Journal of Legal Medicine最新文献_第3页

2021-2022 Southern Illinois University National Health Law Moot Court Competition. 2021-2022年南伊利诺伊大学国家卫生法模拟法庭竞赛。

IF 0.4 4区医学

Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/01947648.2022.2087404

Cheryl L Anderson, Schuyler Frashier, Abigael Schulz

引用次数: 0

Editor's Note. 编者按。

IF 0.4 4区医学

Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/01947648.2022.2147365

{"title":"Editor's Note.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/01947648.2022.2147365","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01947648.2022.2147365","url":null,"abstract":"As we delve into Issue 1 of 2023, I’d like to highlight several papers in this issue. Gao et al and Stefanowicz et al both published manuscripts examining the impact of toxicant exposures (gold and silver nanoparticles in Gao et al, and acetaminophen by Stefanowicz et al) in isolated cell monocultures vs co-cultures with organ-relevant cells. In the case of Gao et al, the researchers noted that the cytotoxicity of gold and silver nanoparticles to rat dorsal root ganglion cells was greatly mitigated when the neurons were co-cultured with glial (Schwann) cells. In addition, neuronal markers such as synapsin I were better-preserved in the co-cultured neurons compared to isolated neurons alone. Stefanowicz et al similarly examined the cytotoxicity of acetaminophen in primary hepatocytes alone, compared to hepatocytes co-cultured with hepatic non-parenchymal cells; these investigators similarly demonstrated reduced cytotoxicity in response to acetaminophen exposure in the hepatocyte co-cultures, compared to hepatocytes alone. While neither of these systems capture the complexity of microphysiological systems such as “organs on chips” (reviewed recently), they do demonstrate that by simulating an intact organ with multiple cell types in coculture, compared to single cell populations alone, laboratory scientists can use “off the shelf” reagents such as commercially-available (or freshly isolated) cell lines to examine organ toxicity under more realistic organ-specific physiological conditions. Looking back to 2022, we were happy to participate in a faceto-face American College of Toxicology (ACT) annual meeting, following 2 years of virtual annual meetings. As has been our practice in the past, the abstracts of posters that had not been previously published are included in this issue of International Journal of Toxicology. We had another year of over 400 manuscript submissions to the Journal. So many manuscripts necessitate a lot of peer review, so I want to thank my Editorial Board members for their tireless efforts, as well as the dozens of ad hoc reviewers who contributed their time and expertise to assist with review of submitted manuscripts. The Editorial Board members are listed in each issue of the printed version of the Journal and on the ACTwebsite. I also compile a list of ad hoc reviewers each year, with my thanks, which appears for 2022 ad hoc reviewers on page 103 of this issue of International Journal of Toxicology. Finally, it’s my great pleasure to recognize the recipients of the award for the Best Paper published in International Journal of Toxicology in 2021. For those unfamiliar with this award, all papers published in the previous calendar year in International Journal of Toxicology are eligible to be nominated for the annual Best Paper award. So, for the 2022 award, nominators selected from among all International Journal of Toxicology publications in 2021. The 2022 award went to Dr. Brian Welsh and collaborators for their publicati","PeriodicalId":44014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"41 3-4","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10528951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DOJ Overreach: The Criminalization of Physicians. 司法部越权：医生的刑事定罪。

IF 0.4 4区医学

Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/01947648.2022.2147366

Cathleen London

{"title":"DOJ Overreach: The Criminalization of Physicians.","authors":"Cathleen London","doi":"10.1080/01947648.2022.2147366","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01947648.2022.2147366","url":null,"abstract":"The primary narrative directing opioid policy is that the overdose epidemic is driven by clinician overprescribing, creating patient addicts. This has led to draconian laws and the use of invasive prescription monitoring programs that have harmed patients with chronic pain throughout the country. 1 The black box algorithms mine data and have never been subjected to independent verification. 2 Patients and prescribers alike are flagged as sus-picious. 3 Although opioid prescribing has dropped dramatically since the introduction of prescription monitoring, overdose deaths have risen expo-nentially, driven by the illicit fentanyl market. Despite this, law enforcement continues to focus on the diversion of prescription medication. The drug prohibition policy set by the Department of Justice (DOJ) is a mis-guided attempt to address skyrocketing opioid overdoses. It is their way of trying to fix the issue of the unchecked distribution of opioids. The blame for that falls on the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), Congress, and lobbyists. 4 This focus on limiting the prescribing of legal opioids has led to an increasingly lethal illicit opiate supply. The DOJ continues to erroneously cite diversion of licit legitimate prescriptions of opioids as the problem. As a result, doctors have been imprisoned for terms ranging from 20 years to life without parole, all for practicing medicine. Others have had their careers and reputations irreparably harmed.","PeriodicalId":44014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"41 3-4","pages":"191-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10528952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

In The Supreme Court of the United States: Docket No. 21-1967. 美国最高法院:第21-1967号摘要。

IF 0.4 4区医学

Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/01947648.2022.2087406

Jacey DuBois, Lawson Hamilton

引用次数: 0

Life After Brain Death. 脑死亡后的生活。

IF 0.4 4区医学

Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/01947648.2022.2147367

Katherine Schiller

引用次数: 0

Mortality of COVID-19 and Seasonal Influenza in Southern Nevada and the United States 内华达州南部和美国COVID-19和季节性流感的死亡率

IF 0.4 4区医学

Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2021-05-21 DOI: 10.1080/01947648.2021.1914483

Nilsha Khurana, A. Bedi, W. Havins

{"title":"Mortality of COVID-19 and Seasonal Influenza in Southern Nevada and the United States","authors":"Nilsha Khurana, A. Bedi, W. Havins","doi":"10.1080/01947648.2021.1914483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01947648.2021.1914483","url":null,"abstract":"Mortality of COVID-19 and Seasonal Influenza in Southern Nevada and the United States Nilsha Khurana, OMS-II; nkhurana@student.touro.edu Avneet Bedi, OMS-II; abedi2@student.touro.edu Weldon E Havins, MD, JD, LLM, FCLM, Professor Emeritus Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine In early March 2020, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a national pandemic by the World Health Organization. Many have claimed that COVID-19 is no more serious than the influenza. Although influenza and COVID-19 have some symptoms in common, COVID-19 is a more destructive virus. Because the virus that causes COVID-19 is newly introduced in human populations, there is an urgent need to know more about how the disease impacts human populations. The purpose of this study was to estimate and compare mortality rates between COVID-19 and influenza in Southern Nevada and in the United States. Data for Southern Nevada was collected from Southern Nevada Health District (SNHD) and covered COVID-19 and influenza deaths from 2016-2020. Nationwide data was obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and covered 2016-2020 for both COVID-19 and influenza. Deaths per 100,000 people, which were attributable to influenza and Coronavirus, were calculated for the Southern Nevada population and for the United States population. After analyzing the data, it was found that there has been an average of 113.19/100,000 COVID deaths in Nevada since the discovery of the virus. On the other hand, for influenza, there has been an average of 1.8/100,000 deaths in Nevada for the past four flu seasons, which typically peaks between December and February. A similar trend is observed nationally. According to the CDC data, it was calculated that nationwide, there are about 111.55/100,000 COVID deaths. Contrarily, there are about 12.46/100,000 influenza-related deaths nationwide. According to the calculations, COVID-19 has a mortality rate higher than reported for influenza, both in Nevada and in the nation. The differences in mortality rates are linked to other important ways that COVID-19 differs from influenza. Because COVID-19 is novel, every individual is therefore susceptible to the virus. Awareness that COVID-19 is not just the flu needs to be made more vigorously. COVID-19 will be a more lethal virus than the influenza strains that seasonally affect world populations. References upon request 2021 American College of Legal Medicine JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE 2021, VOL. 41, NO. S1, 31 https://doi.org/10.1080/01947648.2021.1914483","PeriodicalId":44014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"31 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90452431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethical Dilemma of Physicians Informing Patients of Foreign Organ Transplant Alternatives 医生告知患者国外器官移植选择的伦理困境

IF 0.4 4区医学

Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2021-05-21 DOI: 10.1080/01947648.2021.1914488

S. Poole, Benjamin Selander, Joseph P. Hardy, W. Havins

{"title":"Ethical Dilemma of Physicians Informing Patients of Foreign Organ Transplant Alternatives","authors":"S. Poole, Benjamin Selander, Joseph P. Hardy, W. Havins","doi":"10.1080/01947648.2021.1914488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01947648.2021.1914488","url":null,"abstract":"Ethical Dilemma of Physicians Informing Patients of Foreign Organ Transplant Alternatives Sean Poole, OMS-II; spoole3@student.touro.edu Benjamin Selander, OMS-II; Touro bselande@student.touro.edu Joseph P. Hardy, MD, Associate Dean for Clinical Education Weldon Havins, MD, JD, LLM, FCLM, Emeritus Professor Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine, NV Ever since the introduction of transplant surgery in the latter half of the 20th century, organ transplantation has improved the lives of thousands of people around the world. However, the demand for organs is steadily rising while the supply remains limited. This inevitably leads well-to-do individuals, placed on lengthy organ waiting lists, to seek organ transplants abroad in less ethical and less legal ways. Many procure these organs in China, where it is believed that non-consenting Falun Gong practitioners are persecuted, placed in detention centers or labor camps and illegally harvested for their organs. There are also issues of illegal brokers taking advantage of vulnerable individuals in developing nations, such as the Philippines and Moldova. However, regardless of how the organs are acquired, “organ tourists” are met with virtually no legal repercussions. The increasing need for organs has created a global issue. This practice, called “organ tourism”, has been condemned, but not criminalized, by the greater international community in the Declaration of Istanbul, created in 2008 and supported by over 150 countries. Though internationally condemned, engagement in “organ tourism” has seen an increase in recent years. There are currently no U.S. laws prohibiting organ tourism, nor are there any mandates requiring physicians to report patients who have participated in organ tourism. Therefore, physicians are faced with an ethical dilemma; in what capacity, if any, to advise their patients regarding organ transplantation abroad. This review utilizes the Army’s 7 Steps in Problem Solving Model to provide a concise and conclusive framework to determine if there exists an ethical obligation for physicians to advise their patients of foreign transplant alternatives. By following the Army’s 7 Steps in Problem Solving Model, certain guiding criteria are established, such as: non-judgmental regard and fiduciary responsibility for patients who return with transplanted organs, deterring hopeful transplant patients from involving 2021 American College of Legal Medicine JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE 2021, VOL. 41, NO. S1, 36–37 https://doi.org/10.1080/01947648.2021.1914488 themselves in organ transplant systems engaged in crimes against humanity, and considering the greater societal impact of the benefits of organ tourism. This review concludes it is the physicians ethical duty to advise their patients of foreign options to obtain organ transplantation. However, there should be no obligation to inform patients of transplant organ systems which take part in highly unethical practices, such as thos","PeriodicalId":44014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"47 1","pages":"36 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80801645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Turbulent Airflow Costume Compromises Occupational Safety and Infection Control: A Hospital Risk Management Case Report 紊流气流服装危害职业安全和感染控制:医院风险管理案例报告

IF 0.4 4区医学

Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2021-05-21 DOI: 10.1080/01947648.2021.1914476

Sarah J. Diekman

{"title":"Turbulent Airflow Costume Compromises Occupational Safety and Infection Control: A Hospital Risk Management Case Report","authors":"Sarah J. Diekman","doi":"10.1080/01947648.2021.1914476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01947648.2021.1914476","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To inform hospital infection control, risk management, hospital administrators, and healthcare workers about a new and surprising threat to infection control: air-powered costumes Background: Air-powered costumes use a small motor to create positive pressure within the costume This mechanism is similar to Powered Air Purifying Respirator (PAPR) 1 However, unlike a PAPR the air-powered costume does not filter the incoming air through a HEPA filter Nor does it capture the air inside a contained space and filter it before it is released into the environment The affect is that droplets from the person in the costume or from air that is drawn into the costume, which would normally be too heavy to travel farther than 6 feet, are aerosolized by traveling through the turbulent blower These small particles can easily penetrate the thin fabric that makes the costume This creates an infection control problem by aerosolizing the particles and then propelling them with the force of positive pressure \" Case Description: In January of 2021, a Covid-19 outbreak in San Jose, CA, was contact traced back to a surprising source On Christmas day, a worker wishing to lift spirits, unknowingly spread Covid-19 via an air-powered Christmas tree costume The worker did not have symptoms of SARS-COV-2 and did not know they were infected The result is tragic In San Jose, at least 60 people were infected, and one person died \" Conclusion: This case manifests a tragic outcome to what was meant to be a benevolent action All evidence points to lack of information guiding this well-intentioned action What was meant to decrease the stress and burden of the pandemic, became a greater stress and burden Tragically with a loss of life and unknown morbidity Further, there is the potential for a psychologic toll on the person who thought they were helping others, only to learn that they had harmed them Given that these costumes in hospitals are rare, further tragedies such as this one should be preventable Covid-19 is not the only pathogen that could theoretically be spread by this mechanism Hospital should have a policy that restricts the use of these costumes Education about the danger of these costumes should be provided to staff Given that personal may act by finding replacement, risk management and infection control should create an adequate policy to address the mental health needs of staff and patients, while maintain appropriate infection control Now that there is documentation of this methods of pathogenic spread, hospitals may face liability if they fail to establish a reasonable policy and education regarding turbulent flow air-powered costumes","PeriodicalId":44014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"19 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87881583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prescribing Patterns of XR-Naltrexone for Treating OUD by Nevada Addiction Specialists 内华达成瘾专家对xr -纳曲酮治疗OUD的处方模式

IF 0.4 4区医学

Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2021-05-21 DOI: 10.1080/01947648.2021.1914481

Samia Mouaki-Benani, A. Sheikh, Joseph P. Hardy, W. Havins

{"title":"Prescribing Patterns of XR-Naltrexone for Treating OUD by Nevada Addiction Specialists","authors":"Samia Mouaki-Benani, A. Sheikh, Joseph P. Hardy, W. Havins","doi":"10.1080/01947648.2021.1914481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01947648.2021.1914481","url":null,"abstract":"Prescribing Patterns of XR-Naltrexone for Treating OUD by Nevada Addiction Specialists Samia Mouaki-Benani, OMS-II; smouaki@student.touro.edu Ansab Sheikh, OMS-II; asheikh5@student.touro.edu Joseph P. Hardy, MD, Associate Dean for Clinical Education Weldon Havins, MD, JD, LLM, FCLM Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine Background: The Opioid crisis is a nationwide epidemic with devastating consequences to American communities and public health. In 2018, 46,802 (70%) of all overdose deaths in the United States, and 372 drug overdose deaths in Nevada, were opioid-related. Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) is an effective “whole-patient” approach to the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD), combining medications with behavioral therapy and counseling. There are three FDAapproved medications indicated for opioid dependency: naltrexone, methadone, and buprenorphine. Treatment centers rarely offer naltrexone (XR-NTX, or Vivitrol available in injectable extended release form) compared with opioid agonist treatments. The goal of this study is to quantify prescribing patterns of MAT to treat OUD in Nevada and to understand the reasons addiction specialists do or do not prescribe it. Methods: A survey was created with questions designed and sent to practicing Nevada addiction specialists, including physicians (MD and DO), physician assistants, and nurse practitioners in the state of Nevada (Nevada Addiction Specialists hereafter), by mail. Results: Of 309 Nevada Addiction Specialists surveyed, 34 (11%) responded. Almost half (47%) of responding addiction specialists in Nevada prescribed XR-NTX, yet only 9% of OUD patients were treated with XR-NTX. The leading reasons addiction specialists prescribed XRNTX were the frequency of injections and the non-addictive nature of the drug. The leading reasons for not prescribing XR-NTX were its detoxification requirement (35% of respondents), accessibility (29%), and price (24%). Of the Nevada addiction specialists who did not prescribe XR-NTX, 28% were unfamiliar with the drug. Conclusion: The survey results suggest that XR-NTX is appropriate for only a small subset of patients with OUD, as indicated by the CDC and other studies. XR-NTX has potential in highly motivated patients that are 2021 American College of Legal Medicine JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE 2021, VOL. 41, NO. S1, 27–28 https://doi.org/10.1080/01947648.2021.1914481 willing to abstain from opioid use during the detox period, those willing to pay the higher cost, and patients in the criminal justice system. There may be a need for increasing awareness and education of MAT options earlier in medical training to bridge the gap in knowledge related to the treatments available for patients with OUD. The generalizability of this study is limited by the small number of respondents. References available upon request 28 ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":44014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"27 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78952833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In-State Retention of Physicians in Nevada Residency Programs 内华达住院医师项目的州内保留医师

IF 0.4 4区医学

Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2021-05-21 DOI: 10.1080/01947648.2021.1914473

Eric H. Chai, D. Chan, W. Havins

引用次数: 0