analysis process derived from the most dependable and genuine sources, the Scopus database, and the Web of Science (WoS) database. This study was done using a scientific search technique on the Scopus and WoS databases for the years 2015 through 2022. The study made use of Biblioshiny, a web-based tool created in R-studio and part of the Bibliometrix package. Prominent journals, authors, nations, articles and themes were identified with the use of the software's automated workflow. “Citation, co-citation, and social network analysis” were also carried out.FindingsThe study' outcomes indicate that, as an interdisciplinary discipline, the themes of digital finance have changed throughout time. Researchers first concentrated on socioeconomic and demographic variables, but over time the subject expanded to include themes like influencing, promoting, and behavioural factors that affect digital financial literacy (DFL). This research shows the conceptual framework of the area in addition to its intellectual and social structure. This study offers crucial insights into subjects that demand more research.Research limitations/implicationsSince the current study is a bibliometric analysis, the usual restrictions on such studies apply. A meta-analysis, a thorough literature review and other methods would be beneficial for future researchers to develop a solid conceptual framework. This current research work's science mapping is restricted to the Scopus and WoS databases because this research includes more high-quality articles and has organised formats that work with the Bibliometrix application.Practical implicationsPresent research provides critical insights into saving behaviour, retirement planning, digital finance and the interdependence of these. This research highlights the most prevalent problems in the field and points in the direction of potential areas for further study. Exposing the social and intellectual structure of the domain educates upcoming scholars about the themes, contexts and opportunities for collaboration in this field.Social implicationsThe study will be useful for future learning as the study gives broad exposure to the current literature in the field of digital finance. On the other hand, people will also grow aware of the effects of digital finance and make the proper choices as a result. Additionally, the report might offer cruc","PeriodicalId":44116,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business","volume":"501 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85645124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender differences in the association between job characteristics, and work satisfaction and retention","authors":"Stefani Milovanska-Farrington","doi":"10.1108/ajb-07-2022-0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ajb-07-2022-0115","url":null,"abstract":"PurposePrevious research shows a positive effect of job satisfaction and retention on both workers’ and organizations’ welfare, it is important to understand whether the characteristics of a job and workers’ perceptions of certain job traits can predict job satisfaction and retention in an organization. This paper explores the effect of 18 job characteristics on the likelihood that a worker is satisfied with his or her job, the chance that he or she looks for an alternative employer in the following year and the number of years employed by the same organization.Design/methodology/approachThe author adds to the current state of the literature on the importance of job characteristics in several ways. First, the author utilizes a list of 18 job characteristics or perceptions, which to the best of our knowledge is one of the most extensive sets of characteristics that has been considered. This allows us to examine lots of aspects of the job, and their connection to the outcomes of interest. Second, the author uses not only basic regression methods but also ordered Logit specifications to obtain more precise estimates of the effect of job characteristics on job satisfaction and workers’ propensity to look for a new job. Third, the author considers the possibility that a combination of job characteristics, rather than a single factor, influences the level of satisfaction with the job and retention, measured by the likelihood that a worker plans to look for an alternative job in the following year and the years at the current job. The author explores the latter through principal component analysis. Fourth, the author explores gender differences in the effect of job characteristics on job satisfaction and retention. Finally, the author discusses the implications of this research to policy decision-making and managerial decisions.FindingsThe author finds that personal development opportunities and job security are positively related to job satisfaction, and negatively related to the likelihood of looking for a new job. Opportunities for personal development have a stronger effect on job satisfaction of men than women. Male workers’ job satisfaction also depends on whether they are given enough time to complete assigned tasks. The perception of security in the current job, having reliable coworkers and receiving sufficient help in a job make it less likely for women to perform a job search. Fringe benefits encourage workers of both genders to stay in an organization longer. Job security also has a positive relationship with the years in a given job for women, but not for men.Originality/valueThe findings have implications for managers and policy decision-makers. For managers, it is important to be aware of the value male and female workers place on different job characteristics, because a number of studies show the importance of job satisfaction on the success of companies (Porter et al. 1977; Mobley et al., 1979; Tett et al. 1993; Posner et al. 1993), and","PeriodicalId":44116,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84277517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting stock market using natural language processing","authors":"","doi":"10.1108/ajb-08-2022-0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ajb-08-2022-0124","url":null,"abstract":"PurposePredicting the stock market's prices has always been an interesting topic since its closely related to making money. Recently, the advances in natural language processing (NLP) have opened new perspectives for solving this task. The purpose of this paper is to show a state-of-the-art natural language approach to using language in predicting the stock market.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the conventional statistical models for time-series prediction are implemented as a benchmark. Then, for methodological comparison, various state-of-the-art natural language models ranging from the baseline convolutional and recurrent neural network models to the most advanced transformer-based models are developed, implemented and tested.FindingsExperimental results show that there is a correlation between the textual information in the news headlines and stock price prediction. The model based on the GRU (gated recurrent unit) cell with one linear layer, which takes pairs of the historical prices and the sentiment score calculated using transformer-based models, achieved the best result.Originality/valueThis study provides an insight into how to use NLP to improve stock price prediction and shows that there is a correlation between news headlines and stock price prediction.","PeriodicalId":44116,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89361989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial safety climate and psychological capital for positive customer behavioral intentions in service organizations","authors":"S. Siami, M. Gorji, Angela J. Martin","doi":"10.1108/ajb-01-2022-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ajb-01-2022-0018","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to articulate a synergic-mediated model of positive service behaviors enabled by what could be called a “psychosocial resource caravan” for improved customer behavioral intentions to help service organizations especially during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts a multi-level approach and is based on positive organizational behavior and occupational health and safety literature. An empirical study of synergic-mediated model of positive service behaviors has been developed and tested using a quantitative approach.FindingsThis paper offers a theoretical framework proposing that a psychosocially safe work environment (psychosocial safety climate (PSC)) interacts with employees' positive psychological capital (PsyCap) to facilitate positive service behaviors that influence customers' behavioral intentions. As PsyCap and PSC have origin, respectively, in different organizational levels, those both can combine and create a context for positive service encounters. The proposed model has been operationalized and then the reliability and validity of the constructs have been examined. A series of CFAs has been conducted and the fitness of the prosed model was compared to other possible models. The model showed a better fitness compared to the other plausible models. All hypotheses of the model were also significant.Originality/valueThe proposed model integrates positive organizational behavior and occupational health and safety literature to consider the conditions for positive service behaviors. High levels of PsyCap among team members and a psychosocially safe working environment, i.e. PSC can impact customers through positive service behaviors. The articulation of the proposed model presented in this paper invites future empirical research on the synergic nature of psychosocial resources. The paper also suggests some key points to operationalize “psychosocial resource caravan.”","PeriodicalId":44116,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80502706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the impact of gender power and gender diversity within the top management team on firm performance and firm risk","authors":"R. Walton, Mark A. Tribbitt","doi":"10.1108/ajb-05-2022-0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ajb-05-2022-0081","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study moves beyond existing research on gender diversity to define a new construct – gender power. The study examines gender power within the top management team (TMT) and its relationship to firm performance and firm risk.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilizes a cross-disciplinary combination of upper echelons theory and finance theory as a framework to further examine the impact of gender power within the TMT and its impact on firm risk and firm performance. Employing data collected for 2,570 American publicly traded small-, medium- and large-cap firms over a 20-year period, panel regression analyses were conducted for measures of firm risk and firm performance, beta and return on assets (ROA), respectively.FindingsThis study shows that gender diversity and gender power are two distinct constructs with different effects. The findings from this study suggest that gender power may be a stronger predictor of the relationship between firm performance and firm risk than simply gender diversity alone.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was conducted based on a sample of publicly traded firms. These relationships may not be generalizable to firms in other contexts. Further, other variables representing firm performance and firm risk may add to this research.Practical implicationsUnderstanding the differences between gender diversity and gender power may allow firms to make more informed decisions when adding female executives to their TMTs.Originality/valueThis study proposes an objective representational indicator of structural power to measure the relative power of female executives of public companies that allows the expansion of existing research examining the distinction between gender diversity and gender power and their relationship to firm risk and firm performance.","PeriodicalId":44116,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Business","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84094557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}