African Journal of Science, Technology and Social Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Analyzing sustainability efforts in supporting the Green Library Initiative by Kenyan University Libraries","authors":"John Maina, Faith Mwendwa Mwiti","doi":"10.58506/ajstss.v2i2.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58506/ajstss.v2i2.214","url":null,"abstract":"In response to global concerns about sustainability in education, the Green Library Initiative has gained prominence. However, Kenyan university libraries have yet to actively participate in this initiative, highlighting a significant gap. The primary aim was to investigate the sustainable practices of Kenyan university libraries, uncovering their strategies, challenges, and achievements in supporting the Green Library Initiative. By exploring this untapped potential, the research aimed to narrow this divide and provide insights to enhance the role of Kenyan university libraries in promoting sustainability within education. This study employs a systematic literature review to comprehensively explore sustainable practices and the engagement of Kenyan university libraries in the Green Library Initiative. Using a qualitative research approach, it qualitatively analyzes and synthesizes relevant literature, allowing for a thorough examination of the role and impact of Kenyan university libraries in promoting sustainability within the context of the Green Library Initiative. The findings reveal a diverse range of initiatives, from energy-efficient infrastructure to resource conservation and community engagement. Despite facing unique challenges, such as resource limitations and infrastructure constraints, Kenyan university libraries exhibit commendable dedication to environmental stewardship. The study concludes that these libraries play a pivotal role in fostering a culture of sustainability within academic communities. Consequently, this study emphasizes the pivotal role of Kenyan university libraries in promoting the Green Library Initiative. Recommendations are directed towards these libraries, urging them to establish stronger partnerships with environmental organizations, allocate resources more effectively for sustainable practices, and encourage knowledge sharing within the library community. The novelty of this research lies in its targeted exploration of Kenyan university libraries' impact on the global sustainability agenda, offering actionable insights with the potential to inspire similar initiatives in educational institutions worldwide.","PeriodicalId":440319,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Science, Technology and Social Sciences","volume":"14 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141375627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"male gender construct:","authors":"Robert Kaberia Mangati, E. T. Shikuku, John Geofrey Mugubi","doi":"10.58506/ajstss.v2i2.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58506/ajstss.v2i2.148","url":null,"abstract":"Generally, how men are presented in cinematic medium tells how the representation speaks about them and their societies. The portrayal of men and the attendant representation should be progressive to transform their masculine behaviours and practices. This paper addresses the male gender construct and its attendant masculine representation in the following Kenyan Drama Films: Nairobi Half-life [2O2O] by Tosh Gitonga, The Village Casanova [2O1O] by Simon Nduti and Fifty Fifty [2O2O] by Simon Muiruri. While acknowledging existence of Marginal and Aspirational masculinity in Kenya as described by Izugbara and Egesa [ 2O17], This paper also attempts to glimpse into how they are represented in the chosen films and the attendant consequential societal “boomerang” effect this has on gender mainstreaming. The primary data obtained from thematic analysis of the chosen films unveils masculinities shaped by gender, social and economic status of the men who are shown to ascribe to them. The masculinities of the characters are complex, fluid and driven by their socio-cultural economic perspectives. They regularly clash with the progressive realities opposing the hegemonic masculine ideals in the fast changing world. The retrogressive masculine connotations ascribed to the men through filmic representation are his major undoing in the modern day gender realignment struggles. Negative portrayal showing men as patriarchal and hegemonic may fuel gender disharmony because cinema has a monumental influence in changing people’s perspectives and attitudes. Representations of Males in less chauvinistic viewpoints are needed to steer the society towards gender equilibrium.","PeriodicalId":440319,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Science, Technology and Social Sciences","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141375338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"influence of resource planning practices in faecal sludge management system in Embu County","authors":"Cyrus Mugendi, Dorothy Kagendo, Patrick Kubai","doi":"10.58506/ajstss.v2i2.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58506/ajstss.v2i2.173","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to assess the influence resource planning influences the implementation of a faecal sludge management system in Embu County between March and December 2022, adopting a descriptive research design. The population included 655 individuals, with a sample size determined using Taro Yamane's formula for landlords and a census method for top managers, technical officers, contractors, and individuals involved in exhausting. Research instruments comprised scheduled questionnaires and interviews, with ethical considerations obtained from relevant authorities. Data analysis utilized SPSS Version 26 for both qualitative and quantitative data, employing thematic analysis for qualitative data and descriptive and inferential analyses for quantitative data. Findings revealed a notable gender imbalance and age-related impacts on perceptions in fecal sludge management. Resource planning effectiveness indicated strengths in objective setting, communication, and risk management, significantly influencing system implementation. Recommendations include strengthening the strategic framework, enhancing vision and mission statements, refining financial planning, addressing role comprehension gaps, aligning resource planning with project timelines, and implementing regular monitoring and evaluation for ongoing improvements. Overall, the study emphasizes the pivotal role of resource planning in the success of fecal sludge management projects and highlights areas for improvement to enhance effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":440319,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Science, Technology and Social Sciences","volume":"26 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140673041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Security intrusion monitoring model for Internet of Things (IoT) using sniffing tools on wireless sensor networks","authors":"Gitonga Imathiu, Amos Chege, Amos O. Omamo","doi":"10.58506/ajstss.v2i2.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58506/ajstss.v2i2.164","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the way devices interact and share data over wireless sensor networks (WSN), enabling seamless connectivity and automation. However, the proliferation of IoT devices has raised serious security and privacy risks concerns due to their inherent vulnerabilities. This paper proposes a model for security intrusion monitoring by analyzing the existing literature and providing insights into the design, implementation, and effective deployment of the proposed model to detect intrusion in IoT using sniffing tools for network traffic analysis in real-time within WSN. The model passively monitors network traffic and identifies anomalous patterns, unauthorized access attempts, and abnormal device behavior. The review findings highlight the significance of the proposed model in enhancing the security of IoT systems. By detecting anomalous behavior and potential security breaches. The model enables timely response and mitigation actions to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability (CIA) of IoT devices data. The model includes consideration of network architecture, deployment of intrusion detection algorithms, and establishment of response mechanisms. It identifies various types of security threats, such as unauthorized access attempts, Denial-of-service, Distributed DoS, Brute-force, Heartbleed, Botnet, Inside Infiltration and device tampering, thereby providing response mechanisms that include generating alerts, isolating compromised devices, or blocking suspicious network traffic. The model incorporates a feedback loop to continuously update the detection mechanisms and adapt to evolving security threats in real-time. Series of experiments and simulations to be conducted using various IoT devices and network scenarios to evaluate model effectiveness. The model to comprise of wireless Router, MatLab for Deep Neural Network (DNN) training, Raspberry Pi, Wireshark setup and an array of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The researcher to use dataset by extracting intrinsic, host-based and time-based attributes from Wireshark Sniffing tool. The datasets generated shall be piped by tshark to an output text file saved as a csv. Under-sampling technique to be used to address class imbalance of datasets. The model shall then be trained using the dataset to be able to detect intrusion in IoTs. The results is expected to demonstrate the model's ability to detect a wide range of security intrusions with high accuracy and minimal false positives. In conclusion, the model offers a proactive approach to safeguard IoT deployment. By leveraging sniffing tools and advanced analysis techniques, the model enhances the detection and response capabilities, enabling efficient protection against emerging threats in IoT. However, challenges associated with the model are identified, including the complexity of network monitoring and potential privacy concerns.","PeriodicalId":440319,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Science, Technology and Social Sciences","volume":"81 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sanitation risk factors contributing to diarrhea in children below five years in Igembe South Sub-County, Meru County, Kenya.","authors":"Jacob Anampiu, Jane Rutto, Maryjoy Kaimuri, Patrick Kubai","doi":"10.58506/ajstss.v2i2.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58506/ajstss.v2i2.201","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Lack of safe water, poor hygiene, and poor sanitation account for about 90% of the diarrheal diseases in the world. Globally, half a million people lack adequate sanitation, leading to fatalities for over five million people annually. In Kenya, diarrhea still remains one of the top five causes of morbidity and mortality in children below 5 years. \u0000Aim: To identify the household sanitation risk factors contributing to diarrhea in under-five-year-old children in Igembe South Sub County in Meru County, Kenya. \u0000Study Design: A retrospective and cross-sectional study. \u0000Place and Duration of the study: Nyambene Sub-County Hospital, Igembe South Sub-County in Meru County, Kenya between December 2022 and March 2023. \u0000Methodology: The sample size was 196 children calculated from a population of 3,332 children who had diarrhea in Igembe South Sub County out of 22412 children who had diarrhea in Meru County for the last year. Data was analyzed by use of SPSS (2022) and ANOVA. \u0000Results: The study found a strong link (p=0.0034) between diarrhea cases in children under five and the absence of household latrines, as well as sanitation-related factors. It noted that many households lacked proper latrines, and many caregivers did not practice hand washing after handling child feces. \u0000Conclusion: The study identified access to safe drinking water as a key factor in reducing diarrhea in young children. The study recommends close monitoring of sanitation facilities and ongoing assessments of water source safety by the County Government of Meru and other stakeholders to improve overall hygiene and reduce diarrhea cases in the region.","PeriodicalId":440319,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Science, Technology and Social Sciences","volume":"56 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140677383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) in Merti Sub-County, Isiolo County: A Case of Socio-Cultural Challenges","authors":"Victor Mwiti Marangu, Prof. Robert Mburugu Kei Robert Mburugu Kei, Dr. Dorothy Kagendo Dorothy Kagendo Kithinji","doi":"10.58506/ajstss.v2i2.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58506/ajstss.v2i2.205","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) also known as Kala-azar is a fatal neglected tropical disease (NTD) with a 95% fatality rate among untreated cases. Although there is little information available about the disease's prevalence in Isiolo County, it is extremely endemic in a number of villages in Merti Sub-County.\u0000Case Presentation: In this case presentation, a family of three children resulted to traditional therapy when the children contracted Kala-azar. All the three children exhibited signs of fever, loss of appetite, swollen abdomen, vomiting, and general weakness.\u0000Discussion: Low levels of Visceral Leishmaniasis knowledge, ignorance characterized by cultural beliefs, and the use of local therapies are among socio-cultural challenges impeding implementation of effective Kala-azar control strategies in Isiolo County.\u0000Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of focused community awareness for prompt and efficient diagnosis and treatment to lower Kala-azar prevalence, monitoring the burden and spread of the disease as well as lowering transmission.","PeriodicalId":440319,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Science, Technology and Social Sciences","volume":"73 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140677494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance validation for an Internet of Things (IoT)-based Model for hydro-electric monitoring","authors":"Lisper Mutwiri, A. C. Kirongo, Samson Munialo","doi":"10.58506/ajstss.v2i2.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58506/ajstss.v2i2.182","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, hydro-power has been considered the cheapest renewable source of energy. This form of energy production entirely depends on the water levels which in turn causes a major concern of ensuring that the monitoring systems involved are capable of ensuring monitoring in the prevention of disasters. The disasters involved range from floods and drought conditions that would lead to low power production led by lack of enough water draining in the reservoirs'. Several systems have been implemented to come up with a convenient and efficient monitoring system. With the freedom given to software developers in developing the procedures, an evaluation of the system's performance must be performed to enable this transformation. Therefore, the study selected an already existing real-time monitoring system using Lora Technology in hydroelectric monitoring to conduct the performance validation. A total of one hundred and twenty readings were taken to be validated with the other models used. Consistency, accuracy, latency, and throughput were used to validate the IoT-based model's performance. During the performance validation, the study found that the system achieved all the functionalities expected in its assessment. Therefore, IoT-based systems have the potential to inform future hydroelectric monitoring practices.","PeriodicalId":440319,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Science, Technology and Social Sciences","volume":"27 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140676185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of literature on Recommender Models for career pathway selection in Competency-Based Education","authors":"Fridah Kainyu, M. Mwadulo, Samson Munialo","doi":"10.58506/ajstss.v2i2.200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58506/ajstss.v2i2.200","url":null,"abstract":"In Competency-based Education (CBE), learners acquire skills and knowledge through a personalized and flexible learning path, based on their prior knowledge and skills. To support learners in selecting career pathways that match their interests and competencies, recommender models are widely used. Recommender models (RM) analyze learners' competencies, interests and goals to suggest career pathways suited for them. This paper reviews literature by analyzing recommender models used for career pathway selection in CBE through desk study. First, it explains the concepts of CBE. Secondly, it discusses the types of recommender models used for career pathway selection in CBE. Lastly, it discusses various recommender models developed for career pathway selection highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. Findings from the review reveals that hybrid recommender model is popularly employed for career pathway selection compared to content-based, knowledge-based, and collaborative filtering recommender models as it gives a higher level of accuracy in the recommendation. Overall, this review paper contributes to the growing body of literature on recommender models for career pathway selection in CBE. In addition, it provides valuable insights for practitioners, researchers and emphasizes the need for future research to address the challenges associated with recommender models for career pathway selection in CBE. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":440319,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Science, Technology and Social Sciences","volume":"82 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of managerial roles of secondary school Principals in implementing Competency Based Curriculum (CBC) in Tigania West Sub-county, Meru, Kenya","authors":"Jacinta Mukiri, I. Njati, M. Thuranira","doi":"10.58506/ajstss.v2i2.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58506/ajstss.v2i2.153","url":null,"abstract":"The study sought to analyze roles of secondary school principal in implementing Competency Based Curriculum (CBC) in Tigania west Sub County. The objectives of the study were; determining leadership skills possessed by principals in secondary schools; establishing availability of resources used by principals; examining how principals involve teachers in monitoring and evaluation; and establishing ways in which principals are involving parents in implementation of competency based curriculum. The study was conducted using descriptive survey design. The target population in the study was 867 participants; 51 principals, 255 HoDs, 510 teachers, and 51 parents in the study area. The sample size of 10 principals, 30 HoDs, 60 teachers and 10 parents were selected using Yamene sample size tables. The test instruments used to collect data were questionnaires, observation checklists and interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data was coded analyzed and interpreted using statistical packages for social sciences version 20.0 and summarized into frequency tables, pie charts and bar charts. The response rate was 98.5%. The findings of the study revealed that; principals use democratic and transformational leadership styles which inspire teachers to interact with other teachers; enhance cluster setting of exams, marking and attending workshops together which enhance assessment of learners. In addition, parents are involved in junior secondary school because since CBC had not started in senior Secondary schools. From the findings, the study concluded that, 80% of the secondary school principals are not ready to implement the Competency Based Curriculum due to resource constraints and in-service training of teachers. The study also found that, parents are not much involved on the implementation of Competency Based Curriculum (CBC) in the secondary schools in Tigania West Sub- County in Kenya","PeriodicalId":440319,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Science, Technology and Social Sciences","volume":"3 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140674160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing usability of University websites in meeting the expectations of students: a survey of literature","authors":"Gitonga Imathiu, Mary Mwadulo","doi":"10.58506/ajstss.v2i2.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58506/ajstss.v2i2.168","url":null,"abstract":"University websites are gateways to display resources offered by an institution (Mentes, 2012). As such first impression, attractiveness, controllability, helpfulness, efficiency and learnability as defined by Website analysis and measurement inventory (WAMMI) (Jabar et al., 2013) is critical in the design of websites. Unfortunately, most Universities Websites design are often driven by technology, organizational structure, or institution's objectives, rather than by its usability from the perspective of students (Undu & Akuma, 2018). This reduces chances of converting a prospective student into a current student after failing to get inquiries into enrollment opportunities in the university. To increase the usability of University websites it is necessary to increase the visibility and accessibility of all website related content. This result into the need of evaluating university websites a process that is very vague and a times usually unknown to most developers, which adversely then impacts the student experience when visiting such websites.  To address this problem, standard usability metrics need to be considered to examine the university websites to analyze whether these websites are able to meet the requirements of customer number one who is the student. These metrics comprise of ease of use (simplicity), design (layout), navigation, organization, communication and content. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used by different researchers to evaluate processes involved by analyzing questionnaires responded to by students after browsing several university websites. In addition, various technological innovations aimed at increasing and improving the web presence were used which involved re-designing of websites using the latest state of the art technologies so as to improve its usability as well as use of automated tools like Web Accessibility checker, HERA and WAVE. After reviewing different literature a valuable insight on key Usability, attributes for websites are noted to be of essence in designing website to meet students’ expectations.","PeriodicalId":440319,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Science, Technology and Social Sciences","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140672633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}