EURO Journal on Decision Processes最新文献

{"title":"Effects of information presentation on regulatory decisions for products of biotechnology","authors":"Rim Lassoued ,&nbsp;Hayley Hesseln ,&nbsp;Peter W.B. Phillips ,&nbsp;Stuart J. Smyth","doi":"10.1007/s40070-020-00114-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40070-020-00114-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Experts and laypeople often have to make judgements based on a large body of evidence that is uncertain and inconclusive. Theory suggests people are likely to modify their decisions according to how information is framed and structured. This study assesses the effect of information form (text versus numerical) and sequence (bundled versus non-bundled) on decision outcomes regarding the regulation of plants with novel traits. Both experts and laypersons were surveyed and offered one of eight different treatments that tested for the effect of information presentation, the effect of the assigned decision role (as an individual or a member of a decision committee), and the structure of the decision itself. Results show that non-experts are more prone than experts to change their decisions when faced with different structures or decision architectures, especially when the form of information changes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44104,"journal":{"name":"EURO Journal on Decision Processes","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 151-175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40070-020-00114-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92591499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What does it mean to provide decision support to a responsible and competent expert?","authors":"Antoine Richard ,&nbsp;Brice Mayag ,&nbsp;François Talbot ,&nbsp;Alexis Tsoukias ,&nbsp;Yves Meinard","doi":"10.1007/s40070-020-00116-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40070-020-00116-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Decision support consists in helping a decision-maker to improve his/her decisions. However, clients requesting decision support are often themselves experts and are often taken by third parties and/or the general public to be responsible for the decisions they make. This predicament raises complex challenges for decision analysts, who have to avoid infringing upon the expertise and responsibility of the decision-maker. The case of diagnosis decision support in healthcare contexts is particularly illustrative. To support clinicians in their work and minimize the risk of medical error, various decision support systems have been developed, as part of information systems that are now ubiquitous in healthcare contexts. To develop, in collaboration with the hospitals of Lyon, a diagnostic decision support system for day-to-day customary consultations, we propose in this paper a critical analysis of current approaches to diagnostic decision support, which mainly consist in providing them with guidelines or even full-fledged diagnosis recommendations. We highlight that the use of such decision support systems by physicians raises responsibility issues, but also that it is at odds with the needs and constraints of customary consultations. We argue that the historical choice to favor guidelines or recommendations to physicians implies a very specific vision of what it means to support physicians, and we argue that the flaws of this vision partially explain why current diagnostic decision support systems are not accepted by physicians in their application to customary situations. Based on this analysis, we propose that decision support to physicians for customary cases should be deployed in an “adjustive” approach, which consists in providing physicians with the data on patients they need, when they need them, during consultations. The rationale articulated in this article has a more general bearing than clinical decision support and bears lessons for decision support activities in other contexts where decision-makers are competent and responsible experts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44104,"journal":{"name":"EURO Journal on Decision Processes","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 205-236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40070-020-00116-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92075759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling analysts and actors in interaction: how behavioural aspects can positively affect the decision aid process","authors":"MariaFranca Norese","doi":"10.1007/s40070-020-00113-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40070-020-00113-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The behaviour of the actors in a decision aid process is determined by different factors, all of which have an impact on the effectiveness of the process and its results. A framework, originally created to document decision aid processes and to study the reasons for backward and forward cycles in the process, has been used to comparatively analyse several multi-criteria decision aid interventions. The study has led to the identification of three basic process typologies, in relation with some organisational and processual complexities and factors which, as behavioural aspects, have the main influence on the interaction between the analysts and actors of a decision aid process. The work is a proposal for the behavioral OR research agenda.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44104,"journal":{"name":"EURO Journal on Decision Processes","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 125-150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40070-020-00113-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41346895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A refined utility function for modeling “me” vs. “us” allocation in a sequential group decision process","authors":"Dmitry Gimon ,&nbsp;AlexandreBevilacqua Leoneti","doi":"10.1007/s40070-019-00102-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40070-019-00102-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Considering the psychological aspects of altruism and reciprocity in strategic interactions, we propose using the Cobb–Douglas utility function to refine standard utility functions as a weighted product of the player’s utility (“me” factor) and the jointly utility of players (“us” factor). We model an altruism willingness function to define the strategic allocation within “me” vs. “us” based on perceived kindness of the counterparts during the past agreements and unconditional altruism. Numerical examples are presented to show how the model represents the sequential group decision process of players with heterogeneous altruism profiles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44104,"journal":{"name":"EURO Journal on Decision Processes","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40070-019-00102-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45836223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can 1 h of training lead to better project decision-making?","authors":"David Newman ,&nbsp;Steve Begg ,&nbsp;Matthew Welsh","doi":"10.1007/s40070-020-00112-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40070-020-00112-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An experiment was set up to determine whether some short, focused training could influence decision makers to take a more structured and process-based approach to project decision-making. The experiment also investigated the impact on project decision-making of the way a decision is framed by an authority figure, i.e. how a decision is influenced by an authority figure advocating a process-driven, neutral or an opinion/schedule-driven approach. The experiment was set up so that half of the participants watched three 15-min training videos before answering questions on decision-making scenarios for projects, and the other half just answered questions on the decision-making scenarios. 40% of participants (split across those who watched the training videos and those that only answered the decision-making scenario questions) had undergone some prior training on decision making. The results demonstrate that watching the training videos has an impact. The impact is greater when there has been no prior training; however, there is still impact in each case, albeit small for some. This implies that the benefits of 1 h of training prior to project decision-making is more valuable for those with no prior training, but still worthwhile for those with prior training. The results showed that framing by an authority figure has a strong influence on the participants’ responses, in terms of whether a process-based, neutral or opinion/intuition-based response was given.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44104,"journal":{"name":"EURO Journal on Decision Processes","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 89-124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40070-020-00112-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44196695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An affective decision-making model with applications to social robotics","authors":"S.i. Liu ,&nbsp;David Ríos Insua","doi":"10.1007/s40070-019-00109-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40070-019-00109-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the proliferation of information and communication technologies, especially with recent developments in Artificial Intelligence, social robots at home and the workplace are no longer being treated as lifeless and emotionless, leading to proposals which aim at incorporating affective elements within agents. Advances in areas such as affective decision-making and affective computing drive this interest. Our motivation in this paper is to use affection as a basic element within a decision-making process to facilitate robotic agents providing more seemingly human responses. We use earlier research in cognitive science and psychology to provide a model for an autonomous agent that makes decisions partly influenced by affective factors when interacting with humans and other agents. The factors included are emotions, mood, personality traits, and activation sets in relation with impulsive behavior. We describe several simulations with our model to study and compare its performance when facing various types of users. Through them, we essentially showcase that our model allows for a powerful agent design mechanism regulating its behavior and provides greater decision-making adaptivity when compared to emotionless agents and simpler emotional models. We conclude describing potential uses of our model in several application areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44104,"journal":{"name":"EURO Journal on Decision Processes","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 13-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40070-019-00109-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43678038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of labor strike based on evolutionary game and catastrophe theory","authors":"Ahmad Makui ,&nbsp;SeyedMohammad Seyedhosseini ,&nbsp;SeyedJafar Sadjadi ,&nbsp;Parinaz Esmaeili","doi":"10.1007/s40070-020-00111-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40070-020-00111-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper analyzes the labor–employer relations during conditions that lead to strike using an evolutionary game and catastrophe theory. During a threat to strike, the employers may accept the whole or only a part of the demands of labors and improve the work conditions or decline the demands, and each selected strategies has its respective costs and benefits. The threat to strike action causes the formation of a game between the strikers and employers that in which, as time goes on, different strategies are evaluated by the players and the effective variables of strike faced gradual and continuous changes, which can lead to a sudden jump of the variables and push the system to very different conditions such as dramatic increase or decrease in the probability of selecting strategies. So the alliance between labors could suffer or reinforce. This discrete sudden change is called catastrophe. In this study after finding evolutionary stable strategies for each player, the catastrophe threshold analyzed by nonlinear evolutionary game and the managerial insight is proposed to employers to prevent the parameters from crossing the border of the catastrophe set that leads to a general strike.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44104,"journal":{"name":"EURO Journal on Decision Processes","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 79-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40070-020-00111-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44530701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing an automated clinical laboratory: optimization challenges and opportunities","authors":"Claudia Archetti ,&nbsp;M.Grazia Speranza ,&nbsp;Emirena Garrafa","doi":"10.1007/s40070-019-00097-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40070-019-00097-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we analyze and discuss the optimization challenges and opportunities raised by the decision of building an automated clinical laboratory in a hospital unit. We first describe the general decision setting from a strategic, tactical and operational perspective. We then focus on the analysis of a practical case, i.e., the Central Laboratory of a large urban academic teaching hospital in the North of Italy, the ‘Spedali Civili’ in Brescia. We will describe the present situation and the research opportunities related to the study of possible improvements of the management of the laboratory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44104,"journal":{"name":"EURO Journal on Decision Processes","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 41-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40070-019-00097-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47812825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pythagorean fuzzy ordered weighted averaging aggregation operator and their application to multiple attribute group decision-making","authors":"K. Rahman ,&nbsp;S. Abdullah ,&nbsp;A. Ali ,&nbsp;F. Amin","doi":"10.1007/s40070-020-00110-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40070-020-00110-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of the present work is twofold. First, Pythagorean fuzzy ordered weighted averaging (PFOWA) aggregation operator is introduced along with its desirable properties, namely commutatively, idempotency, boundedness and monotonicity. Finally, the proposed operator is applied to decision making problems to show the validity, practicality and effectiveness of the new approach. The main advantage of using the proposed method is that this method gives more accurate results as compared to the existing methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44104,"journal":{"name":"EURO Journal on Decision Processes","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 61-77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40070-020-00110-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48048546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving resilience of reservoir operation in the context of watercourse regulation in Finland","authors":"Jyri Mustajoki ,&nbsp;Mika Marttunen","doi":"10.1007/s40070-019-00099-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40070-019-00099-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Resilience management aims to increase the ability of the system to respond to adverse events. In this study, we develop and apply a structured framework for assessing the resilience of the decision-making process related to reservoir (or lake) regulation with the resilience matrix approach. Our study area is Finland, where the initiatives for the regulation have typically been hydro power production or flood prevention, but nowadays recreational and environmental issues are also increasingly considered. The main objectives of this study are twofold. First, it aims to provide support for reservoir operators and supervisors of the water course regulation projects in their work for identifying the possible threats and actions to diminish their consequences. Second, it studies the applicability of the resilience matrix approach in a quite specifically defined operational process, as most of the earlier applications have focused on a more general context. Our resilience matrix was developed in close co-operation with reservoir operators and supervisors of regulation by means of two workshops and a survey. For the practical application of the matrix, we created an evaluation form for assessing the resilience of a single dam operation process and for evaluating the cost efficiency of the actions identified to improve the resilience. The approach was tested on a dam controlling the water level of a middle-sized lake, where it proved to be a competent way to systematically assess resilience.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44104,"journal":{"name":"EURO Journal on Decision Processes","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 359-386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40070-019-00099-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42906018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}