Journal of Legal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"COVID-19 and Firearms: Public Health Considerations","authors":"Emily Silver","doi":"10.1080/01947648.2021.1914491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01947648.2021.1914491","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 and Firearms: Public Health Considerations Emily M. Silver, MA; esilver3@uchicago.edu Department of Psychology Integrative Neuroscience Program, The University of Chicago, IL The global SARS-CoV-2 (otherwise known as COVID-19) pandemic has wreaked havoc across the world, infected over 100 million people and resulted in the deaths of approximately 2 million people to date (1). The need for people to remain physically separated from one another to reduce the spread of disease has resulted in many public health, corporate, and government policy changes. One particularly troubling phenomenon has been the increase in the rates of deaths by firearm violence in the US in 2020 (2). The evolving literature has documented increases across a number of inter-related issues including mental health conditions (3), suicide rates (4), violence (5), and firearm purchases (6). It is of paramount importance to recognize these trends and discuss the implications regarding short-term and long-term effects as well as how they may affect the delivery of health services. Pandemic-related Increases: Firearms Firearms have been purchased at historic rates during the pandemic (Mannix et al). Firearm sales in March 2020 increased by 85% from the previous year (7), resulting in an estimated 2.1 million excess firearm sales (6). The recent surge in firearm purchases is likely linked at least in part to the pandemic, which has induced heightened states of uncertainty and anxiety. The pandemic is associated with increased worry about violence, both for oneself and others, as well as increased firearm acquisition and changes in practices related to storage of firearms, including unlocked storage (8,9). Intent to purchase a firearm in the next twelve months is associated with more severe anxiety specific to COVID-19 (10). Therefore, not only are sales of firearms increasing, but people may be buying them in reaction to fears resulting from the pandemic. Pandemic-related Increases: Mental Health Conditions Measures intended to limit the spread of the virus, such as city-wide lockdowns and social distancing policies, have also induced pervasive psychological distress (11). Social isolation and loneliness, known risk factors for depression 2021 American College of Legal Medicine JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE 2021, VOL. 41, NO. S1, 42–46 https://doi.org/10.1080/01947648.2021.1914491 and feelings of hopelessness, likely contribute to the prevalence of anxiety and depression (12). An analysis of depressive symptomology in the US found a 3fold increase during the COVID-19 pandemic as compared to before (13). The pandemic has also been associated with disruptions in sleep (11,14), substance abuse (11,15), and posttraumatic stress (16,17). Frontline health workers are at particular risk for an increase in anxiety and depression (18). Pandemic-related Increases: Suicide Increases in prevalence of psychopathology and mental health crises during the pandemic has brought on concerns abou","PeriodicalId":44014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"42 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80241689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Euthanasia Should Be Legalized in Nevada","authors":"Ellie Ok, Kristine Rosas, W. Havins","doi":"10.1080/01947648.2021.1914484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01947648.2021.1914484","url":null,"abstract":"Euthanasia Should Be Legalized in Nevada Ellie Ok, MS, OMSII; eok@student.touro.edu Kristine Rosas, OMSII; krosas@student.touro.edu Weldon Havins, MD, JD, LLM, FCLM, Emeritus Professor Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine Current palliative care option for terminally ill patients disregards the autonomy of patients in some cases. These patients may request euthanasia with the intent to make an autonomous decision and gain back some control that they have lost to the disease. As physicians, we should strive to understand the rationale behind the patient’s request of euthanasia to alleviate suffering and provide the most suitable care that preserves the patients’ dignity and autonomy. The purpose of our research is to propose the legalization of euthanasia in Nevada for terminal patients. To examine the legality and morality of euthanasia, we applied the four biomedical ethics principles (autonomy, justice, beneficence, and maleficence) to the use of this practice. The number of cases of euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicides (PAS) in Netherlands and Canada were analyzed. Reports of PAS cases in Canada were obtained from Regional Euthanasia Review Committees and Interim Reports. Individual statutes and numerous studies were reviewed to compare the qualifications and requirements of euthanasia and PAS in different countries. This study found that in countries where both euthanasia and PAS are legal, euthanasia occurs at a higher rate than PAS. In Netherlands, the incidence of euthanasia from 2002 and 2010 to 2018 was 1672, 2910, 5277, 5856, 6303, and 5898 whereas PAS was 184, 182, 208, 216, 250, and 212. In Canada, the occurrence of euthanasia from 2016 to 2018 was 503, 1960, and 2613 compared to four, one, and one PAS cases. Although euthanasia is illegal in the United States, patients showed higher support for euthanasia over PAS, finding euthanasia to be more acceptable (67%) than assisted suicide (33%). We carefully compared and studied the qualifications of euthanasia in other countries to propose our guidelines for Nevada. We acknowledge that there should be strict limitations and documentation of cases to limit its abuse. Further studies are needed to examine the validity of child euthanasia or other vulnerable populations. More 2021 American College of Legal Medicine JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE 2021, VOL. 41, NO. S1, 32–33 https://doi.org/10.1080/01947648.2021.1914484 training and education of medical professionals in palliative care is indicated. This research highlights and challenges the need for change in our current palliative care options to include euthanasia. References upon request 33","PeriodicalId":44014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"161 1","pages":"32 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81730119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Banning Condoms as Evidence against Sex Workers in Illegal Prostitution","authors":"Summer Mostafa, Anjali Renukunta, W. Havins","doi":"10.1080/01947648.2021.1914480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01947648.2021.1914480","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":"26 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81287440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screen for Lysosomal Storage Diseases, Save More Nevada Babies","authors":"Kim Thu Nguyen, N. Nguyen, W. Havins","doi":"10.1080/01947648.2021.1914482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01947648.2021.1914482","url":null,"abstract":"Screen for Lysosomal Storage Diseases, Save More Nevada Babies Kim Thu Nguyen, OMS-II, knguyen38@student.touro.edu, Nguyen Nguyen, OMS-II, nnguyen20@student.touro.edu Weldon Havins, MD, JD, LLM, FCLM, Professor Emeritus Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine, Henderson, NV. Introduction In the US, the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel (RUSP) currently endorses 29 disorders for which newborns should be screened, given evidence of the benefits of early detection. With increasing knowledge of disease progression, new and improved treatment options, and development of efficient screening tests, the screening of newborns for lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) has been quickly gaining momentum in the last decade. In 2019, Nevada passed Senate Bill 291, mandating the screening of all conditions in the RUSP, including Pompe disease and mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I). Currently, improved screening technology can measure enzymatic activities for several LSDs in a single analysis, allowing for the conservation of labor, equipment, samples, and reagents. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of adding Fabry and Gaucher disease to Nevada’s newborn screening panel once screening for Pompe disease and MPS I has been established. Methods We performed a systematic review of literature to identify evidence on the natural history of Fabry and GD, as well as availability and effectiveness of treatment options and screening tests. We also compiled a list of costs associated with common clinical manifestations of Fabry and GD that commonly occur prior to diagnosis without an early detection program. We then compared these costs to the estimated costs of screening. Results We have estimated that the cost of adding on the screening of these two LSDs, once screening for Pompe and MPS I is established, will cost approximately $89,205 per year. The estimated costs of management of Fabry and GD in the absence of early detection and treatment are shown below: 2021 American College of Legal Medicine JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE 2021, VOL. 41, NO. S1, 29–30 https://doi.org/10.1080/01947648.2021.1914482","PeriodicalId":44014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"104 1","pages":"29 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80829756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The “Strawman” in the Process of Review and Evaluation of Complaints Regarding Controlled Substance Prescriptions","authors":"R. Briggs, D. Hilton, Joseph P. Hardy, W. Havins","doi":"10.1080/01947648.2021.1914472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01947648.2021.1914472","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"9 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82298326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of COVID-19 Isolation on Domestic Violence Calls in Southern Nevada","authors":"Kenneth G. Denning, Omair Javaid, Joseph P. Hardy","doi":"10.1080/01947648.2021.1914474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01947648.2021.1914474","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 has caused an unprecedented crisis globally In response, concern about the impact of stay-at-home orders on domestic violence have led to a consensus expecting a substantial increase in domestic violence The purpose of this study is to compare the amount of domestic violence calls made to southern Nevada police departments during April and May of the COVID-19 pandemic to the amount of calls received in the same months of the two previous years The data compares documented calls to three separate police departments--Las Vegas Metropolitan, North Las Vegas and Henderson--in Clark County in both April and May in 2018, 2019 and 2020 The calls collected in this study are based on specific call codes used by police departments to document calls relating to domestic violence, including domestic battery and family disturbance The results will be beneficial to better understanding the effects of crises on domestic violence and can inform policy regarding the response of law enforcement, healthcare professionals and others","PeriodicalId":44014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"155 1","pages":"13 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77027928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enact a Safe Firearm Storage Law to Reduce Suicides and Unintentional Deaths in Nevada","authors":"Varchita Alishetti, Siri Magadi, W. Havins","doi":"10.1080/01947648.2021.1914468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01947648.2021.1914468","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74529088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical and Legal Issues for Medical Professionals Using Social Media","authors":"M. Bressler, Alisa O. Girard, S. Felice, Deborah Kiehlmeier, William Blazey, J. Zampella","doi":"10.1080/01947648.2021.1914471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01947648.2021.1914471","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionSocial media (SM) is rapidly evolving as a dominant force in disseminating health information —and misinformation. Physicians engaging online are faced with new ethical and legal challe...","PeriodicalId":44014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"5 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83156949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Take Away from COVID-19 Outbreak: Enhancing Jails' and Prisons' Abilities in Response to a Future Pandemic.","authors":"Shuyu Zhong","doi":"10.1080/01947648.2021.1935634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01947648.2021.1935634","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"41 1-2","pages":"109-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01947648.2021.1935634","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39211978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curbing a Stealth Health Threat: Regulation of Child-Directed \"Stealth\" Junk Food Marketing.","authors":"Ellen Smith Yost","doi":"10.1080/01947648.2021.1935632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01947648.2021.1935632","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"41 1-2","pages":"83-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01947648.2021.1935632","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39211975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}