Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Core Stabilization Exercises on Low Back Pain, Disability and Back Muscle Endurance in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation","authors":"Mohammad Abbas Jamil, M. Bashir, R. Noor, Rehan M. Niazi, Nazeer Ahmad, Shahzad Ahmad, Haseeb Ullah Ahmad","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v29i2.5434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v29i2.5434","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lumbar disc herniation is a common musculoskeletal disorder leading to spinal degeneration. Core stability influences lumbar biomechanics, which improves muscle endurance through decreased pain of the lower back leading to minimal chances of disability. \u0000Objective: To determine the effects of Core stabilizing exercises on low back pain, disability and endurance of back muscles in Lumbar Disc Herniation patients. \u0000Methods: Randomized controlled trial was conducted on 52 patients . it was conducted 3 times a week for 30 minutes for 6 months. Participants allocated into two equal groups by lottery method. Group A was treated with controlled conventional treatment and core stabilizing exercises. Group B received only conventional treatment. This information was collected using NPRS and ODI. Besides this Biering-Sorenson and trunk flexion endurance tests were used. Probability sampling was used .Settings included AMTH, PSRD and NHMC. The study was conducted for 6 months. Ethical permission by ethical review board. data analysis by SPSS. This included male and female patients, age 20 to 60 years with disc herniation. Participants with recent surgery, inflammatory arthritis, cauda equina syndrome and spinal tumor were excluded. \u0000Results: After 8-weeks of core stabilization exercises, values of Group A are 1.93 for pain, 16.08 for disability, 1.27 and 40.54 for endurance whereas Group B showed values of 4.74 for pain, 34.08 for disability, 2.15 and 34.81 for endurance. Independent t-test showed significant difference between 2 groups with p value < 0.05. Results of current study showed considerable reduction in low back pain and disability, and a significant increase in back muscles endurance in the treatment group. \u0000Conclusion: Core stabilization exercises were effective in improving function, reducing pain, reducing functional disability and enhancing endurance in patients of lumbar disc herniation and lower back pain \u0000","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78712099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate on in-Hospital Mortality in Neonates with Perinatal Asphyxia: A Prospective Cohort Study","authors":"Javaria Rasheed, Muhammad Khalid, Barera Maryam, S. Parveen","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v29i2.5442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v29i2.5442","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Early neonatal deaths in Pakistan account for 7% of global neonatal mortality rate, with perinatal asphyxia being responsible for 23% of these cases. Controversy exists in the literature regarding role of magnesium sulphate administration on reducing in-hospital mortality in newborns with perinatal asphyxia. \u0000Objectives: To determine the effect of intravenous magnesium sulphate on in-hospital mortality in neonates with perinatal asphyxia. \u0000Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Medicine, Nishtar Hospital Multan over a period of six months from January 2022 to June 2022. A total of 183 consecutive full-term neonates, weighing ≥ 2500 grams, with Apgar score < 7 at 5-minutes after birth, presenting within 48-hours of life were included in the study. Neonates presenting within 6-hours after birth received intravenous magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) – exposed group and neonates presenting after 6-hours did not get MgSO4 – unexposed group. Baseline characteristics and survival outcome was recorded. Binary logistic regression analysis was run and Kaplan-Meier survival curve is constructed for the assessment of mortality. \u0000Results: There were 90 neonates in exposed group and 93 in unexposed group. Males constituted 53% of the study population. Overall mortality rate was 15.8% (n=29). Severe asphyxia (RR 8.5, 95% CI 4.0 – 18.0; p < 0.001) and spontaneous vaginal delivery (RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 – 2.9; p = 0.02) were the independent predictors of mortality. Mortality (7.8% vs. 23.6%, p-value 0.003) was significantly higher in unexposed group compared to exposed group. In exposed group the median survival time was 16 days (95% CI- 8.7 – 23.3) compared to 11 days (95% CI 9.9 – 12.0) in unexposed group (Log-rank test: χ2 = 6.03, df -1, p = 0.01). \u0000Conclusion: Magnesium sulphate was effective in lowering neonatal mortality due to moderate-severe perinatal asphyxia. In order to further validate its impact on mortality, multi-center studies are suggested. \u0000","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80367178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fear of Missing Out in University Students: A Psychometric Study","authors":"Almas Sabir, A. Jabeen","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v29i2.5432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v29i2.5432","url":null,"abstract":"Background: \u0000Fear of missing out is a subcategory of social anxiety and an upsurge issue which may lead university students to experience many detrimental effects on their well-being. \u0000Objective: \u0000To develop an indigenous scale with sound psychometric properties to measure fear of missing out by highlighting the culture-specific experiences of university students. \u0000Method: \u0000A mixed cross-sectional research design was used. This study was carried out from October 2020 to May 2021. Data was collected from different government and private universities in Lahore. Initially, 82 items were generated by conducting interviews with university students. After eliminating dubious items, a list of 57 items was generated. These items were given to a committee of experts for empirical validation. After that, a list of 48 items was finalized. Then these items were piloted on 14 university students. Finally, this scale along with the demographic form was administered to a sample of 400 university students (men=194, women=206) in the age range of 18 to 28 years (M=21, SD=2.15) using purposive sampling technique. \u0000Results: \u0000Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed four-factor structures of fear of missing out scale named, Low Self-Esteem, Lack of Contentment, Apprehensions, and Jealousy. In each subscale, no. of items ranges from 6 to 14 items. Results revealed the newly developed scale has a high internal consistency of a=.73, test-retest reliability r=.89, and good concurrent validity r= .34. Results also revealed that 14.0% of participants have mild, 37.3% have moderate, 32.0% have severe and 16.8% have a very severe level of fear of missing out. \u0000Conclusion: \u0000As a result of this study a 41-items self-reported measure of fear of missing out for university students, having sound psychometric properties was developed. \u0000","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76232334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Bifurcation Angle on Side Branch Occlusion in Provisional Bifurcation Stenting","authors":"Muhammad Irfan Tahir Khan, A. Hussain, A. Rashid, Zeeshan Malick, Ranal Salman Aslam","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v29i2.5444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v29i2.5444","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bifurcation angle (BA) is the critical angle that has impact on side branch (SB) occlusion during coronary intervention due to plaque shift. There have been few research studies especially in Pakistan on the role of BA in plaque shift. \u0000Objective: To know the impact of bifurcation angle on the side branch occlusion during provisional stenting. \u0000Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore on consecutively enrolled patients between July 2017 and June 2019. The subjects were split into two groups: high angle and low angle using the median BA. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify BA as an independent predictor of occlusion of SB. \u0000Results: Occurrence of side branch occlusion was found in 7.7% of the total of 600 bifurcation lesions. SB occlusion rate was found to be significantly higher in higher angle (HA) group compared to lower angle (LA) group i.e. (37/292, 12.7 %) and (9/308, 2.9 %) respectively, (P < 0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated high angle to be an independent predictor for the occlusion of side branches (odds ratio [OR]: 1.026 per degree increment, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.016 – 1.045, P < 0.001). \u0000Conclusion: Higher branching angle was noted as the independent predictor of the occlusion of side branches following provisional stenting of main vessel. \u0000","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73101084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of Haemorrhoidal Artery Ligation and Recto Anal Repair (HAL-RAR) with Doppler Guidance for Symptomatic Grade-II, III and IV Internal Haemorrhoids","authors":"W. Chaudhry, Hania Aamir, Amber Mohsin, S. Chaudhry, Samar Ghufran, M. Jamil","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v29i2.5445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v29i2.5445","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Internal haemorrhoids are very common all around the world and the classical surgical treatment is open haemorrhoidectomy for a long time. This procedure has a lot of complications and is very painful for the patient. Doppler guided HAL-RAR has shown satisfactory results in the literature with minimal pain and a significantly lower rate of complications compared to open haemorrhoidectomy . \u0000Objective: To assess the outcome of a relatively new surgical procedure (HAL-RAR) using doppler guidance for the treatment of grade-II, III and IV internal haemorrhoids. \u0000Methods: This case series was conducted at Surgimed hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, between May 2015 to December 2021. One hundred patients who attended the outpatient department of the hospital were recruited for this study. These patients presented with grade-II, III or IV symptomatic internal haemorrhoids. Surgical intervention in the form of HAL-RAR was performed in all patients and outcome was measured in terms of mean operating time, length of hospital stays, post-operative pain, recurrence of prolapse and bleeding, and early and late post-operative complications with one year follow up for all patients. \u0000Results: Out of these 100 patients, 72 were males and 28 were females. On average, seven haemorrhoidal artery ligations and three recto anal repairs were performed in each patient. The average hospital stay was 31 hours with a range between 24 hours to 72 hours. Early post-operative pain was minimum and only twelve patients required narcotic analgesics. Three patients complained of excessive pain lasting for five days. Seven patients had self-limiting bleeding, two patients had post-operative bleeding which was controlled by re-ligation of the bleeding point and one patient developed a perianal fistula. In the long term follow up, one patient had recurrence of prolapse six months after the surgery. \u0000Conclusion: HAL-RAR with doppler was a safe and efficient method for treatment of grade-II, III and IV internal haemorrhoids, with very low post-operative pain scores, satisfactory relief of symptoms, and low recurrence rates. \u0000","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87195408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of Fisher Technique for Unilateral Incomplete Cleft Lip Repair","authors":"Sana Saeed, F. Khan, S. N. Jan, Zara Shakeel, Bismah Bilal, M. M. Bashir","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v29i2.5436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v29i2.5436","url":null,"abstract":"Background:- \u0000 Cleft lip repair is imperative for a child’s physical and mental well-being. Fisher’s innovative technique adds versatility to conventional methods with optimal aesthetic results. An inconspicuous scar along the anatomical subunits is a hallmark of this procedure. \u0000Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of Fisher technique for unilateral incomplete cleft lip. \u0000Methods:- \u0000 This Quasi experimental study was conducted at the Plastic Surgery Department, Mayo Hospital Lahore from 2017 to 2021. 50 consecutive patients with primary unilateral incomplete cleft lip were included in the study. Qualitative analysis was performed using Steffensen Grading Criteria 9. Improvement in pre-operative and post-operative anthropometric ratios was also analyzed. Symmetry of repaired cleft to normal cleft side was also assessed 9,12 . \u0000Results:- \u0000 Mean age of patients was 4.14±0.72 months. Parent’s satisfaction score on the Likert scale was 4.84±0.37 (Mean ±SD). Significant improvement in anthropometric parameters (vertical lip height, vermilion height, nostril width and nostril height) except lip width was recorded. Significant symmetry was achieved for all parameters (p-value less than 0.05) except nasal height ratio (p- value=0.071). Good results were also achieved on all parameters according to Steffensen criteria. \u0000Conclusion:- \u0000 Fisher anatomical subunit repair is a reliable option for unilateral incomplete cleft lip repair producing aesthetically pleasing results. \u0000","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76447544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Invisible Killer: Investigating the Lack of Research on Smog in Pakistan","authors":"S. Afzal","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v29i2.5423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v29i2.5423","url":null,"abstract":"Smog, a combination of smoke and fog, is a major public health hazard in Pakistan, although it has gotten little attention and research. Despite the negative impacts of smog on the population, there is a dearth of studies and data on the subject, making it difficult for politicians and public health professionals to properly comprehend the issue and design effective solutions. Smog hurts public health \u0000in Pakistan, with research attributing it to an increase in respiratory infections and mortality. However, a paucity of study makes it difficult to completely comprehend the scope of the problem and its impact on the community. The purpose of this article is to highlight the critical need for additional study and data collection on the issue of smog in Pakistan and its effects on public health. We also emphasize the need for the government to prioritize this issue and take steps to alleviate the consequences of smog on the population.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85591904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Social Support, Social Media Usage, and Psychological Well- Being among Undergraduates in Different Institutions of Punjab","authors":"H. Tariq, Umme Bilqees, Seemal Fatima, Sumbal Mukhtar, H. Usman, Amad Noor Ahmad Butt","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5349","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Social media is like a magnanimous tree and us being leaves connected through twigs of imagination Today 4.33 billion people are connected to the internet, and almost all do by using their mobiles. In Pakistan, there were 71 million broadband subscribers and 69 million 3G/4G users in June 2019. \u0000Aims & Objectives: The current study aimed to find the relationship between social support, social media usage, and psychological well-being among undergraduates aged 18-25 years. Methods: A sample of eight hundred and forty-three male and female students was included in this research. A stratified random sampling technique was applied in the research. The sample was taken from departments of various institutions in Lahore. The duration of the study was 6 months. The study was a cross-sectional study and the data were collected using questionnaires based on Ryff's scale of psychological well-being, Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale, and Inventory of Social Supportive Behavior (ISSB) scale. Results: The data were analyzed on SPSS 25 and the results indicated that social support received from close ties was positively correlated with psychological well-being [r(841) = .523, n = 843, p< .001]. At the same time, social support received from online sources had no significant impact on psychological well-being while social media usage was negatively correlated with psychological well-being [r(841) = -.215, n = 843, p< .001]. Using the regression analysis technique, the three variables in combination explained 34.6% of the variance in psychological well-being [R2 = 0.346, F(6, 836) = 75.37, p< 0.01]. Age and gender had no significant effect. Conclusion: These findings implicate that healthy interpersonal relationships between close ties and \u0000undergraduate students should be encouraged and controlled usage of social networking sites should be practiced.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89733310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semitendinosus Tendon Graft for Hand Tendon Reconstruction","authors":"Hassan Tahir, Shehab Afzal Beg","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5351","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hand tendon reconstruction is required in both acute and chronic tendon injuries. A number of donor sites have been described; one such novel donor site is semitendinosus tendon used a graft for hand tendon reconstruction. Based on data reviewed, only a few cases are described up till now. Methods: Semitendinosus tendon was utilized in total of 18 patients undergoing tendon reconstruction for chronic tendon injuries and for tendon transfer to achieve adequate length. All cases were performed during \u0000January 2019 To December 2020. Full length uni/bilateral semitendinosus tendon was harvested using a tendon harvester. Tendon was used as a single slip or was split into further slips as needed for tendon reconstruction. Post operatively splints were continued as per protocol (keeping splint for 6 weeks, encouraging active physiotherapy at 8 weeks, continuing night splint age for total of 10 weeks and advising patient to avoid lifting heavy weight for at least 12 weeks). Patients were followed with assessment of strength via MRC (Medical \u0000Research Council) grading scale, and tendon excursion measurements via tip to palm distance. Results: Patients had a mean age for 27.5±2.3 with a predominant male population (72.2%). Post-operative assessment showed finger strength of MRC 5 in twelve patients and MRC 4 in three and MRC 3 in three patients. Tendon excursion was documented measuring a tip to palm distance. Three patients developed tendon adhesions which were treated with tenolysis. Conclusion: Semitendinosus is a recommended option for hand tendon (both flexor & extensor) reconstruction, providing adequate length & strength for reconstruction with high predictable availability and reliability. Although Palmaris longus remains the recommended option for single tendon reconstruction, it is absent in a few cases or is rudimentary, making it difficult to be utilized.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89107762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Diffusion-Weighted MRI ( DWI) in Differentiating Between Benign and Malignant Nodules of Thyroid Taking Histopathology as Gold Standard","authors":"Z. A. Saeed, Sadaf Arooj, Nawaz Rashid, Mahjabeen Masood, Aisha Asghar","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v29i1.5353","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thyroid gland is a principal endocrine organ, first to develop in embryo, endodermal in origin and producing hormones essential for life. It is a vascular organ inclusive of right and left lobes, surrounded by a capsule and isthmus in the centre. Objective: To determine the role of Diffusion-Weighted MRI ( DWI) in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules keeping histopathology as the gold standard. Methodology: One hundred and three patients (103) were enrolled. DWI sequence was performed on 1.5 Tesla GE machine at b-values of 0, 50 and 1000 s/mm2 with correlative ADC map and quantitative values were calculated. FNAC of the thyroid nodules was carried out and results were tallied with ADC values. Out of these, five patients lost to follow up and an inadequate sample was obtained in six patients. Results: Mean age of patients (n=92) was 39 years. Out of 92 patients, 26 patients (28.3%) showed restricted diffusion on DWI in malignant thyroid nodules. Mean ADC ( Apparent Diffusion Coefficient) value of benign \u0000thyroid nodules (1.43 × 10-3mm2s-1) was significantly greater than malignant thyroid nodules (0.91×10-3mm s-1). For discriminating two types of nodules, cut off ADC value was determined at 1.1×10-3mm2s-1 and its sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy was 84.6, 95.4, 88.8, 91.5 and 92.3% respectively. Conclusion: Diffusion Weighted MRI is a non-invasive imaging investigation without ionizing radiation hazard. Its greater soft tissue differentiation and multiplanar images help in the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules with high sensitivity and accuracy. The overload of unnecessary surgeries is thus lowered when pre-operative FNAC is indecisive and aids in making a precise diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77737382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}