ENGLISH LANGUAGE NOTES最新文献

{"title":"On Syndemics and Social Change","authors":"C. Davis","doi":"10.1215/00138282-9560309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00138282-9560309","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the discussion on unprecedented global convergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related economic crisis. Topics include highly racialized discourse around disease and epidemic surveillance and the global security state flourishing in response to terrorism;and colonial modernity, racial capitalism, and neoliberal globalism already outsourcign all the risks in the world.","PeriodicalId":43905,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH LANGUAGE NOTES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48048609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opium and Logistical Nightmares","authors":"S. Zieger","doi":"10.1215/00138282-9560254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00138282-9560254","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay argues that opium's pivotal role in nineteenth-century political economy and aesthetics constructed addiction as a relationship between labor and capital that has persisted throughout the twentieth and into the twenty-first century. Nineteenth-century discourses on opium addiction frame it as a crisis of sovereignty for individuals and masses in ways that veil its relationships to labor, collectivity, and community. Yet addiction arises within broad systems as much as it does within individuals: in this exemplary case, of labor, empire, opium, and logistics. This essay rereads nineteenth-century discourses of opium addiction through \"the logistical sublime,\" in which all manufacturing and distribution processes go smoothly, and \"the logistical nightmare,\" in which they descend into chaos. It reframes opium addiction as a logistical technique that secured and maintained the preeminence of British, and later, Chinese and US imperial capital.","PeriodicalId":43905,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH LANGUAGE NOTES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49031657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remaking the Drunkard in Early Stuart England","authors":"P. Withington","doi":"10.1215/00138282-9560199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00138282-9560199","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article traces the changing semantics of drunkard in English during the first half of the seventeenth century. Combining methods of \"distant reading\" (made possible by the Early English Books Online–Text Creation Partnership) and the \"close reading\" of didactic printed materials, it shows how this venerable Middle English word became unusually prevalent and ideologically charged in the six decades after the ascension of James VI and I to the English throne. Key to these developments was the new monarch's Counterblaste to Tobacco (1604), in which James I at once delineated a capacious concept of drunkard as someone who simply liked drinking, rather than became demonstrably drunk, and confirmed the consumption of tobacco and alcohol as an appropriate subject for the burgeoning printed \"public sphere.\" The article suggests that the separation of drunkard from drunkenness proved very useful for ministers and moralists concerned with the moral and economic consequences of unnecessary and \"superfluous\" consumption for individuals, households, and communities. Resorting to populist and didactic genres like pamphlets, sermons, dialogues, and treatises, writers ranging from the Calvinist John Downame to the regicide John Cook deployed the category of the drunkard to critique not only English drinking habits but also social and economic practices more generally. In pushing the concept so hard, however, reformers inevitably rubbed against more conventional notions of \"civil society\" and the sociable practices constituting it.","PeriodicalId":43905,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH LANGUAGE NOTES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41355930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"That Vast Quantity of Laudanum I Have Been Known to Take\": Globalization, Empire, and the Performance of Addiction in the Eighteenth Century","authors":"Benjamin Breen","doi":"10.1215/00138282-9560232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00138282-9560232","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:An impostor who claimed to be a refugee from Formosa (present-day Taiwan) named George Psalmanazar (1679?–1763) embodied two key aspects of addiction in eighteenth-century Europe: its connections to globalization and imperialism, and the complex interplay between the concept of \"positive\" addictions (such as addiction to study, devotion, or duty) and the growing attention paid to \"negative\" ones (addiction to superstition, sexuality, or intoxicating substances). Constantly changing his identity in response to his audience's expectations, Psalmanazar lived a life of continual performance—performance that hinged on trading one set of addictions for another. As he abandoned his falsified persona as an opiate-addicted, sexually licentious Taiwanese aristocrat, Psalmanazar embraced a postimposture persona as a pious scholar of religion who, like the holy men he studied, was \"addicted to the reading . . . [of] sacred writings.\" Strikingly, however, this second life as a humble scholar was sustained by regular opiate use. What had changed was how Psalmanazar thought about his use of the drug: no longer in the service of \"vanity\" or \"extravagance\" but instead in the service of God. With their blend of introspection and self-deception, Psalmanazar's Memoirs (1764) index the changing social and cultural roles of opiates and the concept of addiction in eighteenth-century Europe and beyond.","PeriodicalId":43905,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH LANGUAGE NOTES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42600000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“She Was Raised on Blood”","authors":"R. Dumas","doi":"10.1215/00138282-9277315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00138282-9277315","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Contemporary Japan has been widely identified as a scene of crisis marked by the breakdown of established sociocultural institutions and the subordination of identity and desire to ever-evolving technocapitalist whims. Japanese-horror (J-horror) media of this period reveals a collective concern with these cultural themes, routinely employing haunted technologies to elaborate the perils and possibilities of existence in a world of incertitude. This article examines Shimizu Takashi’s 2004 Marebito with attention to how the film develops a critique of the estranging forces of late capitalism and elaborates an alluring alternative, located in a return to what Derrida describes as the scene of humanity’s second trauma: “the Darwinian.” In doing so, the article traces how the drive for self-annihilation emerges in Marebito not only as a terrifying prospect but also as an occasion to forge intimate relationships with the repressed of culture.","PeriodicalId":43905,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH LANGUAGE NOTES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43600119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archives against the Police","authors":"A. J. Y. Lee","doi":"10.1215/00138282-9277337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00138282-9277337","url":null,"abstract":"L iterary scholars work at the mercy of the print archive, and for centuries, the coloniality of this archive has shaped both our reading practices and the parameters of our received knowledge. Critical scholars of race have particularly had to learn to read archives against the grain, attending to and imagining beyond their limits to fashion new kinds of knowledge and narratives.1 In the present day, in digital space, we are able to accesswhat feels like a boundless stream of textual evidence that, while still mediated by power and capital, falls outside the grasp of immediate state control. Three recent articles address the urgent question of how to read and archive the explicitly oppositional, grassroots body of online communications protesting racist police violence. How do we read and analyze these texts? How might we collect, preserve, and frame them for the future? In “Black Lives and Justicewith the Archive: ACall to Action,”Angela J. Aguayo, Danette Pugh Patton, and Molly Bandonis address “the possibilities and challenges of archiving the abundance of public communication about police violence in an ephemeral, digitally networked world” by reflecting on their experience of gathering videos into a research collection that they’ve named the Sandra Bland Digital Archive.2 In 2015 the tragedy of Sandra Bland’s death in police custody was widely publicized through the circulation on social media of police videos and photographs of her unjust arrest and detainment as well as videos that Bland herself had previously recorded and circulated documenting her criticisms of racist policing practices. The public outcry and call for justice in response to her death included a “tremendous social media response including hashtags, side-by-side photographic analysis, looped video, and other digital discourses.”3 Crucially, Aguayo, Patton, and Bandonis note, the public accessibility of social-media websites enables the “grassroots archiving” of such materials, including, for example, videos created by Black women that present “performances and iterations of words like ‘if I die in police custody’ or #SayHerName.”4Aguayo, Patton, andBandonis argue that these texts “create ‘critical interruptions’ in the normative discourse around police brutality: an apathetic resignation of a white supremacist status quo.”5 As such, the Sandra Bland Digital Archive and other similar projects document an invaluable “stream of resistance to official police reports.”6","PeriodicalId":43905,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH LANGUAGE NOTES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48970723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Queer Trauma in Caitlín R. Kiernan’s The Red Tree","authors":"Nowell Marshall","doi":"10.1215/00138282-9277260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00138282-9277260","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Despite winning numerous literary awards, Caitlín R. Kiernan’s work has received little critical attention. Scholars have focused on Kiernan’s reworking of H. P. Lovecraft’s influential weird fiction and have discussed Kiernan’s pioneering work in New Weird fiction and short fiction. As astute as much of the critical work is, none of it addresses the cornerstone of Kiernan’s fiction: trauma. This essay considers Kiernan’s novel The Red Tree as a queer American gothic novel dealing with trauma and its lingering effects on its witnesses. Through its complex, fragmentary form and its use of dream sequences and unconsciously produced narratives, the novel invites readers to witness and consume Sarah Crowe’s trauma while loosely theorizing the relationship between trauma and queer temporality and spatiality.","PeriodicalId":43905,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH LANGUAGE NOTES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43580900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trauma and Horror","authors":"K. Hurley","doi":"10.1215/00138282-9277216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00138282-9277216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43905,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH LANGUAGE NOTES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47436339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sweet-and-Sour Soup for the Psyche","authors":"S. Estok","doi":"10.1215/00138282-9277282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00138282-9277282","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Excess signals uncontrolled natural agency and thus provides a key ingredient in horror and ecohorror. Because excess ultimately threatens our agency over matter and meaning, nature comes to threaten the fall and dissolution of humanity, offer an erasure of what it means to be human, and exert a muffling of the very agency that defines our sense of our exceptionalism. Yet horror and ecohorror also enthrall. They do so precisely because they provide a perversely traumatophilic/traumatophobic sensation, a paradoxical presence of opposites that somehow, like sweet-and-sour soup for the psyche, tastes good. We watch or read ecohorror for the attraction and repulsion its various traumas offer. Horror and the disgusting captivate us, reminding us at the same time of our corporeality and its fragility. Slime is central here. Slime is the horror of boundary transgressions, of indefinability, of unstoppability, of corporeal and natural agency. Reactions to slime reveal not only a fear of nature but a fear of women, and understanding theoretical connections between sexism and ecophobia is a critical step toward ending both. Central here is understanding how the balancing between attraction and repulsion, traumatophilia and traumatophobia, produces compelling spectacle that is entertaining but stimulates no activist engagement.","PeriodicalId":43905,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH LANGUAGE NOTES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42068107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Horror, Trauma, and George A. Romero’s Martin (1978)","authors":"A. Lowenstein","doi":"10.1215/00138282-9277227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00138282-9277227","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay analyzes how George A. Romero, in his underrated psychological vampire film Martin, translates individual trauma (slow, process-based, unrecognized) into collective trauma (sudden, event-based, recognized) through a vocabulary of horror. The language of trauma spoken by Martin is not the one we expect from the horror film, with its traditional investments in fantastic spectacle. Instead, it is a language that combines horror’s fantastic vocabulary and documentary’s realist vocabulary in ways that undermine our attempts to distinguish between the two modes. Romero’s vision urges us to see catastrophe where we are accustomed to seeing only the mundane, and collective trauma where we routinely see only individual trauma. In Martin’s version of horror, the economic decline of Braddock, Pennsylvania, is paired with trauma connected to the Vietnam War and immigration. The film moves between these coordinates to revisualize the distinctions that divide the fantastic from the real as well as the individual from the collective.","PeriodicalId":43905,"journal":{"name":"ENGLISH LANGUAGE NOTES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41464601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}