2021 IEEE 29th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE)最新文献_第3页

Automated Traceability for Domain Modelling Decisions Empowered by Artificial Intelligence 由人工智能授权的领域建模决策的自动跟踪性

2021 IEEE 29th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE) Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/RE51729.2021.00023

Rijul Saini, G. Mussbacher, Jin L. C. Guo, J. Kienzle

{"title":"Automated Traceability for Domain Modelling Decisions Empowered by Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Rijul Saini, G. Mussbacher, Jin L. C. Guo, J. Kienzle","doi":"10.1109/RE51729.2021.00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RE51729.2021.00023","url":null,"abstract":"Domain modelling abstracts real-world entities and their relationships in the form of class diagrams for a given domain problem space. Modellers often perform domain modelling to reduce the gap between understanding the problem description which expresses requirements in natural language and the concise interpretation of these requirements. However, the manual practice of domain modelling is both time-consuming and error-prone. These issues are further aggravated when problem descriptions are long, which makes it hard to trace modelling decisions from domain models to problem descriptions or vice-versa leading to completeness and conciseness issues. Automated support for tracing domain modelling decisions in both directions is thus advantageous. In this paper, we propose an automated approach that uses artificial intelligence techniques to extract domain models along with their trace links. We present a traceability information model to enable traceability of modelling decisions in both directions and provide its proof-of-concept in the form of a tool. The evaluation on a set of unseen problem descriptions shows that our approach is promising with an overall median F2 score of 82.04%. We conduct an exploratory user study to assess the benefits and limitations of our approach and present the lessons learned from this study.","PeriodicalId":440285,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 29th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116820675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Human Values in Requirements Engineering : RE’21 Tutorial 需求工程中的人的价值:RE ' 21教程

2021 IEEE 29th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE) Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/RE51729.2021.00081

J. Whittle, Waqar Hussain

引用次数: 0

What’s up with Requirements Engineering for Artificial Intelligence Systems? 人工智能系统的需求工程是怎么回事?

2021 IEEE 29th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE) Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/RE51729.2021.00008

Khlood Ahmad, Muneera Bano, Mohamed Abdelrazek, Chetan Arora, J. Grundy

{"title":"What’s up with Requirements Engineering for Artificial Intelligence Systems?","authors":"Khlood Ahmad, Muneera Bano, Mohamed Abdelrazek, Chetan Arora, J. Grundy","doi":"10.1109/RE51729.2021.00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RE51729.2021.00008","url":null,"abstract":"In traditional approaches to building software systems (that do not include an Artificial Intelligent (AI) or Machine Learning (ML) component), Requirements Engineering (RE) activities are well-established and researched. However, building software systems with one or more AI components may depend heavily on data with limited or no insight into the system’s workings. Therefore, engineering such systems poses significant new challenges to RE. Our search showed that literature has focused on using AI to manage RE activities, with limited research on RE for AI (RE4AI). Our study’s main objective was to investigate current approaches in writing requirements for AI/ML systems, identify available tools and techniques used to model requirements, and find existing challenges and limitations. We performed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of current RE4AI methods and identified 27 primary studies. Using these studies, we analysed the key tools and techniques used to specify and model requirements and found several challenges and limitations of existing RE4AI practices. We further provide recommendations for future research, based on our analysis of the primary studies and mapping to industry guidelines in Google PAIR). The SLR findings highlighted that present RE applications were not adaptive to manage most AI/ML systems and emphasised the need to provide new techniques and tools to support RE4AI.","PeriodicalId":440285,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 29th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131085766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Refining User Stories via Example Mapping: An Empirical Investigation 通过实例映射提炼用户故事:一项实证调查

2021 IEEE 29th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE) Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/RE51729.2021.00038

Jasper Berends, F. Dalpiaz

{"title":"Refining User Stories via Example Mapping: An Empirical Investigation","authors":"Jasper Berends, F. Dalpiaz","doi":"10.1109/RE51729.2021.00038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RE51729.2021.00038","url":null,"abstract":"New techniques for managing, specifying, and analyzing requirements in software engineering projects are frequently presented by consultants and agile trainers. However, the effectiveness of these techniques is not evaluated in a rigorous manner, leaving practitioners with the question “Will it work in our company?” In this paper, we investigate the performance of a user story refinement technique named Example Mapping (EM). This is a time-boxed workshop in which people from different disciplines work collaboratively in order to refine, or clarify, a user story with the use of examples. The creation of such examples is intended not only to obtain a more precise specification, but also and mostly to achieve shared understanding on the user story to develop among the team members. We investigate the performance of EM via two longitudinal case studies. To enable a rigorous validation of EM, we first define the Refinement Evaluation Tool (RET), a survey-based measurement instrument that extends the Method Evaluation Model with questions that cover the shared understanding dimension. The results from our case studies show that EM contributes to the shared understanding within a team; certain conditions are necessary: the user stories should not be too small-sized. We also investigated the learning effect for EM; our data indicates that two sessions are generally necessary for the team members to use the technique effectively.","PeriodicalId":440285,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 29th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133240110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Towards Achieving Trust Through Transparency and Ethics 通过透明度和道德实现信任

2021 IEEE 29th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE) Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/RE51729.2021.00015

David Kwan, L. M. Cysneiros, Julio Cesar Sampaio do Prado Leite

{"title":"Towards Achieving Trust Through Transparency and Ethics","authors":"David Kwan, L. M. Cysneiros, Julio Cesar Sampaio do Prado Leite","doi":"10.1109/RE51729.2021.00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RE51729.2021.00015","url":null,"abstract":"The ubiquitous presence of software in the products we use, together with Artificial Intelligence in these products, has led to an increasing need for consumer trust. Consumers often lose faith in products, and the lack of Trust propagates to the companies behind them. This is even more so in mission-critical systems such as autonomous vehicles and clinical support systems. This paper follows grounded theory principles to elicit knowledge related to Trust, Ethics, and Transparency. We approach these qualities as Non-Functional Requirements (NFRs), aiming to build catalogs to subsidize the construction of Socially Responsible Software. The corpus we have used was built on a selected collection of literature on Corporate Social Responsibility, with an emphasis on Business Ethics. Our challenge is how to encode the social perspective knowledge, mainly through the view of Corporate Social Responsibility, on how organizations or institutions achieve trustworthiness. Since our ground perspective is that of NFRs, results are presented by a catalogue of Trust as a Non-Functional Requirement, represented as a Softgoal Interdependency Graph (SIG). The SIG language helps software engineers in understanding alternatives they have to improve Trust in software products.","PeriodicalId":440285,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 29th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129826722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

DDE process: A requirements engineering approach for machine learning in automated driving DDE过程:自动驾驶中机器学习的需求工程方法

2021 IEEE 29th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE) Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/RE51729.2021.00031

Ran Zhang, Andreas Albrecht, Jonathan Kausch, H. Putzer, Thomas Geipel, Prashanth Halady

{"title":"DDE process: A requirements engineering approach for machine learning in automated driving","authors":"Ran Zhang, Andreas Albrecht, Jonathan Kausch, H. Putzer, Thomas Geipel, Prashanth Halady","doi":"10.1109/RE51729.2021.00031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RE51729.2021.00031","url":null,"abstract":"Machine learning (ML) is key to achieve complex automation like in self-driving cars: implementation of implicit requirements and faster time-to-market are just two promises. Despite technological advances, research questions remain open about improving the level of trust and quality (quality in terms of ISO 25010) that can be placed on such ML-based systems. Their quality depends on the quality of the data used for training and appropriate verification and validation. This data quality - and with it the confidence in ML - relies on a systematic and structured process incorporating hierarchical requirements engineering for the quality and composition of data sets.This paper presents the data-driven engineering process (DDE process) as a new systematic and structured approach for leveraging future application of ML in industry. The DDE process includes hierarchical requirements engineering to link the operational design domain with the requirements and semi-automated generation of data sets. We describe the DDE process as a Vmodel that is fully integrated with other engineering processes. It represents a consistent approach that harmonizes development abstraction levels and DDE for ML as a third technology next to hardware and software (section III). Furthermore, the DDE process allows process automation leading to automated data set compilation. Applicability of the DDE process is shown by an application example using a convolutional neural network for traffic light detection (section IV). A summary and next steps are concluding the paper (section V).","PeriodicalId":440285,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 29th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115607430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

The MobSTr Dataset – An Exemplar for Traceability and Model-based Safety Assessment MobSTr数据集-可追溯性和基于模型的安全评估的范例

2021 IEEE 29th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE) Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/RE51729.2021.00062

Jan-Philipp Steghöfer, Björn Koopmann, J. Becker, Ingo Stierand, M. Zeller, Maria Bonner, D. Schmelter, Salome Maro

引用次数: 0

Privacy Requirements Specification in Agile Software Development : RE’2021 Tutorial 敏捷软件开发中的隐私需求规范:RE ' 2021教程

2021 IEEE 29th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE) Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/RE51729.2021.00080

M. Peixoto, Carla Silva, Jéssyka Vilela, T. Gorschek

{"title":"Privacy Requirements Specification in Agile Software Development : RE’2021 Tutorial","authors":"M. Peixoto, Carla Silva, Jéssyka Vilela, T. Gorschek","doi":"10.1109/RE51729.2021.00080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RE51729.2021.00080","url":null,"abstract":"Privacy has become a concern in Agile Software Development (ASD), either to satisfy users' needs or to comply with privacy laws. However, recent studies have shown that ASD approaches still neglect non-functional requirements (NFRs), as is the privacy case. This concern and new data protection laws that came into force recently led companies to face the challenges to understand the laws and to comply with them. In addition, research has shown that many developers do not have sufficient knowledge about how to develop privacy-sensitive software. Motivated by this scenario, this tutorial aims to draw attention to the need to understand privacy from the beginning of the software development lifecycle. Initially, we will present an overview of privacy, as well as several privacy principles. Later, we will show the main data protection laws (In-depth detailing of the General Data Protection Regulation - GDPR). Then, we will discuss how to read and evaluate privacy policies. Finally, we will present an approach for specifying privacy requirements in ASD called Privacy Criteria Method (PCM). At the end of the tutorial, participants will be able to have a critical and technical view of privacy when performing the requirements specification activity.","PeriodicalId":440285,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 29th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE)","volume":"211 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128447832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Mining Reddit as a New Source for Software Requirements 挖掘Reddit作为软件需求的新来源

2021 IEEE 29th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE) Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/RE51729.2021.00019

Tahira Iqbal, Moniba Khan, K. Taveter, N. Seyff

{"title":"Mining Reddit as a New Source for Software Requirements","authors":"Tahira Iqbal, Moniba Khan, K. Taveter, N. Seyff","doi":"10.1109/RE51729.2021.00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RE51729.2021.00019","url":null,"abstract":"Mining app stores and social media has proven to be a good source for collecting user feedback to foster requirements engineering and software evolution. Recent literature on mining software-related data from social platforms, such as Twitter and Facebook, shows that it complements app store mining. However, there are many other platforms where users discuss and provide feedback on software applications that are not thoroughly researched and analysed. One of such platforms is reddit. In this paper, we introduce reddit as a new potential data source and explore if and how requirements engineering and software evolution can benefit from obtaining user feedback from reddit. We also present an exploratory study in which we analysed the usage characteristics (i.e., frequency of posts, number of comments, and number of users for each subreddit) of reddit posts about software applications. Furthermore, we examined the content of the posts and the results reveal that almost 54% of posts contain useful information. Finally, we investigated the potential of automatic classification and applied machine learning algorithms to unstructured and noisy reddit data to perform automated classification into the categories of bug reports, feature related, and irrelevant. We found that the Support Vector Machine algorithm with the F1-score of 84% can be effective in categorizing reddit posts. Our results show that reddit posts provide useful feedback on software applications that can foster requirements engineering and software evolution.","PeriodicalId":440285,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 29th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126710357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Ambiguity and Generality in Natural Language Privacy Policies 自然语言隐私政策中的歧义与一般性

2021 IEEE 29th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE) Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/RE51729.2021.00014

M. Hosseini, John Heaps, Rocky Slavin, Jianwei Niu, T. Breaux

{"title":"Ambiguity and Generality in Natural Language Privacy Policies","authors":"M. Hosseini, John Heaps, Rocky Slavin, Jianwei Niu, T. Breaux","doi":"10.1109/RE51729.2021.00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RE51729.2021.00014","url":null,"abstract":"Privacy policies are legal documents containing application data practices. These documents are well-established sources of requirements in software engineering. However, privacy policies are written in natural language, thus subject to ambiguity and abstraction. Eliciting requirements from privacy policies is a challenging task as these ambiguities can result in more than one interpretation of a given information type (e.g., ambiguous information type \"device information\" in the statement \"we collect your device information\"). To address this challenge, we propose an automated approach to infer semantic relations among information types and construct an ontology to guide requirements authors in the selection of the most appropriate information type terms. Our solution utilizes word embeddings and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to classify information type pairs as either hypernymy, synonymy, or unknown. We evaluate our model on a manually-built ontology, yielding predictions that identify hypernymy relations in information type pairs with 0.904 F-1 score, suggesting a large reduction in effort required for ontology construction.","PeriodicalId":440285,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 29th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123140195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1