Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Trends in the epidemiology of urinary tract infections in pregnancy at a tertiary hospital in Johannesburg: Are contemporary treatment recommendations appropriate?","authors":"Trusha Nana, Shastra Bhoora, Vindana Chibabhai","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v36i1.328","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajid.v36i1.328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common during pregnancy and are associated with maternal and foetal complications. Empiric antibiotic choices in pregnancy require consideration of efficacy and safety, resulting in limited oral options. With rapidly evolving antibiotic resistance, surveillance to guide empiric treatment recommendations is essential.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of urine culture isolates from the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH) Obstetrics Department for 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2020 was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The top 3 pathogens were <i>Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>. For <i>E. coli</i> susceptibility to cefuroxime declined (95% to 81%, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Similarly, the <i>E. coli</i> extended spectrum beta-lactamase rate increased from 5% to 10% (<i>p</i> = 0.04). <i>E. coli</i> susceptibility to nitrofurantoin (93%) and fosfomycin (96%) remained high. In 2019, carbapenem-resistant <i>K. pneumoniae</i> emerged. Ampicillin susceptibility was high amongst the <i>E. faecalis</i> isolates. Amoxicillin-clavulanate demonstrated high levels of activity against the top 3 uropathogens.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Essential Drug List recommended antibiotics for lower UTIs, nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin, are appropriate empiric options for <i>E. coli</i>, the most common uropathogen in the CMJAH obstetric population. The high rate of <i>E. faecalis</i> susceptibility to nitrofurantoin reported from other Gauteng tertiary obstetric patients, suggests that nitrofurantoin will provide adequate empiric cover for a large proportion of UTIs. However, the determination of the <i>E. faecalis</i> nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin susceptibility rates in the CMJAH obstetric population will provide useful data. Periodic surveillance at the various levels of antenatal care in different regions of South Africa and the determination of risk factors for infections with resistant uropathogens is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"36 1","pages":"328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8678934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39766466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, incidence and seroconversion of HIV and Syphilis infections among pregnant women of South Africa.","authors":"Monjurul Hoque,&nbsp;Muhammad E Hoque,&nbsp;Guido van Hal,&nbsp;Somaya Buckus","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v36i1.296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v36i1.296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pregnant women in South Africa suffer from HIV and syphilis infections resulting in negative pregnancy outcomes. Little is known about the prevalence, incidence, seroconversion, and associated risk factors for those attending a midwife run obstetric unit.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was undertaken among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic from January to December 2018. Logistic regression was conducted to determine the risk factors for HIV and syphilis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of HIV and syphilis were 44.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]; 41.6:46.7) and 3.8% (95% CI; 3.1:4.1), respectively. The seroconversion and incidence for HIV were 4.0% (95% CI; 3.6:4.6) and 17.1 per 100 person-years, and for syphilis 2.6% (95% CI; 2.3:2.8) and 10.9 per 100 person-years, respectively. Significant predictors for HIV prevalence were ages: ages < 20 years, Odds ratio (OR) = 0.11 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), ages 20-24 years, OR = 0.19 (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and ages 25-29 years, OR = 0.38 (<i>p</i> < 0.05); gestational age: second trimester, OR = 0.68 (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and non-reactive syphilis, OR = 0.45 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Age was the predictor for HIV incidence or seroconversion (age < 20 year, OR = 0.12, <i>p</i> = 0.01). Predictors for syphilis were ages < 20 years, OR = 0.11 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), ages 20-24 years and HIV status. Gestational age > 27 weeks were nine times (OR = 9.2, <i>p</i> = 0.03) more likely to seroconvert to syphilis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study found high rates of seroprevalence, seroconversion and incidence of HIV and syphilis among pregnant women.</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"36 1","pages":"296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8661397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39733346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of an antibiotic stewardship programme in a surgical setting.","authors":"Muhammad A Bashar,&nbsp;Jacqui Miot,&nbsp;Evan Shoul,&nbsp;Robyn L van Zyl","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v36i1.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v36i1.307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antibiotics are miracles of science and critical for many surgical procedures. However, the emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens resulting from inappropriate antibiotic use is a threat to modern medicine. This study aimed to determine the appropriateness of antibiotic use, cost, consumption and impact of an antibiotic stewardship intervention round in a surgical ward setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Baseline antibiotic utilisation was determined with a retrospective cross-sectional study in two surgical wards in a tertiary academic hospital in South Africa where medical records of 264 patients who received antibiotics were reviewed. In the second stage of the study, records of 212 patients who received antibiotics were reviewed during a weekly antibiotic stewardship intervention round. The volume of antibiotics consumed was determined using defined daily doses (DDDs)/1000 patients' days, and the appropriateness of the antibiotic prescription for treatment was also determined using a quality-of-use algorithm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a reduction in the volume of antibiotic consumption from a total 739.30 DDDs/1000 to 564.93 DDDs/1000 patient days, with reduction in inappropriate antibiotic use from 35% to 26% from baseline to antibiotic stewardship programme stages, respectively. There was an overall increase in culture targeted therapy in both wards in the antibiotic stewardship programme stage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The implementation of an antibiotic stewardship programme led to a reduction in antibiotic consumption and improvement in appropriate use of antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"36 1","pages":"307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8661296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39733347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"South Africa's capacity to conduct antimicrobial stewardship.","authors":"Sarentha Chetty","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v36i1.297","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajid.v36i1.297","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"36 1","pages":"297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8517762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39556419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid survey to determine the predictive factors of vaccination coverage in children aged 0 to 59 months in Guinea.","authors":"Abdoulaye Touré,&nbsp;Ibrahima Camara,&nbsp;Alioune Camara,&nbsp;Mariama Sylla,&nbsp;Mamadou S Sow,&nbsp;Alpha K Keita","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v36i1.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v36i1.261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Expanded Program on Immunisation has made it possible to prevent more than 3 million deaths in children under 5 years. The objectives of this study were to estimate the vaccination coverage of children from 0 to 59 months and identify factors associated with incomplete vaccination coverage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was carried out in a dispensary in Conakry, Guinea between January and February 2020. Sociodemographic and vaccination information was collected from mothers of 380 randomly select children aged 0 to 59 months. Information on immunisation coverage was gathered from records vaccination cards and maternal reports. Logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with incomplete immunisation coverage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most (66.5%) children aged < 12 months were up-to-date with their vaccinations. Factors associated with incomplete vaccination in this age group included: unavailability of vaccination cards (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 7.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.56-22.44) and lack of prenatal consultation attendance (aOR 2.93; 95% CI: 1.15-7.48). In contrast only 19.8% (95% CI: 13.9-26.7) of children aged 12-59 months were fully immunised. Factors associated with incomplete vaccination coverage in children aged 12-59 months included high birth order (aOR 10.23; 95% CI: 2.06-19.43), and lack of prenatal consultation attendance (aOR 5.34; 95% CI: 1.48-19.23).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Child immunisation coverage is low in Guinea. These results highlight the need to develop strategies based on an integrated approach to overcome obstacles to childhood immunisation in Guinea.</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"36 1","pages":"261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8424742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39416905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indications and diagnostic value of bone marrow examination in HIV-positive individuals: A 3-year review at Tygerberg Hospital.","authors":"Ibtisam Abdullah,&nbsp;Nadhiya Subramony,&nbsp;Ernest Musekwa,&nbsp;Erica-Mari Nell,&nbsp;Fatima Alzanad,&nbsp;Carissa Chetty,&nbsp;Ethan Gantana,&nbsp;Robert K Lohlun,&nbsp;Wardah Cerfontein,&nbsp;Bridget Cochrane,&nbsp;Zivanai C Chapanduka","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v36i1.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v36i1.273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bone marrow examination is a useful diagnostic tool in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients presenting with cytopenias and fever. However, its role in the afebrile and asymptomatic patient presenting with an isolated cytopenia is not well established. This study was conducted to determine the indications for bone marrow examination and its diagnostic yield, in HIV-positive patients at Tygerberg Hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective, cross-sectional descriptive study was performed over a 3-year period from 01 September 2015 to 31 August 2018. The bone marrow examination reports for the HIV-positive patients who had a bone marrow examination during the study period were retrieved. Clinical and laboratory information was captured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Altogether 374 bone marrow reports for HIV-positive patients were found. The indication of the bone marrow examination included investigation of unexplained cytopenias, suspected haematological malignancies, follow-up examination for patients with known haematological diseases, staging of haematological or non-haematological malignancies and investigation of suspected disseminated infection. The patients' median age was 43 years and the interquartile range was 27-60 years. There was a slight female predominance with females 51% and males 49%. The diagnostic yield was 33.7%. Acute leukaemia and lymphoma were the most common diagnoses. Haematinic deficiency and pure red cell aplasia were found in the majority of cases with isolated anaemia. All cases with isolated thrombocytopenia were due to immune thrombocytopenia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bone marrow examination is a useful investigation for HIV-positive patients with cytopenias, suspected haematological malignancy and lymphoma staging. However, its early use in patients with isolated anaemia and isolated thrombocytopenia is questionable.</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"36 1","pages":"273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8424746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39416766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construct validity and reliability of the generalised anxiety disorder-7 scale in a sample of tuberculosis patients in the Free State Province, South Africa.","authors":"Gladys Kigozi","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v36i1.298","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajid.v36i1.298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) frequently occurs amongst patients with tuberculosis (TB) and contributes to poor quality of life and treatment outcomes. This study evaluated the construct validity and reliability of the GAD-7 scale in a sample of patients with TB in the Free State Province.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A pilot study was conducted amongst a convenience sample of 208 adult patients newly diagnosed with drug-susceptible TB attending primary healthcare (PHC) facilities in the Lejweleputswa District in the Free State. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire comprising social demographic questions and the GAD-7 scale was used. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to investigate the construct validity of the GAD-7 scale. The reliability of the scale was assessed by calculating Cronbach's alpha.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis showed that a modified two-factor (somatic symptoms and cognitive -emotional symptoms) model, in which the items 'Not being able to stop or control worrying' and 'Worrying too much about different things' were allowed to covary (Comparative Fit Index: 0.996, Tucker-Lewis Index: 0.993, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation: 0.070, 90% confidence interval: 0.032-0.089), fitted the data better than a unidimensional (generalised anxiety) or an unmodified two-factor model. The indicators all showed significant positive factor loadings, with standardised coefficients ranging from 0.719 to 0.873. The Cronbach's alpha of the scale was 0.86.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The modified two-factor structure and high internal consistency respectively provide evidence for construct validity and reliability of the GAD-7 scale for assessing GAD amongst patients with TB. Studies are necessary to assess the performance of this brief scale under routine TB programme conditions in the Free State.</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"36 1","pages":"298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8424773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39416764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-toxigenic <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> non-O1/non-O139 pseudo-bacteraemia in a neonate: A case report.","authors":"Wentzel B Dowling, Mené Van der Westhuyzen, Michele Haumann, Kessendri Reddy","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v36i1.263","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajid.v36i1.263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxigenic <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> O1/O139 is causative of cholera, which is a well characterised potentially epidemic gastrointestinal disease. Less is known about the pathogenesis and clinical presentation of non-toxigenic <i>V. cholerae</i> non-O1/non-O139, although they are increasingly implicated in human disease globally, have been isolated from various South African water sources and can contaminate the environment. The authors describe a case of pseudo-bacteraemia with non-toxigenic <i>V. cholerae</i> non-O1/non-O139 in a neonate.</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":"263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11457539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43464214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective review of colistin utilisation at a tertiary care academic hospital in South Africa.","authors":"Liezl Majavie,&nbsp;Deanne Johnston,&nbsp;Angeliki Messina","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v36i1.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v36i1.205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of the antibiotic colistin was increasing as a treatment option for multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. Standardisation of colistin dosing and more appropriate record-keeping practices were required to fully assess the optimal usage of colistin. The aim of this study was to determine how and why colistin was used in the treatment of MDR infections in a tertiary care public hospital in South Africa (SA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional retrospective record review described adult and paediatric patients who received colistin intravenously from 01 May 2016 to 31 April 2017. Information from patient records were captured on a data collection tool and analysed using descriptive statistics. Ethical approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of the Witwatersrand.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 43 patient records were reviewed. <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> was the most common organism isolated (85.2% adults and 62.5% paediatrics). Colistin was mostly prescribed for sepsis (18 adults and 15 paediatrics). Most adults (66.7%) received loading doses as recommended; however, there was a great variation in maintenance doses. Paediatric patients reviewed also showed varying dosing according to weight. The mean duration of colistin therapy was 10 days. Carbapenems were most commonly co-administered with colistin (58%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggested that although colistin usage was restricted in the hospital, it was not adequately monitored or controlled. Doses prescribed were made at the discretion of prescribing doctors and differed to currently accepted guidelines. Improved record-keeping practices related to the monitoring of colistin use were required.</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"36 1","pages":"205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8378127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39404525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strong correlation between urine and vaginal swab samples for bacterial vaginosis.","authors":"Deshanta Naicker,&nbsp;Veron Ramsuran,&nbsp;Meleshni Naicker,&nbsp;Fazana Dessai,&nbsp;Jennifer Giandhari,&nbsp;Partson Tinarwo,&nbsp;Nathlee Abbai","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v36i1.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v36i1.199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vaginal swabs have been traditionally used for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV). Currently, there are limited studies that have investigated the use of other sample types other than vaginal swabs for the detection of BV from South African populations. This study investigated whether urine can be used for the detection of BV-associated microorganisms in South African pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One-hundred self-collected vaginal swabs and urine samples were obtained from women presenting for antenatal care at King Edward VIII Hospital in Durban. The BD MAX™ vaginal panel assay was used for diagnosing BV and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify <i>Gardnerella vaginalis, Prevotella bivia, Atopobium vaginae</i> and <i>Lactobacillus crispatus</i>. The absolute counts were determined on the QX200 Droplet Reader (Bio-Rad) using the QuantaSoft Software. Data analysis was performed with statistical computing software called R, version 3.6.1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median copy numbers obtained for <i>G. vaginalis</i> and <i>P. bivia</i> across urine and swabs in BV-positive samples were not significantly different (<i>p</i> = 0.134 and <i>p</i> = 0.652, respectively). This was confirmed by the correlation analysis that showed a good correlation between the two sample types (<i>G. vaginalis</i> [<i>r</i> = 0.63] and <i>P. bivia</i> [<i>r</i> = 0.50]). However, the data obtained for <i>A. vaginae</i> differed, and a weak correlation between urine and swabs was observed (<i>r</i> = 0.21). Bacterial vaginosis-negative samples had no significant difference in median copy numbers for <i>L. crispatus</i> across the urine and swabs (<i>p</i> = 0.062), and a good correlation between the sample types was noted (<i>r</i> = 0.71).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the appropriateness of urine for the detection of microorganisms associated with BV.</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"36 1","pages":"199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8377811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39404523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}