Science of Gymnastics Journal最新文献

{"title":"ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN DEPENDING ON VARIOUS TEACHING METHODS WHEN PRACTICING THE ABC GYMNASTICS PROGRAMME","authors":"M. Videmšek, Tjaša Logaj, G. Starc, Vedrana Sember, D. Karpljuk, A. Šuštaršič","doi":"10.52165/sgj.13.3.371-384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.13.3.371-384","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44084,"journal":{"name":"Science of Gymnastics Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44078216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECCENTRIC PEAK TORQUE OF THE KNEE FLEXORS AND EXTENSORS RELATES TO BACKWARD SOMERSAULT HEIGHT IN FEMALE JUNIOR ARTISTIC GYMNASTS","authors":"S. Möck, Alina Korrmann, Petra Nissinen, K. Wirth","doi":"10.52165/sgj.13.2.211-219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.13.2.211-219","url":null,"abstract":"Artistic gymnastics consist of a high amount of jumping actions with rotations around one or more axes. To achieve an optimal flight height to perform the desired number of rotations, the movement pattern and the floor characteristics have to be concerted optimally. To account for the required leg stiffness to utilize the floor’s elasticity, the leg musculature has to generate high forces during the ground contact in an eccentric manner. Thus, eccentric strength of the knee musculature might play an important role for somersault height and run-up velocity in the vault. We investigated the correlation of eccentric peak torque of the knee flexors and extensors and vertical jumping height with backward somersault height and sprinting velocity in female junior artistic gymnasts. The results showed medium to strong, significant correlations between eccentric peak torque and backward somersault height as well as sprinting velocity. Vertical jumping height revealed significant correlations with somersault height and sprinting velocity. Eccentric strength seems to play an important role in joint stiffness regulation to utilize the elastic recoil of gymnastic floors and springboards. In the sprint approaching the vault, the same mechanism seems apparent and is in accordance with findings regarding the sprint in different sports.","PeriodicalId":44084,"journal":{"name":"Science of Gymnastics Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41914458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CREATION OF A TEST BATTERY FOR THE EVALUATION OF RHYTHMIC FEELINGS IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN THE FIELD OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT","authors":"A. Kašparová, Kateřina Doležalová, V. Novotná","doi":"10.52165/sgj.13.2.231-241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.13.2.231-241","url":null,"abstract":"Optimal movement rhythmisation is considered one of the basic prerequisites for improvements in the quality of movement performance using a particular technique. Well-developed rhythm-movement patterns play a role in successful learning of various physical activities as well as in athletic performance. University students – future PE and sports teachers – should improve their rhythmic feel skills during their studies so that they can use them later in their work and develop them in their future students. This requires the creation of a test battery for the evaluation of rhythmic feel skills through a series of music tests. This paper presents the results of tests taken by 121 university students at UK FTVS in Prague, the Czech Republic, and AWFIS in Gdaňsk, Poland. The test battery focused on three types of music-motor skills: perception skills and activities (items 1-18), reproduction skills and activities (items 19-27) and production skills and activities (item 28). The data were statistically processed using the classical test theory (factor analysis) and the item response theory (two-parameter model). Statistical methods also included reliability calculation and test validity. The expected rejection of the proposed hypothesis was confirmed both for the classical test theory and for the item response theory. The only exception was model 4 where, however, fit indices (especially TLI = 0.537) pointed more at a lack of evidence for hypothesis rejection than a perfect conformity of the model and data. The intention was to create and test models with the best data compliance. The best data compliance was found in models no. 1 and 5. Model 1 [CFI = 0.927, TLI=0.916, SRMR = 0.09, RMSEA (5 %) = 0.03, RMSEA (95 %) = 0.059] had a structure that corresponded to the proposed test battery and showed a relatively good compliance with data although IRT identified several problematic items. Model 5 [CFI = 0.956, TLI=0,942, SRMR = 0.073, RMSEA (5 %) = 0.03, RMSEA (95 %) = 0.111] was unidimensional (reproduction factor feeding items 19 through 27) and its fit indices showed better compliance of model and data. An optimised test battery should be developed based on these models followed by another validation of the test battery using statistical analyses.","PeriodicalId":44084,"journal":{"name":"Science of Gymnastics Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42337821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MUSCLE FLEXIBILITY AND EXPLOSIVE POWER IN YOUNG ARTISTIC GYMNAST BOYS AT DIFFERENT PERFORMANCE LEVEL","authors":"S. Marefat, Bahram Mohammad Ebrahim, Mogharnasi Mehdi","doi":"10.52165/sgj.13.2.253-262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.13.2.253-262","url":null,"abstract":"A gymnast can not succeed without enough muscle strength and endurance. The aim of this study was to determine the differences between explosive power and flexibility in young boy gymnasts at different performance levels. Ninety-five young boys who participated in this study were divided into three groups: two artistic gymnast groups (N=53) and a sedentary (N=42) group. Artistic gymnasts were classified by their performance level and sports history to an elite (E, N=15) and/or a non-elite (Ne, N=38) group. The explosive power of subjects was determined via vertical and standing long jumps. The sit and reach flexibility test was used to determine lower body muscle flexibility. Our results showed that explosive power and flexibility test records were significantly different among the three groups (P≤0.001). They led to a conclusion that sport specific exercise training resulted in a concurrent improvement in explosive power and flexibility of young gymnasts.","PeriodicalId":44084,"journal":{"name":"Science of Gymnastics Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48851207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A COMPARISON OF TIME OF FLIGHT AND HORIZONTAL DISPLACEMENT SCORES IN TRAMPOLINE GYMNASTICS ROUTINES","authors":"M. Kosova, Sercin Kosova","doi":"10.52165/sgj.13.2.221-229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.13.2.221-229","url":null,"abstract":"In trampoline gymnastics, elements with low difficulty values are given more place in the first routines in accordance with the international competition rules. In the second routines, because the difficulty value of all the elements performed earn points for the gymnast, elements with high difficulty values are preferred. This difference may affect other score types in the routines. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to compare the time of flight and horizontal displacement scores in first and second routines. The results of the 2019-2020 Trampoline Gymnastics Turkish Championship constituted the data of the study. In both competitions, both the entire group and the female and male groups were evaluated. Except for the 2019 male horizontal displacement scores, the time of flight and horizontal displacement scores of all groups were found to be statistically significantly lower in the second routines compared with the first routines (p<0.05). According to these results, the trampoline gymnasts preferred more complex and difficult elements to obtain high difficulty scores in the second routines in accordance with the international rules, which may have caused them to achieve lower time of flight and horizontal displacement scores compared with the first routines. Trainers and gymnasts should aim to increase the difficulty score without decreasing the total score while choosing elements for second routines. To find this difficulty level, trainings and trial competitions can be performed with routines with different difficulty scores.","PeriodicalId":44084,"journal":{"name":"Science of Gymnastics Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43596930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF DOUBLE BACK STRAIGHT SOMERSAULT AND DOUBLE BACK STRAIGHT SOMERSAULT WITH FULL TWIST ON RINGS","authors":"S. Kolimechkov, Iliya Yanev, Iliya Kiuchukov","doi":"10.52165/sgj.13.2.191-202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.13.2.191-202","url":null,"abstract":"The rings are one of the six apparatuses in men's artistic gymnastics. The final element in a rings’ routine is in many cases a crucial skill for scoring the routine. Most of the medallists on rings from the Olympic Games and World Championships for the last 20 years performed either the double back straight somersault or the double back straight somersault with a full twist. The purpose of this study was to conduct a kinematic analysis of double back straight somersault and double back straight somersault with a full twist on rings. The participants selected for this study were the world-class gymnasts Filip Yanev and Jordan Jovchev. The dismounts were recorded with a DV camera by following a standard method of kinematic analysis. During the execution phase, the ankle speed of Gymnast 1 reached 11.11 m/s and that of Gymnast 2 was 11.29 m/s, and the angular velocity increased substantially to 10.0 rad/s and 9.05 rad/s for Gymnast 1 and 2, respectively. The rotational impulse was sufficient for the successful execution of both dismounts. The actions of Gymnast 2 needed for the full twist, including a small arm asymmetry, began just before releasing the rings. The arching-to-piking action beneath the rings, as well as the powerful pull, combined with a sufficient swing of the legs, are crucial factors for the successful execution of the dismounts.","PeriodicalId":44084,"journal":{"name":"Science of Gymnastics Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49211509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE SPARTAKIADE AS A PHENOMENON IN THE SOCIO-CULTURAL AND SPORTS DIMENSION IN THE TERRITORY OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA","authors":"Michal Bábela, J. Oborný","doi":"10.52165/sgj.13.2.157-179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.13.2.157-179","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to provide a description of the emergence and genesis of the Spartakiade in the territory of former Czechoslovakia. In the article, we focused on the origin and development of mass sport in Czechoslovakia since 1918, on the emergence and genesis of the Spartakiade and the definition of the term “Spartakiade”. In this paper, we also present a chronological name list and a brief course of individual Spartakiades that were held in the territory of Czechoslovakia within the period 1955 – 1985.","PeriodicalId":44084,"journal":{"name":"Science of Gymnastics Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48272161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACUTE EFFECTS OF DYNAMIC AND PNF STRETCHING ON LEG AND VERTICAL STIFFNESS ON FEMALE GYMNASTS","authors":"G. Dallas, P. Pappas, C. Dallas, G. Paradisis","doi":"10.52165/sgj.13.2.263-273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.13.2.263-273","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to investigate the acute effect of Dynamic (DS) and PNF stretching on leg (Kleg) and vertical stiffness (Kvert) on female gymnasts. Thirty-one female athletes from various types of gymnastics (artistic, rhythmic, team gymnastics) participated in this study ([Mean ± SD] age: 22.32 ± 3.35 years, height: 164.87 ± 4.96 cm, body mass: 57.20 ± 6.54 kg) performed 30 sec running bouts at 4.44 m *s-1, under 3 different stretching protocols (PNF, DS, and no stretching [NS]). The total duration in each stretching condition was 6 minutes, and each of the 4 muscle groups was stretched for 40 seconds. Leg and vertical stiffness values were calculated using the “sine wave” method. No significant influence of stretching type on Kleg and Kvert were found after DS and PNF stretching. However, significant changes were found in Fmax, Dy, flight time (tf), step rate (SR), and step length (SL) after DS and PNF stretching protocol, indicating that DS produced greater changes compared to PNF protocol.","PeriodicalId":44084,"journal":{"name":"Science of Gymnastics Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43005212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USE OF OBJECTIVE METHODS TO DETERMINE THE HOLDING TIME OF HOLD ELEMENTS ON STILL RINGS","authors":"T. Lehmann, Alexander Winter, Alexander Seemann-Sinn, F. Naundorf","doi":"10.52165/sgj.13.2.181-189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.13.2.181-189","url":null,"abstract":"The duration of holding elements represents a critical factor for judging routines on the still rings in artistic gymnastics. Athletes can be penalized with non-recognition of an element if the hold time is too short. Dynamometric and kinematic measuring methods offer the possibility to provide support to judges in evaluating the duration of the hold time. In this study a dynamometric method with two different variants (dms10 and dms5) as well as a kinematic method (kms) based on a trained neural network were presented and examined with regard to their agreement with judges’ evaluations when determining the hold time. To check the agreement, a) the percentage agreement and b) the interrater reliability were calculated using Cohen's kappa (k). The two dynamometric methods showed a percentage agreement of 83.5% (dms10) and 51.7% (dms5) with the hold time evaluation by judges. The percentage agreement of the kms was 38.8%. The interrater reliability showed for the dms10 a moderate (k = 0.58) and for the dms5 a fair (k = 0.23) agreement, while the kms showed a poor (k = 0.02) match. The results supported dms10 for its possible use as a practicable and reliable method to assist judges in evaluating hold times on the still rings. Dms5 and kms (in the current development stage) were not suitable as means of judges’ support.","PeriodicalId":44084,"journal":{"name":"Science of Gymnastics Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41677302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANTHROPOMETRIC AND MOTOR CHANGES AFTER ONE-YEAR AEROBIC GYMNASTICS TRAINING IN YOUNG GYMNASTS","authors":"Anita Lamošová, O. Kyselovičová, Petra Tomková","doi":"10.52165/sgj.13.2.243-251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.13.2.243-251","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of one-year specific aerobic gymnastics training on selected anthropometric and motor parameters in 6-11-year-old girls. 23 girls (average age in the beginning of the study was 8.04 ± 1.22 years) were involved in the study representing 2 different aerobic gymnastics sports clubs in Slovakia. The selected group completed their regular trainings and competitions for a period of one year. Measurements were taken in January 2019 and January 2020, in the middle of the preparatory period. Normality of distribution of the traits was examined using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Considering anthropometric parameters, there were significant changes (p≤0.01) in body height, body weight and BMI. Considering motor parameters, the mean values of straddle support hold and back extension endurance test increased significantly to the level of p≤0.05. The mean values of 4x10m shuttle run, standing long jump, modified push-ups, sit-ups in 60s increased significantly to the level of p≤0.01. No significant changes were observed in bent arm hang test or hanging knee tucks. On the other hand, the values of 1 leg stand with eyes closed and 2-min endurance shuttle run decreased insignificantly.","PeriodicalId":44084,"journal":{"name":"Science of Gymnastics Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46003731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}