Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Unexpected non-reactive nontreponemal serology in secondary syphilis: The prozone phenomenon and clinician-laboratory communication.","authors":"Mahomed A Aboo, Matilda Mphahlele, Melanie Louw, Nicholas Aikman","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v41i1.800","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajid.v41i1.800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe a case of a 22-year-old woman living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who presented with classical features of secondary syphilis. Initial Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) testing was unexpectedly non-reactive; however, repeat RPR testing with serum dilution yielded a reactive result, illustrating the prozone phenomenon.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The prozone phenomenon is uncommon. We aim to encourage clinician-laboratory communication when there is a high pretest probability of syphilis, with serological discordance, to facilitate prompt diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"41 1","pages":"800"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13149502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147869855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'<i>We are short-staffed</i>': Dialysis practitioners' infection prevention and control adherence challenges in the City of Tshwane, South Africa.","authors":"Siyanda A Ngema, Thabiso A Bale, Livhuani M Nezingahe, Tendani S Ramukumba","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v41i1.796","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajid.v41i1.796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The burden of infections in dialysis facilities continues to rise worldwide. Due to the invasive procedures associated with haemodialysis (HD), patients undergoing HD in dialysis facilities are at high risk of acquiring bloodstream-related infections.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study explored the practices of dialysis practitioners regarding the prevention of HD bloodstream-related infections at selected dialysis facilities in the City of Tshwane, Gauteng province, in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An exploratory-descriptive contextual qualitative study was conducted in five dialysis facilities utilising semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling was conducted until data saturation was reached from 10 in-depth semi-structured interviews conducted with dialysis practitioners.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data analysis was conducted concurrently with data collection using a qualitative thematic analysis approach, whereby Tesch's eight-step method was used to analyse the data. One theme, infection prevention challenges of dialysis practitioners, emerged with three subthemes: (1) in-service training, (2) shortage of resources and (3) colleagues' behaviors and practices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A lack of staffing, training and resources hinders the implementation of infection prevention and control (IPC) to ensure optimal care in dialysis facilities. These findings suggest that enhancing training programmes and promoting a culture of compliance with IPC protocols are crucial for improving patient safety and outcomes in dialysis settings.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This study highlights contextual insights into the infection prevention challenges faced by dialysis practitioners in South African dialysis facilities, highlighting critical gaps in training, resources and staff compliance that inform targeted interventions to reduce bloodstream infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"41 1","pages":"796"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13149785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147869868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis C missed diagnostic opportunities: The role of reflex viral load testing in the era of direct acting antivirals, a descriptive South African study from 2017 to 2021.","authors":"Hloniphile Mthiyane, Bonolo Mashishi, Mamodiane A Patjane, Ntwanano Honwana, Nishi Prabdial-Sing, Lucia Hans, Nonhlanhla Mbenenge, Bhaveshan Reddy, Avania Bangalee, Florette K Treurnicht","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v41i1.778","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajid.v41i1.778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing algorithm used in South African laboratories involves two tests; a serology test to detect anti-HCV antibodies and a confirmatory test to detect the presence of HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA). These tests usually require consecutive blood samples taken at more than one hospital visit, leaving patients with inconclusive diagnosis for weeks.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to describe the prevalence and proportion of HCV seropositive cases where diagnostic opportunities were missed among patients who attended public healthcare facilities in Johannesburg, South Africa.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This descriptive study was conducted as a retrospective analysis of laboratory data from the Department of Medical Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa. Patients for whom HCV diagnosis were requested from 2017 to 2021 were included in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the five-year period, a total of 212 670 patients were tested for HCV antibodies and 8575 (4.04%) tested positive. The HCV seropositivity was recorded for 74.8% (6421/8575) of males compared to females (23.6%; 2030/8575; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Only 25% (2183/8575) of HCV seropositive patients had a linked HCV RNA quantitative PCR test result.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite an overall HCV seroprevalence of 4% in this study, only one quarter received a definitive diagnosis. This highlights that most patients are lost to follow-up because of the two-step diagnostic process, which requires them to return to the health facility for confirmatory tests.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study highlights the need to adopt HCV reflex testing as the standard in South Africa to meet the 2030 elimination targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"41 1","pages":"778"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13058554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147646721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zimbabwe adverse events following immunisation surveillance system: A descriptive study with COVID-19 vaccine safety updates.","authors":"Priscilla P M Nyambayo, Rumbidzai Manyevere, Libert Chirinda, Steny F Marekera, Tatenda Nyamandi, Rutendo P Chaitezvi, Richard T Rukwata, Ushma Mehta, Michael S Gold","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v41i1.785","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajid.v41i1.785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A functional national adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) surveillance system is vital for guiding vaccination policies and sustaining public confidence. The system helps ensure safe immunisation delivery, thereby maintaining high delivery vaccine coverage and reducing vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). Optimising these systems remains a critical public health priority.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This novel study reviews and evaluates Zimbabwe's AEFI surveillance system from 1998-2024, including updates on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine safety to identify strengths, weaknesses and opportunities for improvement.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted an in-depth analysis of all AEFI reports received from 1998-2024, assessing reporting trends, overall system performance AEFI investigation, causality assessment and feedback to reporters using the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Benchmarking Tool (GBT). Duplications were excluded, and reports with evidence of AEFI(s) after vaccination were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings show a steady increase in AEFI reports per annum, especially from 2006-2024, with substantial increases in 2023 and 2024, reaching rates of 64 and 82 reports per 100 000 surviving infants. The reporting rate exceeded the WHO-recommended minimum AEFI reporting rate in 13 years (50%) out of the 26 years. The COVID-19 vaccination programme generated 519 AEFI reports (23%) between 2021-2023, with reporting rates of 2.1, 0.1 and 1.1 per 100 000 population, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A strong partnership between the immunisation programme and regulatory authority has enhanced AEFI surveillance. However, incomplete AEFI case investigations and delays in AEFIs detection remain key. System improvements should incorporate digital tools to enhance reporting investigation and signal detection, including postmortem examinations for serious AEFIs.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The unique Zimbabwe AEFI publication contributes to the scientific knowledge, challenges and potential signals to heed to enhancing vaccine safety systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"41 1","pages":"785"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13058547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147646707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"R263K-associated dolutegravir resistance on tenofovir, lamivudine and dolutegravir: Implications for earlier genotyping and regimen optimisation.","authors":"Sirashen Naidoo","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v41i1.790","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajid.v41i1.790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A South African woman receiving tenofovir, lamivudine and dolutegravir (TLD) with good adherence, developed virological failure with the integrase mutation R263K. Viral suppression was achieved after rapid intensification to dolutegravir 50 mg twice daily combined with atazanavir with ritonavir (ATV/r), with continuation of the nucleoside backbone (dual-anchor regimen). This case highlights the need for earlier resistance testing and specialist-guided salvage therapy for subtype C in resource-limited settings.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>Archived nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance may render the background drugs functionally inactive, creating functional DTG monotherapy that can select for R263K in HIV-1 subtype C. Swift escalation to salvage therapy may mitigate viraemia. Algorithms should be formulated to warrant earlier genotyping and promote rapid efforts to limit resistance accumulation in patients with documented adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"41 1","pages":"790"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13058555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147646683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bibliometric analysis of the literature on <i>Mycoplasma</i> and <i>Ureaplasma</i> infections.","authors":"Winnie T Ramaloko, Samson A Malgwi, Sinethemba H Yakobi, Matthew A Adeleke, Nathlee S Abbai, John Osei Sekyere, Nontuthuko E Maningi","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v41i1.788","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajid.v41i1.788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Mycoplasma</i> and <i>Ureaplasma</i> species are understudied opportunistic pathogens that infect humans, animals and plants. These infections are often asymptomatic, which, together with fastidious growth requirements, makes them challenging to detect.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The review aimed to provide a bibliometric analysis of available literature to reflect and assess trends, progress and knowledge gaps in this field.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>This article is a literature review.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A bibliometric analysis of 19 486 documents from 1992 to 2022 was conducted using the Web of Science database and in-depth analyses on RStudio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>China and the United States produced a high number of publications and citations. South Africa, the first most-cited African country, contributed 685 publications, ranking 24th globally with 2031 citations. <i>Veterinary Microbiology</i> was the highest performing journal with 448 papers and 10 036 citations. The most frequent keywords were 'infection' and '<i>Ureaplasma urealyticum</i>'.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Research on <i>Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma</i> infections has progressed over time, but mainly in developed countries. The restricted publications and moderate citations in South Africa suggest research gaps in understanding the true burden and impacts of these infections.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric overview of <i>Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma</i> infections and reports the global and local progress in this field. The overall moderate, steady growth highlights the need for broader international collaboration and expanded research efforts in low-resource countries to address existing research gaps. This expansion is essential, particularly in clinical research, for strengthening both surveillance and treatment guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"41 1","pages":"788"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13149614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147869935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors predicting the outcome of patients admitted with COVID-19 infection at Pietersburg Hospital, Polokwane, Limpopo province.","authors":"Koena J Moabelo, Phetho Mangena, Musa E Setati, Mokibe J Nchabeleng","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v41i1.782","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajid.v41i1.782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The emergence of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in late 2019 in Wuhan City, has led to a global outbreak of COVID-19, culminating in the declaration of a pandemic by the World Health Organization.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to evaluate the factors predicting the outcome in patients with COVID-19 infection.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This was a retrospective study using secondary data of patients admitted with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results at Pietersburg Hospital between 01 March 2020 and 31 March 2021, which were extracted from DATCOV portal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 444 eligible study participants, of which 225 (50.7%) were female and 219 (49.3%) were male patients. Their median age was 57 years. A total of 159 (36%) in-hospital deaths related to COVID-19 infection were reported. Using the logistic regression model, two predictor variables, age and intensive care unit (ICU) admission were independently associated with mortality. An increase in patient's age per year, increased the odds of dying. The ICU admission had a three-fold odds for non-survival. In-hospital mortality was associated with shorter length of hospitalisation because of disease severity and late patient presentation, with a median duration of 4 days (interquartile range [IQR] 2.0-9.0).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Age and ICU admission were significantly related to non-survival, with hypertension being the common factor in all deaths reported.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study emphasises the importance of pandemic preparedness and strengthening healthcare services to protect vulnerable groups such as the elderly population.</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"41 1","pages":"782"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12969601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147436396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescription precision: Evaluating antimicrobial prescription practices in paediatric and neonatal inpatients.","authors":"Carla Theron, Maja van Aswegen, A'ishah da Costa, Heather Finlayson, Gugu Kali, Angela Dramowski","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v41i1.792","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajid.v41i1.792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are limited data on antimicrobial prescribing quality in paediatric wards in African hospitals.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess the quality of antimicrobial prescribing.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted weekly point prevalence surveys (PPSs) (15 March 2025 - 05 April 2025), assessing antimicrobial use and prescribing quality in neonatal and paediatric medical wards at Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. Inpatients with active antimicrobial prescriptions at 08:00 on PPS days were included, collecting data on demographics, antimicrobials, prescription quality and time to administration (hangtime) using electronic surveys.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We reviewed 842 prescription charts, of which 237 (28.1%) included antimicrobial agents (23.3% neonates vs 34.4% paediatric patients; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Antimicrobial use was highest in the neonatal intensive care unit (58.5%) and lowest in neonatal wards (20.0%). Most antimicrobial therapy was empiric (89.0%), with pneumonia (49.2%) leading in paediatric patients and sepsis (43.2%) in neonates. Ceftriaxone (20.9%) dominated paediatric use, while ampicillin (20.4%) and meropenem (16.7%) predominated in neonates. Overall, 49.8% of agents were 'Access', 49.3% 'Watch' and 0.9% 'Reserve' from the World Health Organization 'AWaRe' classification. The intravenous route of administration predominated (79.0%). Median treatment duration was 5 days (interquartile range [IQR] 5-7 days). In patients with sepsis, the median hangtime was 109 min (IQR 30 min - 205 min), with only 23.2% initiated within 60 min. Prescription quality was suboptimal: allergies were documented in 37.1%, infection source in 29.0% and stop dates in 38.0%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Antimicrobial prescribing in these neonatal and paediatric wards showed frequent use of broad-spectrum agents, delayed administration and incomplete documentation.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The findings highlight the need for improved stewardship practices to promote timely, appropriate and well-documented antimicrobial use.</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"41 1","pages":"792"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12969477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147436377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of healthcare worker preparedness and health literacy for Marburg virus disease in Nigeria: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Emmanuel O Oisakede, Daniel Asogun, Osahon Otaigbe, Iziengbe Iyoriobhe, Emmanuel O Erhieyovwe, Airenakho Emorinken, Martin Nwosu, Uyi M Osamudiamen, David Olawade","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v41i1.764","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajid.v41i1.764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Marburg virus disease (MVD) poses an emerging threat to Nigeria, particularly following the 2022 outbreak in neighbouring Ghana. With Nigeria already managing Lassa fever and Mpox outbreaks, assessing healthcare workers' preparedness at viral haemorrhagic disease reference centres is crucial for effective outbreak response.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess healthcare workers' knowledge, attitudes and preparedness regarding MVD at Nigeria's primary viral haemorrhagic fever reference centre.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, from May 2024 to October 2024. Healthcare workers were recruited using simple random sampling and data collected via semi-structured questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were analysed using Stata 17.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 216 participants, 126 (58.3%) were doctors and 90 (41.7%) were nurses. Doctors demonstrated significantly higher knowledge of MVD symptoms (65.9% vs 46.7%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and risk factors, with fever being the most recognised symptom (68.0%). Only 19.1% of doctors and 10.0% of nurses had received formal MVD training. Confidence in hospital preparedness was paradoxically lower among doctors (32.5%) than nurses (65.6%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Most participants felt inadequately equipped with personal protective equipment, with only 38.1% of doctors and 48.9% of nurses reporting adequate protection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Significant gaps exist in MVD health literacy and outbreak preparedness among Nigerian healthcare workers at a major viral haemorrhagic disease centre.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>Enhanced training programmes, improved resource allocation and systematic preparedness protocols are urgently needed to strengthen Nigeria's capacity for MVD outbreak response.</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"41 1","pages":"764"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12869813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute G6PD deficiency haemolytic crises with associated methaemoglobinaemia in a patient with typhoid.","authors":"Jake P Jacob, Midhun T John, Gilad Mensky, Lior Chernick","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v41i1.771","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajid.v41i1.771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked disorder that increases red blood cell susceptibility to oxidative damage. While haemolysis is common, methaemoglobinaemia is a rare complication. A 39-year-old man developed both conditions, triggered by <i>Salmonella typhi</i> infection. Diagnosis was supported by Heinz bodies and blister cells on blood smear. Methylene blue and high-dose ascorbic acid were relatively contraindicated because of ongoing haemolysis and renal dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This case highlights the importance of considering methaemoglobinaemia in G6PD deficiency during infections and adapting treatment when standard therapies are unsuitable.</p>","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"41 1","pages":"771"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12869820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}