Mental Illness最新文献

{"title":"Ankle edema after administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.","authors":"Konstantinos Kontoangelos,&nbsp;Marina Ecomomou,&nbsp;Charalambos Papageorgiou","doi":"10.4081/mi.2018.7364","DOIUrl":"10.4081/mi.2018.7364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical manifestations of drug-induced skin reactions include a wide range of symptoms, from mild drug-induced exanthemas to dangerous and life-threatening generalized systematic reactions. Drug-induced skin reactions to psychotropic medication are usually associated with antiepileptic drugs. However, a significant role can be assigned to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. We report a case of a female patient, who after approximately one month therapy with escitalopram developed a bilateral ankle edema, which resolved completely within the first week following its discontinuation. Although serious complications are rare, clinicians should be aware of severe skin complications in patients treated with antidepressants, which necessitate careful clinical monitoring and management. Individualization of pharmacotherapy is crucial, together with regular evaluation of safety and tolerance of the treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2018-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/mi.2018.7364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36345414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Turkish adaptation and psychometric properties of the Geriatric Anxiety Scale.","authors":"Faika Sanal Karahan,&nbsp;Erdal Hamarta,&nbsp;Ali Yavuz Karahan","doi":"10.4081/mi.2018.7580","DOIUrl":"10.4081/mi.2018.7580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of the present study is to translate and adapt the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS), a 30-item self-report measure of anxiety among older adults, into Turkish and examine its basic psychometric properties. We tested the translated GAS in a sample of community-dwelling older adults in Konya, Turkey (<i>N</i>=100; <i>M</i>_age=71.4 years, <i>SD</i>=6.5; range=65-88) without a history of mental disorder and sufficient cognitive abilities. To assess the convergent validity, Turkish versions of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were administered. The mean GAS total score was 13.33 (<i>SD</i>=11.86). Due to low item-total correlations (<0.30), two items (items 2 and 3) were removed from the Turkish version of the GAS. The internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha) was excellent for the total score (0.91) and acceptable for the subscales (somatic = 0.71; cognitive = 0.85; affective = 0.84). Regarding the convergent validity, the GAS total score was significantly and positively correlated with the total scores of the BAI (<i>r</i>=0.87, P<0.05) and GDS (<i>r</i>=0.57, P<0.05), with large effect sizes.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The newly translated Turkish version of the GAS has promising utility in an older adult Turkish sample. Future studies of this measure are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2018-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/mi.2018.7580","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36345416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relaxation effect of prolonged expiratory breathing.","authors":"Teruhisa Komori","doi":"10.4081/mi.2018.7669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mi.2018.7669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was performed to confirm that autonomic nervous activity is affected by breathing speed. I hypothesized that prolonged expiratory breathing would promote parasympathetic dominance, whereas rapid breathing would promote sympathetic dominance. Ten healthy men, ages 21-28 years old, were instructed to perform prolonged expiratory breathing (6 seconds expiration, 4 seconds inspiration) after spontaneous breathing and rapid breathing (1 second expiration, 1 second inspiration) after spontaneous breathing; changes in high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF)/HF of heart rate variability (HRV) were measured during each type of breathing. During prolonged expiratory breathing, parasympathetic nervous function was significantly activated. Conversely, during rapid breathing, parasympathetic nervous function was significantly suppressed. The HRV method assessing sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation in this study is an indirect, non-invasive method with clear limitations. The use of additional techniques should be considered to clarify the relationships between the breathing speed and the mind.</p>","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2018-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/mi.2018.7669","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36345421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peduncular hallucinosis associated with a pontine cavernoma.","authors":"Michael Couse,&nbsp;Todd Wojtanowicz,&nbsp;Sean Comeau,&nbsp;Robert Bota","doi":"10.4081/mi.2018.7586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mi.2018.7586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peduncluar hallucinosis is a rare neurological disorder characterized by visual hallucinations, often described to be vivid and dream-like. While the exact pathophysiology has yet to be elucidated, most cases to date have suggested an etiology stemming from lesions to the thalamus or midbrain. Here presented is a case of a 54-year-old female with peduncular hallucinosis secondary to a pontine cavernoma hemorrhage in the setting of essential hypertension. The patient's vivid visual and auditory hallucinations aligned temporally with the lesion's discovery and resolved after pharmaceutical treatment. This case represents a rare form of peduncular hallucinosis secondary to a pontine cavernoma hemorrhage leading to vasospasm in the arteries feeding the brain-stem.</p>","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2018-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/mi.2018.7586","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36345418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuity of care for patients with schizophrenia in communities with limited resources.","authors":"Andy Trang","doi":"10.4081/mi.2018.7585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mi.2018.7585","url":null,"abstract":"For psychiatric patients with schizophrenia the rate of readmission to the hospital can be high and the need for continuation of quality care after hospitalization is tremendous and plays a large role in helping patients remain stable to prevent readmission. However, such resources for continuing care are often difficult to obtain, especially in rural communities where access to such services are limited and the burden of care is frequently placed on family members who do not have formal training in caring for patients with such psychiatric illnesses. In such communities, it is important to emphasize education for the caregivers and establishing a system of support from local community organizations for both the patient and their caregivers to reduce caregiver burnout as well as prevent rehospitalization for the patient. Studies by Juntapim et al. evaluated such continuity of care in rural Thailand and emphasized the need for community involvement including family, neighbors, and community leaders for the continuing care of the patient’s mental illness as well as social support. While such community support is invaluable, it often places a large burden on caregivers to provide such social, emotional, and financial support. A meta-analysis by Chen et al. demonstrated that non-pharmacological interventions such as psychoeducation, mutual support, and interventions through counseling, telephone, and the internet for such caregivers was able to improve quality of life without changing family functioning, support, and overall satisfaction.1 In addition to the range of burdens placed on the caregiver in continuing to care for patient’s with schizophrenia, they are also often subjected to violence from the patients and may have fatal consequences, as reported by Kageyama et al.2 The need for patients with schizophrenia to have increased access to continuing care resources after hospitalization remains high and the burden of care is often placed on family members with limited training and resources. Despite such limited resources in rural communities, improvements on quality continuity of care is still possible by emphasizing education for caregivers in the community such as family members, recruiting support from local organizations such as religious centers, and having a clear crisis plan in the event that the patient psychiatric condition worsens. Additionally, intervention such as education, counseling, and community support for caregivers may help to reduce the burden of care and improve quality of life for both the caregiver and the patient. References","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2018-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/mi.2018.7585","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36345417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reluctance to change and end psychotherapy.","authors":"John E Berg","doi":"10.4081/mi.2017.7167","DOIUrl":"10.4081/mi.2017.7167","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f9/fd/mi-9-2-7167.PMC5768090.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35778022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social anxiety disorder and its impact in undergraduate students at Jazan University, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Ramzi M Hakami,&nbsp;Mohamed S Mahfouz,&nbsp;Abdulrahman M Adawi,&nbsp;Adeebah J Mahha,&nbsp;Alaa J Athathi,&nbsp;Hadi H Daghreeri,&nbsp;Hatim H Najmi,&nbsp;Nuha A Areeshi","doi":"10.4081/mi.2017.7274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mi.2017.7274","url":null,"abstract":"Although social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common mental disorder, it is often under diagnosed and under treated. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence, severity, disability, and quality of life towards SAD among students of Jazan University, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among a stratified sample of 500 undergraduate students to identify the prevalence of SAD, its correlates, related disability, and its impact on the quality life. All participants completed the Social Phobia Inventory, Leibowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Sheehan Disability Scale, and the WHO Quality of Life – BREF questionnaire. Of 476 students, 25.8% were screened positive for SAD. About 47.2% of the students had mild symptoms, 42.3% had moderate to marked symptoms, and 10.5% had severe to very severe symptoms of SAD. Students who resulted positive for SAD reported significant disabilities in work, social, and family areas, and this has adversely affected their quality of life as compared to those who screened negative for SAD. Students reported several clinical manifestations that affected their functioning and social life. Acting, performing or giving a talk in front of an audience was the most commonly feared situation. Blushing in front of people was the most commonly avoided situation. Since the present study showed a marked prevalence of SAD among students, increased disability, and impaired quality of life, rigorous efforts are needed for early recognition and treatment of SAD.","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/mi.2017.7274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35778024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric testing of immigrants and natives in an acute psychiatry facility.","authors":"John E Berg","doi":"10.4081/mi.2017.6987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mi.2017.6987","url":null,"abstract":"The diagnostic process after referral to an acute psychiatric treatment facility consists of more than the clinical investigation and laboratory tests. Psychometric tests in a broad range of languages may be such an augmentation of our diagnostic armamentarium. Whether such tests are in use, and how they are distributed among different patient categories was the aim of the study. All referrals in one calendar year (N=1168), as they are depicted in the hospital computerized medical records, were investigated. Fifty-six (6.1%) out of 926 ethnic Norwegians and six (3.0%) out of 198 non-Western immigrants were tested, whereas none of the 44 Western immigrants. The difference between ethnic Norwegians and the immigrants was significant (Z=-3.05 and P=0.002). Psychometric tests were thus almost not in use, and even lesser so in immigrants. Mean number of resident days was higher among those tested, 11.7 (SD=11.2) versus those not tested, 7.4 (SD=10.4) days, t=2.97 and P=0.004. Length of stay for ethnic Norwegians did not differ from that for non-Western immigrants 11.4 versus 11.7, respectively. The patients tested were older than those not tested. Mean age was 43.0 (SD=14.4) versus 38.8 (SD=12.1), with a t=2.65 and P=0.03. The difference in resident days between all immigrants and ethnic Norwegians was significant with a Z=- 2.232 and P=0.026. Level of testing was higher in ethnic Norwegians, and the tested patients stayed longer, maybe indicating more room for testing. Whether this low test-activity influences treatment quality is an unsettled question.","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/mi.2017.6987","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35778023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing focus of symptoms: A rare case report of Munchhausen's syndrome.","authors":"Melanie Hagen,&nbsp;Beatrice Faust,&nbsp;Nina Kunzelmann,&nbsp;Ozan Y Tektas,&nbsp;Johannes Kornhuber,&nbsp;Helge H O Müller","doi":"10.4081/mi.2017.7192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mi.2017.7192","url":null,"abstract":"Factitious disorder, commonly called Munchhausen’s syndrome, is a rare disorder that lacks evidence-based guidelines. Reporting clinical cases is important for sharing clinical experiences and treatment strategies. The symptoms and progression of the following case have not been previously reported in the literature. Here, we report a case involving a 41-year-old Caucasian with a suspected psychosomatic disorder. After intensive multi-professional diagnostics, we concluded that the patient had factitious disorder. The symptoms in this case changed rapidly during treatment, which posed a challenge. For factitious disorder, establishing interdisciplinary exchange is important. Symptoms that are normally treated by internists are most commonly described in the literature. This case demonstrates that psychiatrists are challenged by this diagnosis and should consider the possibility of factitious disorder when seeing patients diagnosed with somatoform disorders. The most important clinical conclusion was the importance of involving the patients’ relatives in the treatment of patients with factitious disorder.","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2017-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/mi.2017.7192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35613947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a further understanding of prenatal thyroid theory of homosexuality: Autoimmune thyroiditis, polycystic ovary syndrome, autism and low birth weight.","authors":"Osman Sabuncuoglu","doi":"10.4081/mi.2017.7325","DOIUrl":"10.4081/mi.2017.7325","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2017-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9f/b7/mi-9-2-7325.PMC5661141.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35613952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}