Mental Illness最新文献

{"title":"What Influences Treatment Satisfaction in Patients with Personality Disorders? A Naturalistic Investigation in a Hospitalization Setting","authors":"S. Gebhardt, M. Huber","doi":"10.4081/mi.2016.6868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mi.2016.6868","url":null,"abstract":"Treatment satisfaction of different mental disorders is still poorly understood, but of high clinical interest. Inpatients of a general psychiatric care hospital were asked to fill out questionnaires on satisfaction and clinical variables at admission and discharge. On the basis of an exploratory approach, differences in treatment satisfaction among diagnostic groups were examined by means of one-way analysis of variance. Potential associated clinical and socio-demographic variables were studied using multi/univariate tests. Patients with personality disorders (n=18) showed a significantly lower treatment satisfaction (ZUF-8, Zurich Satisfaction Questionnaire) and a slightly lower improvement of symptoms (CGI, Clinical Global Impression) and global functioning (GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning scale) than that of other diagnostic groups (n=95). Satisfaction in patients with personality disorders correlated much stronger with the symptom improvement and slightly with the functioning level than in patients without personality disorders. Interestingly, in patients with personality disorders psychopharmacological treatment in general (present versus not present) was independent from satisfaction. This exploratory investigation suggests that a lower satisfaction of patients with personality disorders in a general psychiatric hospital is mainly based on a reduced improvement of the symptoms and of the global functioning level.","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2016-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84125740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Mania Presenting with Hypersexual Behavior and Gender Dysphoria that Resolved with Valproic Acid","authors":"Michelle Heare, M. Barsky, Lawrence R. Faziola","doi":"10.4081/mi.2016.6546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mi.2016.6546","url":null,"abstract":"Hypersexuality and gender dysphoria have both been described in the literature as symptoms of mania. Hypersexuality is listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 as part of the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder. Gender dysphoria is less often described and its relation to mania remains unclear. This case report describes a young homosexual man presenting in a manic episode with co-morbid amphetamine abuse whose mania was marked by hypersexuality and the new onset desire to be a woman. Both of these symptoms resolved with the addition of valproic acid to antipsychotics. This case report presents the existing literature on hypersexuality and gender dysphoria in mania and describes a treatment option that has not been previously reported.","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2016-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79829255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Health Literacy Among Undergraduate Students of a Saudi Tertiary Institution: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Mohamed Mahfouz, Abdulwahab A. Aqeeli, A. Makeen, Ramzi M Hakami, Hatim H. Najmi, A. T. Mobarki, M. H. Haroobi, S. M. Almalki, M. A. Mahnashi, Osayd A. Ageel","doi":"10.4081/mi.2016.6806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mi.2016.6806","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of mental health literacy has been widely studied in developed countries, with few studies conducted in Arab countries. In this study we aimed to investigate mental health literacy and attitudes towards psychiatric patients among students of Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A crosssectional study was conducted among undergraduate students using a validated Arabicversion questionnaire. A total of 557 students were recruited from different Jazan university colleges. The majority of students (90.3%) have intermediate mental health literacy. Regarding the etiology of mental illness, students agreed that genetic inheritance (45.8%), poor quality of life (65%) and social relationship weakness (73.1%) are the main causes of mental illness. The majority thought that mentally ill people are not capable of true friendships (52.5%) and that anyone can suffer from a mental illness (49.4%). Students’ attitudes towards psychiatric patients were mixed, with 68.7% reporting that they could maintain a friendship with a mentally ill person and that people with mental illness should have the same rights as anyone else (82.5%). Mental health literacy among university students was intermediate. There is an urgent need for health educational programs to change the attitudes of students regarding this important health issue.","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2016-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81241146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living in the present","authors":"H. Carel","doi":"10.4324/9781315543420.CH32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315543420.CH32","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2016-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75460579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Link Between Maternal Thyroid Hormone and Sexual Orientation?","authors":"Jeffrey Mullen","doi":"10.4081/mi.2016.6591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mi.2016.6591","url":null,"abstract":"The search for the cause of gender nonconformity and homosexuality has been extensive. Researchers have proposed a variety of different causes, from early childhood experiences to birth order to hormonal influences,1-3 but have yet to pinpoint a reliable explanation of our sexual orientation. Prior research into biological influences of sexual orientation has focused on adult hormone levels,3 and more recent studies have even considered both maternal and fetal prenatal hormone levels.4 However, no previous studies have associated maternal thyroid hormone levels with sexual orientation and gender identity. The study by Sabuncuoglu presents evidence to supporting the hypothesis that maternal thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy are associated with sexual orientation and gender identity.5 \u0000 \u0000Though social acceptance of homosexuality has greatly increased in recent years, Sabuncuoglu’s article begins with a reminder that stigma still exists,5 and that the increased stressors faced by this population are likely to contribute to higher risk behavior resulting in negative health outcomes. It is therefore of importance to the medical community to fully understand the underlying cause of gender nonconformity in order to have options to prevent and treat the negative health outcomes referred to in this article. Additionally, this line of research may be of interest to parents, who, even if fully accepting of gender nonconformity, may prefer not to contribute to factors leading to their own child’s homosexuality if those factors were known and preventable. \u0000 \u0000The author points out the significant role that thyroid hormones play during fetal development, including neurodevelopment and cell differentiation. Research has even associated maternal thyroid function with behavioral problems in childhood.6 Pregnancy puts an increased demand on the thyroid, and it typically responds with increased hormone production.7 One mechanism that increases thyroid productivity is human chorionic gonadotropin, which stimulates thyroid production during early pregnancy. However, women with thyroid dysfunction are less able to accommodate the increased demand regardless of the mechanism of stimulation, leading to effects on the developing fetus. Despite the known importance of thyroid function on fetal development, prior research has not recognized its association with sexual orientation. Sabuncuoglu refers to the androgen model, which has failed to convincingly associate the level of fetal androgen exposure with homosexuality. Androgen’s role as a sex hormone made it a logical focus of study, but the author all but rebukes this notion due to the lack of consistent results. This study instead focuses on the thyroid, as it is known to have such an important role in fetal psycho-neurological development and yet is so curiously understudied in this regard. It is interesting to note that that the rates of hypothyroidism and homosexuality are so similar, with both often accepted t","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/mi.2016.6591","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34548467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric Disorders Associated with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.","authors":"Orsola Gambini","doi":"10.4081/mi.2016.6590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mi.2016.6590","url":null,"abstract":"Several psychiatric disorders have been associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) also known as VeloCardioFacial Syndrome (VCFS) or Di George Syndrome. The identification of the cause of 22q11.2DS dates back to more than twenty years ago and since then, a substantial number of papers have been written on the association between VCFS and psychiatric disorders.1 \u0000 \u0000The most frequent psychiatric disorders associated with 22q11.2DS are schizophrenia-like psychoses and their risk has been reported even up to 25 times than in general population. Among 22q11.2DS children, frequent diagnoses are autism-spectrum disorders and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders, in adolescents and adults about 30% develop schizophrenia-like psychoses. The close association between 22q11.2DS and schizophrenia-like psychoses, has been considered as an excellent model to better understand brain dysfunction, social cognition, psychotic symptoms and cognitive and behavioral impairments. \u0000 \u0000The disease has similar prevalence and developmental patterns across countries. Data from an Israel and Switzerland large sample of 22q11DS, show that the average age at onset of schizophrenia-like psychoses ranges from19 to 26 years.2 Moreover, psychotic-like symptoms were observed in almost one third of 22q11DS adolescents. Knowing the high risk for schizophrenia-like psychosis in 22q11.2DS subjects, the early identification of who will develop psychosis would be crucial for therapeutic programs. Antshel et al.,3 in their 3-year follow-up study, showed that the most significant predictors of adolescent prodromal psychotic symptoms were parent ratings of odd/eccentric symptoms and lower performance on the perseverative errors at the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. \u0000 \u0000When 22q11.2DS subjects with psychoses need a psychopharmacological treatment, the antipsychotic therapies need to bee carefully chosen, taking into account literature data on efficacy and tolerability. 22q11.2DS subjects seem to have a higher susceptibility to side effects when on antipsychotic therapies than subjects with psychotic disorders (without the 22q11.2DS). In the case report by Kontoangelos et al.4, a severe acute dystonia was reported in a subject on a low dosage of Haloperidol and had a good tolerability to quetiapine. In an other very recent paper, Butcher et al.,5 show that 22q11.2DS schizophrenia subjects are at higher risk for severe side effects when on Clozapine, although they had a good clinical response. Further data on clozapine and quetiapine efficacy in 22q11.2DS subjects with relapsing psychoses, are presented by Vorhoeven and Egger.6 The two atypical antipsychotics in combination with valproic acid, seem more effective than other therapies in their treatment resistant patients’ sample \u0000 \u0000The early-onset Parkinson’s disease,7 of the 22q11DS phenotype in older adults, is a relevant and clinically intriguing data. This phenotype has now been described in multiple case reports, suggesting t","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/mi.2016.6590","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34548466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Distress and Emotional Pain Among Adult Attendees of a Dental Clinic: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Adebayo Rasheed Erinfolami,&nbsp;Andrew Toyin Olagunju,&nbsp;Yewande Olufunmilayo Oshodi,&nbsp;Abiola Adelphine Akinbode,&nbsp;Babatunde Fadipe,&nbsp;Wasiu Lanre Adeyemo","doi":"10.4081/mi.2016.6006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mi.2016.6006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We set out to carry out a case-control evaluation of psychological distress and emotional pain among adult attendees of a Nigerian dental clinic. A total of 201 subjects, made up of 101 dental patients (test group) matched with age and sex with 100 normal subjects (controls), was recruited into the study. All participants completed a designed socio-demographic questionnaire. General Health Question naire and Psyche ache Assessment Schedule were also administered to assess psychological distress based on cut-off scores ≥3 and emotional pain based on cut-off scores ≥28 respectively. The mean ages of study and control group were 33 (±12) and 36 (±13) years respectively, and both study and control groups were not significantly different in all the assessed socio-demographic parameters. Overall, 21.8% (n=22) of the subjects had psychological distress, while only 7% of the control group had psychological distress. This difference was statistically significant (P=0.003). Similarly, there was significant difference in the experience of psyche ache (unbearable psychological pain) as over a third of the dental patients (37.6%, n=38) had emotional pain, while only 13% of the controls experienced psych ache (P<0.001). In this study, the burden of psychological distress and emotional pain was many-fold in dental patients when compared with the controls. </p>","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2016-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/mi.2016.6006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34659627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Mental Disorders Other Than Depression with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in a Sample of Pregnant Women in Northern Mexico.","authors":"Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel,&nbsp;Antonio Sifuentes-Alvarez,&nbsp;Carlos Salas-Martinez","doi":"10.4081/mi.2016.6021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mi.2016.6021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We sought to evaluate the capacity of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in discriminating mental disorders other than depression in pregnant women in northern Mexico. Three hundred pregnant women attending prenatal consultations in a public hospital in Durango City, Mexico submitted a validated EPDS and were examined for mental disorders other than depression using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - 4(th) Ed. (DSM-IV) criteria. Sensitivity and specificity of cut-off points of the EPDS, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Of the 300 pregnant women studied, 21 had mental disorders other than depression by the DSM-IV criteria. The best EPDS score for screening mental disorders other than depression was 8/9. This threshold showed a sensitivity of 52.4%, a specificity of 67.0%, a positive predictive value of 11.5%, a negative predictive value of 95.4%, and an area under the curve of 0.643 (95% confidence interval: 0.52-0.76). The EPDS can be considered for screening mental disorders other than depression in Mexican pregnant women whenever a cut-off score of 8/9 is used. However, the tool showed small power to separate pregnant women with and without mental disorders other than depression. </p>","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2016-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/mi.2016.6021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34548461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risks and Benefits of Rapid Clozapine Titration.","authors":"Jeannie D Lochhead,&nbsp;Michele A Nelson,&nbsp;Alan L Schneider","doi":"10.4081/mi.2016.6457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mi.2016.6457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clozapine is often considered the gold standard for the treatment of schizophrenia. Clinical guidelines suggest a gradual titration over 2 weeks to reduce the risks of adverse events such as seizures, hypotension, agranulocytosis, and myocarditis. The slow titration often delays time to therapeutic response. This raises the question of whether, in some patients, it may be safe to use a more rapid clozapine titration. The following case illustrates the potential risks associated with the use of multiple antipsychotics and rapid clozapine titration. We present the case of a young man with schizophrenia who developed life threatening neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) during rapid clozapine titration and treatment with multiple antipsychotics. We were unable to find another case in the literature of NMS associated with rapid clozapine titration. This case is meant to urge clinicians to carefully evaluate the risks and benefits of rapid clozapine titration, and to encourage researchers to further evaluate the safety of rapid clozapine titration. Rapid clozapine titration has implications for decreasing health care costs associated with prolonged hospitalizations, and decreasing the emotional suffering associated with uncontrolled symptoms of psychosis. Clozapine is considered the most effective antipsychotic available thus efforts should focus on developing strategies that would allow for safest and most efficient use of clozapine to encourage its utilization for treatment resistance schizophrenia. </p>","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2016-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/mi.2016.6457","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34548464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tennis Enhances Well-being in University Students.","authors":"Ahmet Bulent Yazici,&nbsp;Mine Gul,&nbsp;Esra Yazici,&nbsp;Gazanfer Kemal Gul","doi":"10.4081/mi.2016.6510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/mi.2016.6510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sports and physical activity are widely recommended, both as guidelines and in clinical practice, because of their broad range of positive effects on health, depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being. While several studies have examined the anti-depressive and anxiolytic effects of physical activity in clinical populations, and fewer studies have focused on the nonclinical populations, the relationship between tennis and well-being has not been clearly investigated. This study was carried out with 76 student volunteers from Kocaeli University (Turkey) who had chosen tennis lessons as their University. The tennis exercise program consisted of 90-minute basic tennis skills lessons for 13 weeks. At the beginning and at the end of the study, the students were given the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scales, and were evaluated by the DeWitt-Dugan Tennis Service Test, the DeWitt-Dugan Speed Test, and the Dyer Backboard Tennis Test. Upon evaluating the students' pre- and post-test scores, we concluded that their BDI and BAI scores had significantly decreased, with the most significant decreases seen in several sub-scores of the SCL-90-R; their tennis skills, meanwhile, increased significantly. This study shows that partaking in tennis exercise once a week decreases depression and anxiety symptoms and enhances well-being in healthy young people. </p>","PeriodicalId":44029,"journal":{"name":"Mental Illness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2016-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/mi.2016.6510","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34548465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}