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Oblivious ‘Sex Traffickers’: Challenging stereotypes and the fairness of US trafficking laws 忽视的“性贩运者”：挑战刻板印象和美国贩运法的公平性
IF 1.3
Anti-Trafficking Review Pub Date : 2022-04-19 DOI: 10.14197/atr.201222185
Dr Amber Horning, Dr Loretta Stalans
{"title":"Oblivious ‘Sex Traffickers’: Challenging stereotypes and the fairness of US trafficking laws","authors":"Dr Amber Horning, Dr Loretta Stalans","doi":"10.14197/atr.201222185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14197/atr.201222185","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we explore third parties who unexpectedly fell within the legal definition of a sex trafficker. The anti-trafficking lobby and media stories frequently portray traffickers as organised, psychopathic, violent, and child kidnappers. We dismantle these depictions by showing the unexpected people who qualify as traffickers. This paper incorporates findings from two studies involving eighty-five third parties in New York City and forty-nine in Chicago. We analyse how teenagers, drivers, and boyfriends qualify as traffickers under US law. We find that two-thirds of them hold inaccurate views about the difference between sex trafficking and facilitating prostitution. Trafficking can be incidental or temporary, and traffickers in these samples were often oblivious to their legal status, potentially resulting in lengthy prison sentences. We conclude by calling for differential sentencing based on traffickers’ age, and awareness campaigns designed to alert third parties of the legal distinctions between pandering and sex trafficking.","PeriodicalId":43972,"journal":{"name":"Anti-Trafficking Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48217406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Editorial: Traffickers 社论：Traffickers
IF 1.3
Anti-Trafficking Review Pub Date : 2022-04-19 DOI: 10.14197/atr.201222181
M. McAdam, B. Gerasimov
{"title":"Editorial: Traffickers","authors":"M. McAdam, B. Gerasimov","doi":"10.14197/atr.201222181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14197/atr.201222181","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces a Special Issue of Anti-Trafficking Review themed ‘Traffickers’. It describes how most of the knowledge about human trafficking is generated from the accounts of victims of trafficking and people working with them, while knowledge of perpetrators of human trafficking remains limited. It further summarises the articles contained in this special issue. These articles describe one or more aspects of traffickers’ characteristics, motivations, modus operandi, relationships with victims, and treatment in the criminal justice system. Overall, the issue shows that in many cases, traffickers’ profiles are similar to those of their victims. It suggests that measures to reduce racial, ethnic and other discrimination and improve socioeconomic and educational opportunities for all would help reduce people’s vulnerability to becoming victims of trafficking as well as perpetrators.","PeriodicalId":43972,"journal":{"name":"Anti-Trafficking Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47560324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Human Traffickers’ Fair Trial Rights and Transnational Criminal Law 人口贩运者公平审判权与跨国刑法
IF 1.3
Anti-Trafficking Review Pub Date : 2022-04-19 DOI: 10.14197/atr.2012221810
Thomas Harré
{"title":"Human Traffickers’ Fair Trial Rights and Transnational Criminal Law","authors":"Thomas Harré","doi":"10.14197/atr.2012221810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14197/atr.2012221810","url":null,"abstract":"The right to a fair trial is enshrined in international and domestic law around the world. This article makes the simple argument that the focus on the rights of victims of human trafficking and efforts to increase the rate of prosecutions of human traffickers should not come at the cost of alleged traffickers’ rights to a fair trial, as a failure to uphold fair trial rights places them at risk of unfair prosecution. I consider the extent to which the transnational criminal legal regime regulating human trafficking at the international level provides for these fair trial rights, suggest that the fundamental purposes of transnational criminal law exist in a state of tension against the aims of the international human rights regime, and conclude that further empirical research on the legal experiences of human traffickers is necessary.","PeriodicalId":43972,"journal":{"name":"Anti-Trafficking Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45368520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What We Know about Human Traffickers in Vietnam 我们对越南人口贩运者的了解
IF 1.3
Anti-Trafficking Review Pub Date : 2022-04-19 DOI: 10.14197/atr.201222183
L. Le, Dr Caitlin Wyndham
{"title":"What We Know about Human Traffickers in Vietnam","authors":"L. Le, Dr Caitlin Wyndham","doi":"10.14197/atr.201222183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14197/atr.201222183","url":null,"abstract":"Myths and misconceptions about traffickers, the nature of trafficking, and how the crime varies in different jurisdictions pose challenges for prevention work, rehabilitating offenders, and achieving justice for victims. This article, based on an analysis of over 100 human trafficking court cases in Vietnam, outlines the reality of one particular trafficking crime: the trafficking of Vietnamese women and girls for sexual exploitation in China. We show that the majority of the prosecuted traffickers are similarly poor and vulnerable as their victims. Most are from ethnic minorities, with a poor educational background, and few income generation opportunities. Based on this evidence, we discuss some challenges associated with prosecution of these particular traffickers and suggest more effective approaches for human trafficking prevention.","PeriodicalId":43972,"journal":{"name":"Anti-Trafficking Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49194869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Traffickers’ Use of Substances to Recruit and Control Victims of Domestic Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation in the American Midwest 美国中西部贩运者使用物质招募和控制国内贩运性剥削受害者
IF 1.3
Anti-Trafficking Review Pub Date : 2022-04-19 DOI: 10.14197/atr.201222187
Dr Erica Koegler, Dr Claire Wood, Lilly Bahlinger, Dr Sharon Johnson
{"title":"Traffickers’ Use of Substances to Recruit and Control Victims of Domestic Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation in the American Midwest","authors":"Dr Erica Koegler, Dr Claire Wood, Lilly Bahlinger, Dr Sharon Johnson","doi":"10.14197/atr.201222187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14197/atr.201222187","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes how traffickers use substances to recruit and control victims of domestic trafficking for sexual exploitation, as reported by service providers working with trafficking survivors in the American Midwest. This data was derived from interviews with 15 service providers in a major metropolitan area. Findings revealed consistencies with previous literature and new insights into the trafficker- substance use dynamic. Traffickers’ use of substances with victims was pervasive when trafficking was for the purpose of sex but not other labour. There were several examples of how traffickers use substances for victim exploitation and recruitment. These include using substances to ensure a victim is in a euphoric mood prior to sex work, to reward victim sex work productivity, and to initiate withdrawal effects to demonstrate the traffickers’ supreme control. Novel findings include how and why traffickers might deny victim use of substances and how they might give substances to victims without the victim’s knowledge. Implications for how these findings can be utilised for victim treatment and for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":43972,"journal":{"name":"Anti-Trafficking Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42780330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
A Train-the-Trainer Programme to Deliver High Quality Education for Healthcare Providers 为医疗保健提供者提供高质量教育的培训师计划
IF 1.3
Anti-Trafficking Review Pub Date : 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.14197/atr.201221179
Jessica L. Peck
{"title":"A Train-the-Trainer Programme to Deliver High Quality Education for Healthcare Providers","authors":"Jessica L. Peck","doi":"10.14197/atr.201221179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14197/atr.201221179","url":null,"abstract":"A promising practice for educating anti-trafficking stakeholders in healthcare emerged through an innovative train-the-trainer programme from a National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioner’s initiative called the Alliance for Children in Trafficking (ACT). The purpose of this training is to provide effective, high-quality education development with wide dissemination and reach. The obstacles to in-person education due to COVID-19 resulted in a pivot to a virtual platform to continue the ACT Advocate programme. This paper considers the engagement of the nursing profession in operationalising the ACT Advocate programme as a way to lead advocacy and education efforts, using a public health approach, for effective responses to child trafficking.","PeriodicalId":43972,"journal":{"name":"Anti-Trafficking Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43662724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pedagogical Approaches to Human Trafficking Through Applied Research Laboratories 通过应用研究实验室处理人口贩运问题的教学方法
IF 1.3
Anti-Trafficking Review Pub Date : 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.14197/atr.201221174
L. Dean
{"title":"Pedagogical Approaches to Human Trafficking Through Applied Research Laboratories","authors":"L. Dean","doi":"10.14197/atr.201221174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14197/atr.201221174","url":null,"abstract":"Human trafficking is a phenomenon that lends itself to hands-on pedagogical practices and undergraduate research that, in turn, can create localised knowledge with anti-trafficking stakeholders. Research labs focused on human trafficking are one-on-one or small group applied research settings that build a bridge between the university and anti-trafficking stakeholders over multiple semesters. In this paper, I argue that one way of involving students in the anti-trafficking field is through research laboratories, like the Human Trafficking Research Lab (HTRL) at Millikin University. I explore how the HTRL develops pedagogical practices to enable students to work collaboratively with a faculty member and carry out the research process from idea to final draft. Multiple learning outcomes were found, including mentorship, a larger understanding of political science as a discipline, data compilation, presentation and critical thinking skills, and job or graduate school placement. I determined that the HTRL at Millikin offers students hands-on experience with community-engaged projects, including grappling with the ethical implications of knowledge production in social justice advocacy.","PeriodicalId":43972,"journal":{"name":"Anti-Trafficking Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46267659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Civically Engaged and Inclusive Pedagogy: Facilitating a multidisciplinary course on human trafficking 公民参与和包容性的教育学：促进关于人口贩运的多学科课程
IF 1.3
Anti-Trafficking Review Pub Date : 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.14197/atr.201221176
Annjanette Alejano-Steele
{"title":"Civically Engaged and Inclusive Pedagogy: Facilitating a multidisciplinary course on human trafficking","authors":"Annjanette Alejano-Steele","doi":"10.14197/atr.201221176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14197/atr.201221176","url":null,"abstract":"For university instructors who teach human trafficking as a comprehensive course, design decisions often begin with determining scope, disciplinary orientation, and learning goals. Further decisions involve pedagogical approaches and how to best support and sustain student learning. With civic engagement principles, universities can situate themselves within local anti-trafficking initiatives by offering courses to expand organisational capacities to end human trafficking. Using Human Trafficking 4160 at Metropolitan State University of Denver as an example, this paper provides key design questions to create a civically-engaged multidisciplinary course, partnered with agencies statewide, and equipped to support students primed for social justice and systems change. It offers suggestions for community partnerships to deliver content and co-create learning activities. It also provides pedagogical techniques to facilitate inclusive, trauma-informed learning spaces.","PeriodicalId":43972,"journal":{"name":"Anti-Trafficking Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41713470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social Work Education that Addresses Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation: An intersectional, anti-oppressive practice framework 解决性剥削贩运问题的社会工作教育：一个交叉的、反压迫的实践框架
IF 1.3
Anti-Trafficking Review Pub Date : 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.14197/atr.201221172
Lara B. Gerassi, A. Nichols
{"title":"Social Work Education that Addresses Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation: An intersectional, anti-oppressive practice framework","authors":"Lara B. Gerassi, A. Nichols","doi":"10.14197/atr.201221172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14197/atr.201221172","url":null,"abstract":"Practice, policy, and research focused on trafficking for sexual exploitation and commercial sex involvement occur in the United States within a white, heteronormative social environment that must be addressed pedagogically in the classroom. Social work education increasingly includes the topic of trafficking for sexual exploitation as a stand-alone course or as sessions embedded within other courses. Yet, very little scholarship critically examines how instruction in social work on this topic can apply intersectional, anti-oppressive frameworks across micro, mezzo, and macro levels. Furthermore, current literature suggests that some social workers use exclusionary practices when addressing trafficking and commercial sex involvement, further exemplifying the need for anti-oppressive curricula. The purpose of this paper is to critically analyse how key anti-oppressive theoretical and practice frameworks should influence education on trafficking for sexual exploitation and commercial sex involvement in social work. Written by two scholars and social work instructors, we describe how we apply these frameworks to pedagogical exercises in social work courses. Finally, we argue that intersectional, anti-oppressive social work education is critical to training social work students and, ultimately, addressing the needs of people experiencing or at risk of trafficking.","PeriodicalId":43972,"journal":{"name":"Anti-Trafficking Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47908716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Postcolonial Frameworks with Survivors’ Voices: Teaching about contemporary and historical forms of slavery and forced labour 后殖民框架与幸存者的声音:讲授当代和历史形式的奴隶制和强迫劳动
IF 1.3
Anti-Trafficking Review Pub Date : 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.14197/atr.201221175
S. Yea
{"title":"Postcolonial Frameworks with Survivors’ Voices: Teaching about contemporary and historical forms of slavery and forced labour","authors":"S. Yea","doi":"10.14197/atr.201221175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14197/atr.201221175","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the information for educating students and the public about human trafficking only involves survivors’ direct experiences as brief excerpts from more complex and detailed narratives. In this paper, I draw on a postcolonial framework to argue that sidelining survivors’ voices can bolster anti-slavery stakeholders’ agendas by selectively using survivors’ narratives to illustrate narrow constructions of slavery and forced labour. As part of education and awareness efforts, such approaches to understanding slavery and forced labour also perpetuate stereotypes that trafficked persons are powerless and lack agency. Therefore, I present an alternative educational approach to remedy these tendencies by viewing and discussing narratives by, and about, trafficked persons. This paper uses a university-level humanities and social science subject on trafficking and slavery, and related assessment tasks, as a case study to demonstrate the potential of survivors’ voices in teaching about slavery.","PeriodicalId":43972,"journal":{"name":"Anti-Trafficking Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48501621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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