Day 3 Wed, September 26, 2018最新文献

{"title":"Deployment of a Novel Proppant Coating Technology for Controlling Airborne Dust in the Permian: A Case Study","authors":"S. Kakadjian, M. Reynolds, J. Sawyer, P. Kelly, V. Bammidi, Dennis Murray, M. Solomon","doi":"10.2118/191420-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/191420-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Occupational exposure to respirable silica from proppant sand is a risk to field personnel in oil and gas operations. This risk must be mitigated to comply with new OSHA regulations that will take place between 2018 and 2021 for limiting respirable crystalline silica to less than 50 micrograms per liter averaged over across an 8-hr period. Therefore, oil and gas operators, oilfield service companies, and proppant suppliers are poised to employ technologies that can address proppant dust control in the field.\u0000 Historically, engineering controls have been applied to reduce sand dust using vacuum systems to gather dust in central locations; while other mechanical approaches include limiting sand volumes on conveyer belts or storing sand in silos (necessitating use of a trailer and a storage bin). This paper discusses laboratory and field results from tests designed to mitigate dust that results from handling sand during hydraulic fracturing operations. Coating proppant sand with inert chemical solutions that include a 100% environmentally-friendlybenign chemical blend at transloading rail facilities will be described.\u0000 Experimental test results to be discussed include lab scale screening of 10+ aqueous and nonaqueous formulations to control dust, sand caking studies, sand flowability, changes in conductivity, bacterial control testing, and chemical compatibility testing with current additive packages used in slickwater and crosslinked gel systems.\u0000 The outcome of field applications using coated sand samples in the Permian Basin showed up to a 97% decrease of dust generated and levels of employee exposure to respirable crystalline silica less than the revised OSHA PEL of 50 μg/m3 as measured in 10-mm nylon Dorr-Oliver cyclones.\u0000 A long-term goal for this product is to eliminate the risk of respirable crystalline silica even less than the OSHA action levels at 25 μg/m3 to field staff and to reduce dust exposure to the equipment, improving safety and operational efficiency for operators.","PeriodicalId":441169,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, September 26, 2018","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124119168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Industry and University Collaboration Progresses the Concept of a Citizen Engineer","authors":"Linda A. Battalora, Linda Brewer, Jiaheng Chen","doi":"10.2118/191704-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/191704-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Society of Petroleum Engineers Sustainability Task Force (SPE-STF) was created in 2014 and immediately developed Sustainability content including a strategy, curriculum, and course offerings. The opportunity for a collaboration between SPE-STF and Colorado School of Mines Petroleum Engineering (CSM-PE) graduate students was quickly identified with beneficial outcomes for both parties.\u0000 Over a three-year period and with SPE-STF guidance, graduate students analyzed a variety of resource plays in global geographic locations and ultimately, the role of the Citizen Engineer in sustainable development. During this timeframe, students worked in multinational teams and researched probable technical and non-technical issues, potential interactions between those issues, and the options for managing those issues. SPE-STF provided feedback to students based on industry experience. SPE-STF and other industry representatives engaged with students in the classroom on topics of health, safety, security, environment and social responsibility (HSSE-SR), sustainability, stakeholder engagement, and risk identification.\u0000 In technical memoranda, final reports, and presentations, CSM-PE graduate students defined the role of the Citizen Engineer, provided integrated case study analysis including technical and non-technical risk assessments, recommendations for sustainable development, and the feasibility of the financial business case.\u0000 This academic and industry collaboration informed the SPE's growing sustainability conversation on integrating sustainable development into operational business plans and provided opportunity for improved sustainability competency and skill development for employees and students.","PeriodicalId":441169,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, September 26, 2018","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132371624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy Oil Extraction in Texas with a Novel Downhole Steam Generation Method: A Field-Scale Experiment","authors":"B. Hascakir, Samuel F. Noynaert, J. Prentice","doi":"10.2118/191392-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/191392-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Heavy oil extraction requires heat introduction to the reservoir to enhance the mobility of oil. While steam injection is one of the most reliable thermal EOR methods for heat introduction, it has several operational, technical, economic, and environmental limitations. This study investigates the effectiveness of a newly developed downhole steam generator which not only minimizes the heat losses due to distance the between generation and injection but accomplishes oil production with lower steam and energy requirements. A test of the downhole steam generator took place in a small 20 acre area northeast Texas with 13 wells accessing a shallow (540 feet TVD) heavy oil bearing sandstone. The viscosity and API gravity of the heavy oil was reported as 3,000 cP at 100 °F and 19 °API. The initial oil and water saturation were approximately 65% and 35% respectively.\u0000 Steam injection was started in April of 2013 at steam rates of up to 1300 bbl/day of 600°F steam, producing a total of 540 million BTU per day. The steam front was carefully monitored with temperature readings through oil sampling, both on an individual well basis. According to the temperature readings, steam front movement was faster than typical steam flooding cases in such high viscosity oil reservoirs. Preferential steam propagation occurred towards the northwest of the field due to reservoir dipping towards the southeast. The oil production increased on both the 20 acre test site and wells outside of the test site. The varying distances between injection wells and production wells enabled us to observe steam propagation at varying length. Thus, we could acquire produced oil sampling at varying steam exposure times at different locations and depths. Viscosity, density, and compositional analyses were carried out on the produced oil samples. It has been observed that the viscosity and density of produced oil were not improved due to emulsion formation which is a common concern for any steam injection project. However, further analysis revealed that emulsion breaking is possible with the use of asphaltene insoluble solvents or cationic surfactants. Since the novel design of the downhole steam generator allows injection of any additional chemical with steam during the process, these chemicals could be added to the steam stream to enhance the effective steamed area and reduce the flow assurance related problem. The new downhole steam generation tool provides an opportunity to generate steam in-situ and co-inject steam with additional chemicals to prevent emulsion formation and asphaltene precipitation. Thus, this study proves that downhole steam generation can be feasible for heavy oil extraction, even for small, low-rate fields, if all drawbacks (such as emulsion formation and asphaltene precipitation) are considered and the chemicals injected with steam are selected properly.","PeriodicalId":441169,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, September 26, 2018","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134646631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing Process Safety Risk at the Dynamic Frontline","authors":"Simon Jones, C. Brewer","doi":"10.2118/191693-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/191693-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Process safety approaches developed and implemented over the past 20-30 years have enabled us to improve the design basis of our facilities. Yet we still see major incidents occurring at a steady rate. Traditional approaches to risk management may be appropriate as a basis for design, but they are not helpful in operations management where decisions continuously take place that impacts exposure to Major Accident Hazard (MAH) risk.\u0000 A 2017 international survey1 looked into the state of process safety and risk management in the hazardous industries. 70% of survey respondents reported a gap between how process safety management is intended and the reality of operations. Only six percent of respondents indicated their companies were up-to-date on safety critical maintenance. The survey results highlighted that the real world of operations is neither simple nor static and highlighted a gap in organizations’ abilities to develop a single, shared view of the operational reality of risk.\u0000 The current trend towards digitalization of the industry offers companies an opportunity for a clearer understanding of risk to reduce incidents and enhance the journey towards sustainable production and Operational Excellence. So-called \"big data\" and \"edge data\" techniques applied to the streams of data arising from modern facilities holds out the promise of a process safety early warning system that looks at potential signals and trends in facility operations data to make MAH risk exposure visible, prominent and available in real-time.\u0000 A new category of Operational Risk Management (ORM) software tools is emerging which seek to deliver on this promise. This paper shares the approaches adopted by two major international oil industry operators who are leveraging a new approach to process safety and operational risk management to achieve safer, more sustainable operations.","PeriodicalId":441169,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, September 26, 2018","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131775150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyber Security, the Cloud, and Oil and Gas","authors":"P. Black","doi":"10.2118/191563-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/191563-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The rapid acceleration in the adoption of cloud services has increased the focus on cyber security. While data protection and privacy have always been key concerns in the oil and gas industry, this has frequently been achieved by isolating networks and strengthening perimeter defences. However, the weaknesses in this approach have been demonstrated, and it has masked poor practices in many areas. This paper will argue that the advent of cloud technology should not be regarded as a further challenge to security, but an opportunity to dramatically revitalise and improve a company's defences.\u0000 We will present a systematic overview of the kind of hybrid architecture that is increasingly common in many oil and gas companies, with on-premises and cloud systems. We will examine the key areas of authentication and authorisation and examine how these must evolve to address the cloud. We will also look at key pain points, like systems integration and legacy platforms, and examine how these are accommodated in a cloud-first architecture.\u0000 In examining the issues involved, we will see that cloud does not really introduce new security challenges but tends to highlight problems with existing practices. Historic failures to implement federated identity, or to secure and patch individual systems, or to allow unencrypted and largely insecure SQL access to corporate databases, represent a clear and present danger. By returning the focus to system security, and moving on the conversation from perimeter defence, cloud is providing a valuable service. Interestingly, this new technology also provides a range of answers, as we'll discuss, but it cannot be a universal panacea.\u0000 While adoption grows daily, cloud is still relatively novel to many companies. The lessons learned across multiple large-scale implementations of cloud technology in production data management allows us to derive general, vendor-independent guidance on cloud architectures, cyber security issues that must be addressed, and best practices that should be followed.","PeriodicalId":441169,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, September 26, 2018","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127628322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Conventional Forecasting Methods to Waterfloods with Horizontal Wells in Heavy Oil Reservoirs","authors":"E. Delamaide","doi":"10.2118/191692-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/191692-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Using horizontal wells for primary production of heavy oil reservoirs is common in Canada but it is less frequent to employ them for waterflood. As a result, very few papers have been published on this topic. Similarly, numerous publications are available on the use of conventional forecasting methods to evaluate waterflood performances, but very few if any have focused on waterfloods with horizontal wells in heavy oil reservoirs. This is what this paper proposes to do.\u0000 The production performances of over twenty horizontal wells from five Canadian heavy oil pools where waterflood has been implemented using horizontal wells have been studied. The pools are thin and bottom water is present in some of them; oil viscosity ranges from a few hundred to a few thousand centipoises. Conventional waterflood forecasting methods such as Arps, Yang and logarithm of Water-Oil Ratio (WOR) vs. Cumulative oil production were used and compared. However, the focus of the paper is not only the comparison of the various forecasting methods but also the evaluation of the performances of horizontal well waterfloods in these high oil viscosities.\u0000 The Arps method appears difficult to use, especially when there are strong variations in injection rates. By comparison, the Yang and the WOR vs. Cumulative production methods appear more stable. The forecast in cumulative production can vary widely between these methods. Ultimate recovery is expected to vary from a few percent OOIP to over 20%OOIP.\u0000 This paper will present the performances of several horizontal waterfloods in heavy oil reservoirs in Canada and compare several waterflood analysis methods. Very few if any paper has been published on this topic thus the information provided will be of interest to engineers who are considering using horizontal wells for waterflood as a follow-up to primary production in heavy oil reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":441169,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, September 26, 2018","volume":"125 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116435738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safe Choice – Operationalizing Human Performance Science in Decision-Making","authors":"Carla Santamaria, J. Flood, P. C. Schuberth, Jorge J. Morell, J. Hinojosa, J. Haddock, H. O’Donnell, E. Sandelands, Melissa Cowan, Alan Higgins","doi":"10.2118/191514-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/191514-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 An approach for enhancing safety performance in Energy Industry field applications by integrating decision-making science will be presented. Results – both qualitative and quantitative – will demonstrate step change potential in safety performance in pursuit of plateau breakthrough to zero high severity incidents. Safe Choice empowers and enables safe decision-making at all levels of an organization by providing new knowledge and techniques, and linking these to current behavioral based safety practices.\u0000 Emerging understanding about brain and social science, as it relates to Energy Industry safety, is provided in practical discussion centered around decision-making. Workforce members are entrusted and empowered with new knowledge, personal decision-making style survey results, and an appreciative inquiry discussion that integrates brain science concepts in a simple effective way to their existing, familiar work processes and tools for managing safety and risk in their operating, drilling, and construction field sites. Following Safe Choice, individuals have a greater understanding of their own human performance and decision-making. Focusing on individual learning and awareness is the differentiator.\u0000 The program was first developed for the ExxonMobil Hebron Project integration, hook-up and commissioning construction site in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada during 2015-2016. Together, with other transformational safety leadership initiatives, Safe Choice contributed to best-in-class safety performance. Safe Choice was then further developed and adapted for application within operating field sites during 2017. With further success, the program is now being implemented globally with an agile, user-centered design philosophy and approach.\u0000 The small group approach to training includes each worker receiving an individual decision-making style report and creates an atmosphere of appreciative inquiry, trust and openness. Developing leadership supporting strategies that foster a continuation of this atmosphere once back in the field (and outside of the classroom) has proven effective, with use of the new language and concepts evident in regular daily meetings such as toolbox talks, shift handover and safety meetings, as well as being used between workers during conversations in the field. Many locations where Safe Choice has been implemented have excellent safety performance, and will show both qualitative and quantitative measures of success achieved.\u0000 Energy Industry Leaders, Operations, Drilling, Construction and Safety Professionals will gain new knowledge on successful next-step integration of decision-making science into safety programs for protecting their workforce. This will expand and extend earlier insights from panel discussions at SPE HSSE Meetings in New Orleans (April 2017) and Abu Dhabi (April 2018). This paper includes results of the program so far.","PeriodicalId":441169,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, September 26, 2018","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124853013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Integrated Platform for IIoT in E&P: Closing the Gap between Data Science and Operations","authors":"Tailai Wen, K. Evers, Xinwo Huang, Roy Keyes","doi":"10.2118/191489-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/191489-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Although major E&P companies have been investing in data-driven modeling and analytics in the Big Data era, expected cost reductions and efficiency improvements have scarcely been realized, mainly due to the overhead related to operationalizing analytics and models. This paper proposes the architecture of an industrial internet of things (IIoT) platform that minimizes the overhead and accelerates value creation in the context of the digital oilfield.\u0000 The proposed IIoT platform is an integrated portal for all members working in the same ecosystem, including data scientists, data engineers, operation engineers, business analysts, and IT administrators. It is the first platform focusing on minimizing the gap between in-house modeling teams and operation teams in an industrial context. This work successfully addresses the challenge of operationalizing the digital oilfield, in turn catalyzing smart operations through industrial analytics.","PeriodicalId":441169,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, September 26, 2018","volume":"496 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116695659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zero Wellsite Personnel. The First Truly Man-Less Operation for Directional Drilling Services","authors":"Crispin Chatar, A. Stepnov, A. Mardyashov, V. Fedotov","doi":"10.2118/191586-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/191586-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Years of effort, knowledge, innovation, and process integration resulted in the first unmanned remote operation where the drilling services company completed the directional drilling contract without any physical presence of personnel on the rig. In addition, the company has successfully run these remote operations across multiple continents. An opportunity presented itself to the global drilling community to drill a well where it was deemed unsafe for human operations. Building on prior successes in remote operations, a relevant solution was provided that could be executed anywhere on the Earth remotely from any other location. The evolution of remote drilling operations began in 2009, the most significant result of which occurred in 2016 when for the first time, a well was drilled without any directional services staff even visiting the drilling rig. This operation was the result of more than 8 years of foundation work.\u0000 This paper will present three main concepts for any future efforts in this drilling area. Due to the need for maintaining the drilling company's strategic advantage, not all of the details will be explored. The process and procedures used to accomplish the remote operations will be summarized, followed by a brief update on the history of remote operations. Secondly, a description if remote operations in directional drilling, intercontinental remote operations, and unmanned directional drilling operations will be presented. Finally, tools and technologies to accomplish these goals will be summarized in a suitable manner for the industry to build on to take remote operations to the next level. The main goal of this paper will be to highlight what was achieved with current technology and predict the future of area of the industry. This paper will divulge many industry firsts; unmanned directional drilling jobs, unmanned logging-while-drilling (LWD) jobs, intercontinental remote operations, and finally, for the first time, operations where the service company never visited the rig.","PeriodicalId":441169,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, September 26, 2018","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129605774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Select Naphthenic Acids Beneficially Impact Oil-Water Dynamics During Smart Waterflooding","authors":"T. Reilly, B. Medina, T. Lehmann, V. Alvarado","doi":"10.2118/191455-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/191455-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Injection of a generic naphthenic acid blend in waterflooding experiments has been shown to enhance oil recovery. A brine-oil interfacial response upon addition of organic acids has also been recorded and linked to the improved recovery response. The purpose of this work is to analyze the effect of several individual naphthenic acids on the oil-water interface and thereby determine which structure of acids is most potentially influential in improving oil recovery. Acids were selected based on water solubility and structure; analyses were conducted on several molecular structural characteristics to assess the relationship to interfacial responses. Based on the observed fluid-fluid interactions and the likelihood that the acid blend in previous work contained some of the acids studied, we propose a causative connection between the addition of organic acid blends and the recovery efficiency.","PeriodicalId":441169,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, September 26, 2018","volume":"550 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123098480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}