Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Rapid-onset diarrhoea in HIV patient: The importance of suspecting cholera in non-endemic areas.","authors":"Meisie A Nkoane, Adegoke O Adefolalu","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v39i1.619","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajid.v39i1.619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cholera, a severe diarrhoeal disease caused by <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> is typically associated with inadequate potable water supply and poor sanitation. We report cholera disease presentation identified as a suspected case of acute diarrhoea (HIV/AIDS common condition) in a person living with HIV seen in a cholera non-endemic area.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>We highlight the importance of recognizing cholera in cases of acute diarrhoea, especially among people with HIV, in resource-constraint areas that lack potable water supply.</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"39 1","pages":"619"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11151414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacteraemia cases at Helen Joseph Hospital.","authors":"Mithra John, Lauren Richards, Jeremy S Nel","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v39i1.626","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajid.v39i1.626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacteraemia (SAB) is associated with a high mortality. Data on SAB cases in South Africa (SA) are limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to establish the demographic profile, risk factors and complications of patients with SAB in a tertiary inpatient setting.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a retrospective record review of inpatients above the age of 13 with SAB from October 2015 to November 2022 at Helen Jospeh Hospital (HJH) in Gauteng, SA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 126 patients with SAB were reviewed. The case fatality ratio among these patients was 20.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.9-28.8); this was similar for methicillin-sensitive <i>S. aureus</i> and methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.154). Almost half (49.2%) were community acquired, and these were chiefly associated with skin and soft tissue infections (45.2%), while most healthcare-associated community-acquired infections (18.3%) and nosocomial-related infections (32.5%) were associated with short-term venous catheterisation (40.6%). The most common risk factors for acquiring a SAB were prior hospitalisation in the last 90 days (27.8%), the presence of an invasive device (26.2%) and receipt of haemodialysis (15.1%). Having hypertension (adjusted odds ratio: 5.55 [95% CI: 1.31-23.55]) and being recently hospitalised (adjusted odds ratio: 11.88 [95% CI: 1.84-26.99]) were associated with statistically significant increased odds of death.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SAB-associated all-cause mortality remains high in a middle-income tertiary hospital setting, albeit with a case fatality ratio comparable to that seen in high-income countries.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>Our study suggests that acceptable outcomes are achievable in tertiary middle-income settings provided there is access to resources including infectious diseases consultation, echocardiograms and basic infection control practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"39 1","pages":"626"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11151412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The clinical Spectrum of Viridans Group Streptococci infections in paediatric patients at a tertiary hospital.","authors":"Nkosinathi S Shongwe, Fikile C Mabena, Jeannette Wadula, Karen Petersen","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v39i1.563","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajid.v39i1.563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Viridans Group Streptococci (VGS) are often considered organisms of low virulence; however, infection can result in clinically significant sepsis and life-threatening complications in paediatric patients.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to describe the spectrum of clinical presentation of VGS bacteraemia in paediatric patients, to analyse risk factors, and to describe the antibiotics resistance patterns of VGS.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Cultures of VGS in paediatric patients admitted to Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital in 2019 were identified through National Health Laboratory Service. Data were extracted from archived clinical records and analysed. Sepsis scores were calculated at the time of bacteraemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 133 cultures were identified; 64 (48.1%) polymicrobial cultures and no records 4 (0.03%) were excluded; 65 (48.9%) were analysed. The median age was 1.5 months (range 0.03 to 168, interquartile range [IQR]: 0.3-13.25), 27/65 (42%) were neonates. The median duration of hospitalisation was 7 days (IQR: 3-21). The commonest diagnoses were neonatal sepsis 30.8% (<i>n</i> = 20) and pneumonia 28% (<i>n</i> = 18). The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) score was ≥ 2 in 57% (16/28) patients; paediatric sequential organ failure assessment (pSOFA) score was > 2 in 10/24 (42%). Fifty-seven (88%) patients were discharged; three (5%) required ICU admission and 8/65 (12.3%) died. Malnutrition was present in 50% of patients who died. Cephalosporins and penicillin had sensitivity of 89% and 55%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Viridans Group Streptococci bacteraemia was common in neonates, and pneumonia was a common presentation in this cohort. The VGS bacteraemia was associated with morbidity and deaths in this cohort.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The VGS should be considered a significant organism when cultured from sterile sites and routine antibiotic susceptibility testing should be performed. Prospective studies are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"39 1","pages":"563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11079360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140896157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-toxigenic <i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</i> endocarditis: A cluster of five cases.","authors":"Tamsin Lovelock, Mignon du Plessis, Clinton van der Westhuizen, Jacques T Janson, Charlene Lawrence, Arifa Parker, Alfonso Pecoraro, Hans Prozesky, Anne von Gottberg, Jantjie Taljaard","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v39i1.539","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajid.v39i1.539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Classical toxin-mediated respiratory diphtheria has become less common because of widespread effective vaccination globally but invasive disease as a result of non-toxigenic strains of <i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</i> is not prevented by vaccination and may result in severe disease, including infective endocarditis (IE).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the outbreak and subsequent investigation of a cluster of five cases of non-toxigenic <i>C. diphtheriae</i> endocarditis.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective observational case series of five cases of non-toxigenic <i>C. diphtheriae</i> endocarditis identified in the rural West Coast district of the Western Cape province of South Africa between May 2021 and June 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Non-toxigenic <i>C. diphtheriae</i> IE had an aggressive clinical course with high mortality in this cohort. Only one of five patients survived to hospital discharge. The surviving patient received a prompt diagnosis with early surgical intervention but still had a complicated clinical course. Notably, only one case had a pre-existing risk factor for IE, namely a prosthetic valve. Whole genome sequencing of clinical isolates confirmed that all isolates were of the same novel sequence type of non-toxigenic <i>C. diphtheriae</i> but despite a thorough investigation no epidemiological link was ever found between the cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Non-toxigenic strains of <i>C. diphtheriae</i> are less well known but may be highly virulent and cause severe invasive disease.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This is the largest cluster of non-toxigenic <i>C. diphtheriae</i> IE ever described in South Africa and expands the body of literature on this unusual but possibly emerging infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"39 1","pages":"539"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10913159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140040539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Prevalence and distribution of selected cervical human papillomavirus types in HIV infected and HIV uninfected women in South Africa, 1989-2021: A narrative review.","authors":"Rixongile R Rikhotso, Emma M Mitchell, Daniel T Wilson, Aubrey Doede, Nontokozo D Matume, Pascal O Bessong","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v39i1.575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v39i1.575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v37i1.363.].</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"39 1","pages":"575"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10839195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139698548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of non-tuberculous mycobacteria","authors":"Abraham J. le Roux, Anneke van der Spoel van Dijk, Motlatji R B Maloba","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v39i1.525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v39i1.525","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"24 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139383343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A young adult with leptospirosis associated acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy","authors":"Herman Bagula, Ismail A. Banderker, M. S. Moosa","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v38i1.569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v38i1.569","url":null,"abstract":"Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that commonly affects the liver and kidney. It can rarely affect the neurological system with aseptic meningitis being the commonest neurological presentation. We present the case of a patient with leptospirosis complicated by acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.Contribution: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy as a complication of leptospirosis in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbe Mail: A microbiology and infectious diseases podcast for clinicians and students","authors":"V. Chibabhai, Gert J.K. Marais, V. Alex","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v38i1.570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v38i1.570","url":null,"abstract":"Microbe Mail medical podcast is an audio-only informal educational platform, which addresses widespread topics in medical microbiology and infectious diseases (ID), with a particular focus on low- and middle-income settings. Podcasting has become a common form of informal learning in healthcare education and for continual professional development (CPD).Contribution: In this article, we discuss the development of the Microbe Mail podcast, its informal microbiology and ID education impact in the 2 years since commencement and future directions to improve uptake in Africa and low- and middle-income countries.","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"91 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138951391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appropriate use of colistin in neonates, infants and children: Interim guidance","authors":"V. Chibabhai, Adrie Bekker, Marianne Black, Despina Demopoulos, A. Dramowski, N. D. Du Plessis, Veshni Pillay-Fuentes Lorente, T. Nana, Helena Rabie, G. Reubenson, Reenu Thomas","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v38i1.555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v38i1.555","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available. ","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138961814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse event reporting practices in drug-resistant tuberculosis facilities across South Africa","authors":"R. Gaida, Adlai S. Davids, R. Sewpaul","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v38i1.564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v38i1.564","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The reporting of adverse drug reactions associated with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) medication is important for pharmacovigilance, especially in high-burden countries such as South Africa. With DR-TB treatment being so dynamic, it is important to understand adverse event reporting practices at specialised facilities.Objectives: The study aimed to understand the adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting practices at DR-TB treatment facilities in South Africa.Method: Interviews were conducted with healthcare workers at specialised DR-TB facilities. This was to collect data on demographics, pharmacovigilance training, and determine attitudes and practices towards reporting adverse events. A checklist was developed to review the most recent adverse event forms captured at the facility.Results: Most participants did not have adverse event reporting training since their initial training but were confident that they could complete a form themselves. Most participants could correctly identify the major adverse events associated with DR-TB medication, but some deemed non-adverse events as plausible. Adverse event report forms were not standardised with most participants deeming further training and regular feedback as reasons to report ADRs.Conclusion: Standardisation of adverse event report forms used and the establishment of regular reporting will increase adverse event reporting at DR-TB facilities. Continuous training, empowerment and expansion of staff categories eligible to report adverse events will enhance and sustain such practice.Contribution: The study highlights challenges faced by healthcare professionals in reporting adverse events.","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}