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Human Rights and Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare-Related Settings: A Grammar of Human Rights Approach. 医疗保健相关环境中的人权和人工智能：人权方法的语法。
IF 0.6
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH LAW Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1163/15718093-bja10146
Helga Molbæk-Steensig, Martin Scheinin
{"title":"Human Rights and Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare-Related Settings: A Grammar of Human Rights Approach.","authors":"Helga Molbæk-Steensig, Martin Scheinin","doi":"10.1163/15718093-bja10146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718093-bja10146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines the expanding role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare and associated human rights concerns, including whether new EU legislation takes all relevant human rights concerns into account. AI presents promising ways to fulfil the right to health through improving diagnostics, treatments, and resource allocation, but its use also comes with risks concerning privacy, bias, discrimination, and human dignity. Existing literature often relies on the rather vague FATE (Fairness, Accountability, Transparency, Ethics) principles, but recent calls have been made for a human-rights-based approach more broadly to ensure the legality and ethics of AI applications. This article responds to that call by proposing a structured methodology for reconciling rights, considering both the different structures of civil and political versus economic, social and cultural human rights, the negative and positive obligations of the state, and the interplay with different AI design choices.</p>","PeriodicalId":43934,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH LAW","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
European Court of Human Rights. 欧洲人权法院。
IF 0.6
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH LAW Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1163/15718093-bja10145
Joseph Dute, Tom Goffin
{"title":"European Court of Human Rights.","authors":"Joseph Dute, Tom Goffin","doi":"10.1163/15718093-bja10145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718093-bja10145","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43934,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH LAW","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
'Synthetic' Embryonic Entities: What Really Matters in Legal Regulation? “合成”胚胎实体：法律法规中真正重要的是什么？
IF 0.6
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH LAW Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1163/15718093-bja10144
Takis Vidalis
{"title":"'Synthetic' Embryonic Entities: What Really Matters in Legal Regulation?","authors":"Takis Vidalis","doi":"10.1163/15718093-bja10144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718093-bja10144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modern ethics and law understand the human embryo as a value deserving special protection. This protection is ensured by legal systems and until recently was based on a generally accepted understanding of what we mean by 'embryo'. With the technological innovations of the last decades, this perception has begun to be challenged, as new embryonic entities have been artificially created. These entities are not derived from a gamete union and may develop in a biologically similar way to the natural embryo, at least in their early stages. To what extent should these new biological forms be protected, given their similarities and differences with the latter? This article argues that from an ethical and legal point of view, the sole criterion justifying the protection of the human embryo is its potential to fully develop into a complete organism. It is on the basis of this criterion that we should assess the protection of 'synthetic' embryonic entities and proceed to adopt specific regulations for their treatment, particularly in research.</p>","PeriodicalId":43934,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH LAW","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From European Standards to Responsible Use of AI in Clinical Practice. 从欧洲标准到在临床实践中负责任地使用人工智能。
IF 0.6
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH LAW Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1163/15718093-bja10143
Roosmarie Jessen, Marieke A R Bak, Catelijne C J Muller, Helena M Verkooijen, Kak Khee Yeung, M Corrette Ploem
{"title":"From European Standards to Responsible Use of AI in Clinical Practice.","authors":"Roosmarie Jessen, Marieke A R Bak, Catelijne C J Muller, Helena M Verkooijen, Kak Khee Yeung, M Corrette Ploem","doi":"10.1163/15718093-bja10143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718093-bja10143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This contribution explores the implications of the EU legal framework for the use of AI in health care, with a focus on the EU Artificial Intelligence Act. The AI Act, currently the most specific legal AI document, is not tailored to health care and the provisions that focus on the deployer (in this case the physician) lack specificity. Ultimately, we identify five elements for responsible AI usage in medical decision-making that, in our view, should be included in practical guidance, established by the medical profession.</p>","PeriodicalId":43934,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH LAW","volume":" ","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
European Court of Justice. 欧洲法院。
IF 0.6
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH LAW Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1163/15718093-12423569
Herman Nys
{"title":"European Court of Justice.","authors":"Herman Nys","doi":"10.1163/15718093-12423569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718093-12423569","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43934,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH LAW","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Opting Out of Scientific Research with Health Data: The Limits of the EHDS and the GDPR. 选择退出科学研究与健康数据：EHDS和GDPR的限制。
IF 0.6
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH LAW Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1163/15718093-bja10141
Maret Kruus
{"title":"Opting Out of Scientific Research with Health Data: The Limits of the EHDS and the GDPR.","authors":"Maret Kruus","doi":"10.1163/15718093-bja10141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718093-bja10141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the future, the European Health Data Space (EHDS) Regulation will enhance the secondary use of electronic health data in the EU, including for scientific research purposes. From the data subjects' perspective, the EHDS introduces a significant change, a new opt-out mechanism for the secondary use of data, in which data subjects shall have the right to opt out at any time without stating reasons. However, not all scientific research with health data will be covered by the opt-out rules of the EHDS. This article aims to clarify the effects of the EHDS' opt-out mechanism and its scope of application. It also suggests a balanced approach for Member States to implement the EHDS opt-out mechanism and reassess the implementation of the GDPR's right to object that remains relevant in the future in addition to the opt-out introduced by the EHDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":43934,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH LAW","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Family Court to Protection Court. 从家事法庭到保护法庭。
IF 0.6
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH LAW Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1163/15718093-bja10142
Marco Bo
{"title":"From Family Court to Protection Court.","authors":"Marco Bo","doi":"10.1163/15718093-bja10142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718093-bja10142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to Italian Law on informed consent and advance directives claims regarding parents' refusal of treatment in favor of a child must be referred to Protection Courts. This paper described some recent decree by District Appeal Courts called to settle the conflict of jurisdiction between Family Courts and Protection Courts in claims regarding the refusal of medical treatment in favor of minors. The decrees by the Court of Appeal confirmed that Protection Courts are entitled to manage claims regarding refusal of medical treatment by parents except when elements of neglect or maltreatment rise. They also established that the refusal of a medical treatment is not sufficient to override parental responsibility when there are no proofs of neglect. The new Italian law marks a difference between the Italian jurisdiction and the ones of other European countries and significantly limited the cases when overriding parents' responsibility is legal.</p>","PeriodicalId":43934,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH LAW","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ECJ 2025/1 Republic of Slovenia 5 September 2024 (Case C-447 P). ECJ 2025/1斯洛文尼亚共和国2024年9月5日（案例C-447 P）。
IF 0.6
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH LAW Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1163/15718093-12423568
Herman Nys
{"title":"ECJ 2025/1 Republic of Slovenia 5 September 2024 (Case C-447 P).","authors":"Herman Nys","doi":"10.1163/15718093-12423568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718093-12423568","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43934,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH LAW","volume":"32 1","pages":"83-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
European Court of Human Rights. 欧洲人权法院。
IF 0.6
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH LAW Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1163/15718093-bja10140
Joseph Dute, Tom Goffin
{"title":"European Court of Human Rights.","authors":"Joseph Dute, Tom Goffin","doi":"10.1163/15718093-bja10140","DOIUrl":"10.1163/15718093-bja10140","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43934,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH LAW","volume":" ","pages":"65-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Critical Appraisal of Informed Consent in English Medical Law: A Patient-Centred Approach Against Medical Paternalism: Who Gets to Decide What Is Best for Me? 英国医疗法律中知情同意的批判性评价：以患者为中心的方法反对医疗家长式作风：谁来决定什么对我最好？
IF 0.6
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH LAW Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1163/15718093-bja10138
Lisa Kachina Poku
{"title":"A Critical Appraisal of Informed Consent in English Medical Law: A Patient-Centred Approach Against Medical Paternalism: Who Gets to Decide What Is Best for Me?","authors":"Lisa Kachina Poku","doi":"10.1163/15718093-bja10138","DOIUrl":"10.1163/15718093-bja10138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article seeks to discuss informed consent in English law. The attitudes on informed consent have shifted to a more patient-centred approach following Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board [2015] UKSC 11, [2015] AC 1430, as opposed to the long-standing Bolam decision where clinical judgment was more widely accepted. Thus, following on from the decision in Montgomery a patient is required to know about material risks regarding the proposed treatment and not what the doctor thinks would be the best practice as has been the long-standing consensus since Bolam was decided back in 1957 with subsequent cases following suit. The Montgomery principle has allowed more transparency in the patient-doctor relationship, allowing for a discussion between the doctor and the patient to be the central focus. The outcome of Montgomery was a much needed change in healthcare because prior to this it could be seen that patients were having decisions made on their behalf, and if they had been informed accordingly regarding the risks involved may have decided not to go ahead with the procedure. In the case of Diamond v Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust [2019] EWCA Civ 585 the case highlights the issue of causation in medical negligence action if a doctor does not warn of risks and advise treatment alternatives this would not result in a claim for damages because the patient in this case as was held would have gone ahead with the mesh repair in any case, and thus failing to establish causation could result in no remedy as it did in Diamond. Furthermore, the recent case of McCulloch and others v Forth Valley Health Board [2023] UKSC 26 adds a bit of salt to the wounds of those who had thought or believed that Montgomery had already clarified the position regarding disclosure of alternative treatments to a patient, and to our dismay to learn of that once again English courts have ruled in favour of 'Bolam'.</p>","PeriodicalId":43934,"journal":{"name":"EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH LAW","volume":" ","pages":"26-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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