MEXICAN STUDIES-ESTUDIOS MEXICANOS最新文献

{"title":"Negros y mulatos libres del Golfo y el Pacífico en las fronteras de la independencia de México (1767–1810)","authors":"Antonio García de León","doi":"10.1525/msem.2021.37.3.337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/msem.2021.37.3.337","url":null,"abstract":"La participación en la guerra de independencia de México de “negros”, “mulatos” y otras denominaciones de los descendientes de quienes fueron traídos a la Nueva España como esclavos desde el África subsahariana ha sido considerablemente relegada por la historia oficial posterior. Tal abandono historiográfico se debió a una exclusión surgida desde la época fundacional de la nación. En primera instancia, la perspectiva criolla presentaba una evocación romántica del pasado prehispánico y los aportes de la cultura peninsular y católica. En segunda instancia, el mito del mestizaje, que manifestaba que los mexicanos son el resultado prístino y gradual de una mezcla exclusiva entre “indios” y “españoles”, dio origen a la “raza cósmica”. Por otro lado, la participación de los “afrodescendientes” en la guerra de independencia también ha sufrido un tratamiento parcial y al margen de la realidad social al presentarlos como una comunidad identitaria aparte o los portadores de una supuesta conciencia racial reivindicativa y exclusiva. Desde una perspectiva matizada, este artículo muestra como negros y mulatos experimentaron identidades ambivalentes. Por una parte, estuvieron insertos en diversas identidades de las estructuras de antiguo régimen –por ejemplo, corporaciones y estamentos–. Por otra parte, tales identidades se usaban con una gran ductilidad y flexibilidad en el contexto novohispano. Este ensayo abunda en la complejidad de tales identidades en las que se vieron involucrados los negros y mulatos, o los “morenos” y “pardos”, desde su incorporación a los ejércitos hispanos hasta su participación en la revolución de independencia. De forma concreta, muestra que negros y mulatos formaron parte tanto de las fuerzas realistas como de las insurgentes en las regiones del Golfo y Pacífico durante el período 1767–1810.","PeriodicalId":44006,"journal":{"name":"MEXICAN STUDIES-ESTUDIOS MEXICANOS","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85620579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: Fernando Ciaramitaro and José de la Puente Brunke, eds. Extranjeros, naturales y fronteras en la América ibérica y Europa (1492–1830).","authors":"F. AndrésCalderón","doi":"10.1525/msem.2020.36.3.453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/msem.2020.36.3.453","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44006,"journal":{"name":"MEXICAN STUDIES-ESTUDIOS MEXICANOS","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88579408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El voto desde el norte","authors":"Xavier Medina Vidal, Alejandra Campos Carrasco","doi":"10.1525/msem.2020.36.3.393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/msem.2020.36.3.393","url":null,"abstract":"Using original survey data, we analyze the factors contributing to participation and preferences in the 2018 Mexican election among the Mexican diaspora in the United States. Our empirical analysis of public-opinion data reveals that exposure to Mexican mass media is a significant predictor of voting from abroad among immigrants and US-born Mexicans. Diaspora voters’ feelings of efficacy, their assessments of Mexican democracy, and structural factors yield mixed effects on the vote from abroad and candidate preferences. The study’s design also allows for comparison of the transnational electoral preferences of Mexican emigrants and US-born dual nationals.","PeriodicalId":44006,"journal":{"name":"MEXICAN STUDIES-ESTUDIOS MEXICANOS","volume":"36 1","pages":"393-424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45354426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dos obstáculos en la carrera de un jinete: incidentes delictivos de Humberto Mariles (Ciudad de México, 1964–1972)","authors":"E. Guerra","doi":"10.1525/msem.2020.36.3.356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/msem.2020.36.3.356","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Humberto Mariles, medallista olímpico, general brigadier y destacado miembro de la élite política, cometió un homicidio en México y fue acusado de narcotráfico en Francia. Debido al impacto social que tuvieron, el análisis de estos incidentes y sus consecuencias en el declive público de Mariles, permiten asomarse a varios temas y ser abordados desde diversos enfoques. En este artículo estudio las investigaciones policiales, el juicio y la opinión pública. En mi análisis tomo en cuenta diversos aspectos como el perfil de Mariles, sus nexos con gobernantes y otros militares, facciones al interior del ejército, tensiones entre autoridades civiles y castrenses, y el sistema penal y críticas a la justicia. Asimismo, considero la importancia de ideas y valores, entre ellos el honor, que emergieron en los tribunales y en la prensa y que impactaron en el desenlace de estos incidentes.Abstract:Humberto Mariles—an Olympic medalist, a brigadier general, and a member of the political elite—committed homicide in Mexico and was accused of drug trafficking in France. Due to the social impact it caused, the analysis of these incidents and their consequences on Mariles’ public decline, allows examining several relevant themes from various perspectives. In this essay, I study the police investigations, the trial, and the public opinion. In my analysis, I consider aspects such as Mariles’s profile, his connections with political and military figures, factions within the army, the tensions between civil and military authorities, and the penal system and criticisms of justice. In addition, I discuss the important role that ideas and values such as honor, that emerged in the courtrooms and the press, played in the outcome of these historical incidents.","PeriodicalId":44006,"journal":{"name":"MEXICAN STUDIES-ESTUDIOS MEXICANOS","volume":"36 1","pages":"356 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48801826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: Robert Curley. Citizens and Believers: Religion and Politics in Revolutionary Jalisco, 1900–1930.","authors":"Ulices Piña","doi":"10.1525/msem.2020.36.3.451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/msem.2020.36.3.451","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44006,"journal":{"name":"MEXICAN STUDIES-ESTUDIOS MEXICANOS","volume":"36 1","pages":"451-453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43449928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Police Corruption and Fear of Crime in Mexico","authors":"C. Vilalta, Gustavo Fondevila","doi":"10.1525/msem.2020.36.3.425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/msem.2020.36.3.425","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Previous research in Mexico has argued that perceived corruption and perceived efficacy predict dissatisfaction and lack of confidence in the police. This article extends previous research by examining whether perceived police corruption impacts fear of crime among the adult population. We argue that—beyond traditional correlates of fear of crime and controlling for the intensity of the war on organized crime—evaluations of police reputation impact social quality of life as indicated by fear of crime. Results from multilevel models, based on data from the Mexican National Survey on Victimization and Perception of Public Security (ENVIPE, 2012–2017), confirm our argument. We also find that the experience of victimization and neighborhood incivilities were the main predictors of fear of crime, while the war on organized crime showed no consistent effect.Abstract:Estudios previos en México argumentan que la percepción de corrupción y la percepción de eficacia predicen la insatisfacción y la falta de confianza en la policía. Este artículo extiende estos estudios previos al examinar si la percepción de corrupción policial impacta el miedo al crimen entre la población adulta. Argumentamos que –más allá de los correlativos tradicionales del miedo al crimen y controlando por la intensidad de la guerra contra el crimen organizado– la evaluación de la reputación de la policía impacta la calidad de vida en la sociedad tal como lo indica el miedo al crimen. Los resultados de los modelos multinivel, basados en datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Victimización y Percepción sobre Seguridad Pública (ENVIPE, 2012–2017), confirman nuestro argumento. También hallamos que la experiencia de victimización y las incivilidades en la colonia son los principales predictores del miedo al crimen, mientras que la guerra contra el crimen organizado no mostró tener un efecto consistente.","PeriodicalId":44006,"journal":{"name":"MEXICAN STUDIES-ESTUDIOS MEXICANOS","volume":"36 1","pages":"425 - 450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47082546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor’s Comment 36, no. 3","authors":"Christián Zlolniski","doi":"10.1525/msem.2020.36.3.325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/msem.2020.36.3.325","url":null,"abstract":"Tackling both historical and contemporary Mexican issues, while forging a dynamic dialogue among scholars across different disciplines, is at the heart of MS/ES. At a time of highly divisive politics, when Mexico and Mexicans are vilified by the dominant powers in the United States, publishing robust scholarship about a variety of topics pertinent to Mexico is more important than ever. In this spirit, I am glad to introduce this issue (36, no. 3). Containing four essays, it displays the multidisciplinary nature of the journal and the variety and richness of topics that attract the interests of scholars in the field. The first essay, by Kristine Vanden Berghe, analyzes how to interpret literary genres that fall outside of the esthetic canons of a given time. She provides an original and thought-provoking interpretation of Nellie Campobello’s Cartucho (published in 1931), a classic of Mexican literature. Situating it as a case of the so-called escritura errante, Vanden Berghe analyzes the regional ethos that transpires in this novel, which reflects the views of common people historically excluded from the centers of power. Addressing northern Mexico, the essay contributes to decenter the study of literature, pointing out the importance of regional and marginal literatures. Therefore, it offers fresh alternatives to hegemonic esthetic canons, as well as poignant social critique of the dominant political order. The second essay, by historian Elisa Speckman Guerra, examines two significant historical episodes that marked the political and popular demise of general Humberto Mariles, a prominent military and equestrian sports figure in Mexico in the 1940s and 1950s. Relying on detailed archival research, Speckman moves between social history and cultural history. In doing so, she contributes to the historiography of criminality and justice in those decades. This study offers a window to understanding how—despite the push for change by the court of public opinion to end the impunity of powerful military and political elites—cronyism and complicity among political, judicial, and police authorities still ran strong during the years of political modernization in Mexico.","PeriodicalId":44006,"journal":{"name":"MEXICAN STUDIES-ESTUDIOS MEXICANOS","volume":"36 1","pages":"325 - 330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42280790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presencia, posibilidades y posiciones de la escritura errante en México: el caso Campobello","authors":"Kristine Vanden Berghe","doi":"10.1525/MSEM.2020.36.3.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/MSEM.2020.36.3.331","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:En su libro La escritura errante: ilegibilidad y políticas del estilo en Latinoamérica (2016), Julio Prieto no incluye ningún texto mexicano, lo cual suscita la interrogante de si esta ausencia refleja una marginalización mayor de la llamada “mala escritura” latinoamericana en unas literaturas nacionales que en otras. En este ensayo doy un primer paso para abordar esta pregunta, argumentando que México cuenta con una digna representación de dicho tipo de escritura en Cartucho (1931). En este texto, Nellie Campobello elabora su escritura errante gracias a una serie de procedimientos estilísticos que señalan las carencias del cuerpo social y que apuntan a una variada red de textos y tradiciones que podrían haber influido en ella. El análisis que propongo desemboca en algunas reflexiones acerca de la relación entre la escritura errante, la narrativa del norte de México y las normas impuestas desde el centro geográfico y cultural del país para tratar de forjar un canon literario nacional.Abstract:In his book La escritura errante: ilegibilidad y políticas del estilo en Latinoamérica (2016), Julio Prieto does not include any Mexican text. This raises the question whether this absence reflects a tendency toward a stronger marginalization of the so called Latin American “bad writing” in some national literary canons than in others. In an attempt to answer this question, I argue that Mexico has a very worthy representation of the “bad writing” practice in Cartucho (1931). In this book, Nellie Campobello uses a series of stylistic devices that highlight the shortcomings of the social body and point to a varied network of texts and traditions that may have influenced her. The analysis I develop results in a hypothesis about the relationship among deviant writing, the narrative of the North of Mexico, and the norms imposed from the geographical and cultural center of the country in order to forge a national literary canon.","PeriodicalId":44006,"journal":{"name":"MEXICAN STUDIES-ESTUDIOS MEXICANOS","volume":"36 1","pages":"331 - 355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42694670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction","authors":"Christine Plumejeaud-Perreau, M. Fargette, J. Gravier, Thérèse Libourel, E. Masson, Hélène Mathian, Lucie Nahassia, Laure Nuninger, Xavier Rodier, L. Sanders, É. Saux","doi":"10.3166/rig31.7-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3166/rig31.7-19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44006,"journal":{"name":"MEXICAN STUDIES-ESTUDIOS MEXICANOS","volume":"36 1","pages":"150 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44041569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Rotary Club to Sowers of Friendship","authors":"David Tamayo","doi":"10.1525/msem.2020.36.1-2.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/msem.2020.36.1-2.68","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the political activism of conservative civil society in postrevolutionary Mexico through the lens of American service clubs. It focuses on the case of the Rotary Club of Monterrey, which gathered the city's industrial elites and some of the most vocal opponents of the Mexican state, particularly the presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas (1934–40). Monterrey is significant because of its economic and political clout; by the 1930s, it was the powerhouse of heavy industry and in the 1940s a key center of support for the Partido Acción Nacional. After Monterrey Rotarians dissolved their club in 1936, following a disagreement with Rotary International's policy against political involvement, they regrouped and established throughout Mexico the only service club that blended pro-business goals with right-wing hispanidad ideology: the Club Sembradores de Amistad. This story illustrates how conservative civil society in Mexico adopted seemingly contradictory transnational influences (Catholic Hispanist thought and American service clubs) to challenge the postrevolutionary state in a less confrontational way.","PeriodicalId":44006,"journal":{"name":"MEXICAN STUDIES-ESTUDIOS MEXICANOS","volume":"36 1","pages":"68-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1525/msem.2020.36.1-2.68","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42576351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}