Journal of Advanced Research in Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Pre/Post-Plasmid Profile Analysis, Killing- Kinetics and Secondary Metabolites Screening Of Ademopus Breviflorus (Benth) Or (Lagenaria Breviflora Roberty) Against Multiple Drug Resistant Isolates Using Staphylococcus Aureus as a Case Study","authors":"Oludare Temitope Osuntokun, Ibukun A Fawole, Yusuf-Babatunde A M, A. S","doi":"10.15226/2475-4714/4/1/00144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2475-4714/4/1/00144","url":null,"abstract":"This research work was designed to evaluate the pre-plasmid and post-plasmid, killing kinetics assay and secondary metabolites analysis of Adenopus breviflorus (Benth) (Lagenaria breviflora roberty) against multiple drug resistant isolates using Staphylococcus aureus as a case study. Multiple drug resistant isolates were subjected to antibacterial susceptibility testing before plasmid curing and Staphylococcus aureus was used as a case study after plasmid curing using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate intercalating dye following previously determined standard procedures. Antibacterial susceptibility testing of the bacterial isolates was carried out with ethanol extract of Adenopus breviflora (Benth) using agar diffusion techniques as the standard procedures. The agar diffusion was used to test the antibacterial potentials of the extract at different concentrations of 100mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 25mg/ ml and 12.5mg/ml. The extracts were tested against three (3) Gram positive and seven (7) Gram negative bacteria. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MICs) and Minimum bactericidal Concentration (MBCs) were determined and MIC and MBC values of 12.5 to 25 mcg/ ml and 23 to 50mcg/ml respectively was recorded and the time-kill kinetics profile of multiple drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus treated with different concentration of ethanolic extract of Adenopus breviflorus (Benth) in different time ranges showed reduction in number of viable cells. The qualitative and quantitative secondary metabolites screening of Adenopus breviflorus (Benth) whole fruit ethanol extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, steroids, saponins, tannins, anthraquin, pyrrolidizine alkaloid and reducing sugars as well as the value of each secondary metabolites in quantity while the presence of the volatile oil was not determined. These compounds are responsible for this broad antibacterial activity. Keywords: Pre-Plasmid; Post-Plasmid Profile Analysis; Killing- Kinetics; Secondary Metabolites Screening; Adenopus breviflorus (Benth); Lagenaria Breviflora Roberty; Multiple Drug Resistant Isolates; Staphylococcus aureus(MDRSA)","PeriodicalId":438775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Biotechnology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126298482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and functional analysis of ferritin heavy chain subunit in Oryziaslatipes","authors":"Ajit Tiwari, A. Upadhyay, Himanshu Priyadarshi, A. Roy, R. Ghosh, Suresh Yambem, Dibyajyoti Behera Uttameswar","doi":"10.15226/2475-4714/4/1/00143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2475-4714/4/1/00143","url":null,"abstract":"In North East region of India, iron toxicity is one of the major problems in culture fisheries. To overcome this challenge, it is necessary to identify the role of ferritin protein as an iron detoxificant and store in fishes. The Heavy chain in a ferritin protein possess di- Fe binding site in the fourth helix that interacts with oxygen. In this paper attempt has been made to study the structure and function of ferritin heavy chain subunit of Oryzias latipes from amino acid sequence. Physicochemical characterization by Expasy ProtParam form tools reveals that the protein is acidic, unstable and hydrophilic. A hydropathy scale showed two peak with significant score above the threshold value (0 to + value) but TMHMM conclude that there were one transmembrane domain within protein. The secondary structures contain alpha helix (56.50%), extended strands (10.73%) and coiled region (32.77%). The query sequence shows homology to the selected template (structure of mouse heavy chain modified ferritin by X-ray diffraction technique) with maximum % identity. To analyse the phylogenetic relationship, ML tree was constructed between Oryzias latipes and Oryzias melastigma for the ferritin heavy sub unit along with Cyprinus carpio as out crossed. Two distinct clads formation was observed between same genus species and the out crossed species. In protein-protein interaction analysis via STRING 10.0 tool, two enriched pathways of KEGG, six Inter Pro domains, one PFAM protein domain, one Uniprot keywords and eleven functional parameters of network analysis were identified in Oryzias latipes. The overall investigation reveals the structural features and their association in detoxification and iron homeostasis. Keywords: Ferritin Heavy Chain; Oryzias latipes; Physicochemical Characterization; Homology Modeling","PeriodicalId":438775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Biotechnology","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116311267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preview of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (Snp) and Potential Correlation between Human Genomes and Evolutionary History As Well As Religious Behaviors","authors":"B. Tang","doi":"10.15226/2475-4714/4/1/00142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2475-4714/4/1/00142","url":null,"abstract":"The story of a race to unlock the Holy Grail of biology is a fascinating and an exciting one. It appears to be an impossible task to predict the final outcome of the quest while there are so much left to play for, but undoubtedly, the swift advances in decoding the human genome and the tools available to decipher the genetic information will likely forever alter the practice of medicine. It will definitely affect anyone on this planet that have access to modern health care and will subsequently improve the condition of the entire human race.","PeriodicalId":438775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Biotechnology","volume":"246 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123754214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical characterization and pharmacological evaluation of marine polyphenols from the brown algae Padina pavonica","authors":"M. Alshaikheid, A. Abdelhamid, A. Bouraoui","doi":"10.15226/2475-4714/4/1/00141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2475-4714/4/1/00141","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Natural products continue to be a primary resource in biomedicine and biotechnology. The marine environment is highly reserve for novel pharmaceutical and medical compounds. The aim of this work was to identify bioactive components from the brown seaweed Padina pavonica with specific pharmacological potential. Methods: In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of polyphenol fraction from Padina pavonica for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity using the carrageen an-induced paw edema model in rats and there in vitro antioxidant activity using two methods: DPPH radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) [8]. Results: The polyphenol-rich fraction from the brown seaweed Padina pavonica exhibits a significant anti-inflammatory activity at the dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg and the maximum reduction of the edema was observed at the third hour with 53.49% and 58.6% of inhibition, respectively. Along with, we were interested in the investigation of the antioxidant activity. The DPPH radical-scavenging assay shows that the polyphenol fractions have an interesting cavenging activity at a low concentration (0.25 mg/mL). In addition, the Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method reveals an antioxidant activity with IC50 = 0.4 mg/mL. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the polyphenol fraction of Padina pavonica is a promising bio source of compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential; this may be useful as a candidate for the developing of potential therapeutic products. Keywords: Brown Seaweeds; Padina pavonica; Anti-Inflammatory Activity; Antioxidant Activity","PeriodicalId":438775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Biotechnology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121937569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A practical approach to unveiling auto-catalytic cleavages mediated by Mxe GyrA intein and improving the production of authentic bFGF","authors":"Hao Wang, Xiuhua Hu, S. Thiyagarajan, Cheuk Yin Nelson Lai, K. Ng, C. Lam, W. Wong","doi":"10.15226/2475-4714/4/1/00140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2475-4714/4/1/00140","url":null,"abstract":"A controllable cleavage activity of inteins to release target proteins from affinity tags is an attractive approach for the production of heterologous proteins. Expression of CellBD-GyrA-bfgf (CGF), a fusion precursor comprising the cellulose binding domain (CellBD) of an endoglucanase (Eng) encoded by the cenA gene of Cellulomonas fimi at the N-terminus, Mxe GyrA intein (GyrA) in the middle, and human basic fibroblast growth factor (bfgf) at the C-terminus, resulted in incomplete auto-catalytic cleavages and a partial release of free bFGF in the cytosol of Escherichia coli. Amino acid substitutions involving Cys1Ala (C1A) and His197Gln (H197Q) performed simultaneously at both termini of GyrA on CellBD-GyrA-bfgf, thus forming the 49-kDa full-length CGF (H197Q; C1A) mutant precursor (49-kDa MP), were found to exhibit an inhibitory effect on the cleavage detected between CellBD and GyrA, thereby enhancing the reservation of intact 49- kDa MP, which was shown to bind well to Avicel. Sequencing analysis showed that 49-kDa MP underwent complex auto-processing activities involving self-cleavages, proteolysis and fusion of degraded fragments to give rise to a variety of smaller intermediates. One such intermediate, 39-kDa (SI), was also found to be able to bind to Avicel. Free bFGF was effectively cleaved from 49-kDa MP and 39-kDa SI bound on Avicel at pH 8.5 or in the presence of succinic acid. Released bFGF was substantiated to possess the authentic structure and potent bioactivity. The findings may pave way for the development of a facile scalable approach for enhancing production of a heterologous protein. Keywords: Mxe GyrA Intein; Site-Specific Mutagenesis; Cellulose Binding Domain; Avicel; bFGF ; in vitro Cleavages; pH 8.5 ; Succinic Acid","PeriodicalId":438775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122045982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bactericidal potential of Agrochemicals against bacterial leaf spot pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vesicatoria of tomato prevalent in Nashik region, Maharashtra and ability of bacteria to form pesticide resistant mutant","authors":"S. AjayasreeT, B. Barhate","doi":"10.15226/2475-4714/3/2/00138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2475-4714/3/2/00138","url":null,"abstract":"Selection of suitable agrochemicals/pesticides plays an important role in the management of bacterial plant pathogen prevalent in a given area, may be due to the presence of pesticide resistance available in the pathogen. In this scenario, the assessment of bactericidal potential of agrochemical to be used in the management of bacterial plant pathogen is very necessary. To manage the bacterial leaf spot and blight pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vesicatoria on tomato prevalent in Nashik region, the bactericidal potential of various agrochemicals were assayed. The bacterial potential of antibiotic Streptomycin sulphate, and Streptocycline; the bactericide Bactericin-100, and the Bordeaux mixture; the copper fungicide Copper-ox chloride and the dithiocarbamate group of fungicide Mancozeb; the combination of Copper ox chloride + Streptocycline were against the tomato leaf spot and blight pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vesicatoria under in vitro condition. The minimum inhibitory concentration of these agrochemicals against Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vesicatoria varies indicating the variable bactericidal potential of these agrochemicals against the said bacterium prevalent in Nashik areas. The bacterial population of Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vesicatoria was resistant to the antibiotic Terramycin, Streptomycin sulphate and to the fungicide Copper ox chloride, Mancozeb and a combination of Copper ox chloride + Streptomycin sulphate and induced the pesticide resistant mutant in the bacterium with various mutation frequencies. The mutation rate for Terramycin and Streptomycin sulphate was 3.5 x 10-4 and 2 x 10-4 respectively, whereas, for Dithane Z-78, Mancozeb and a combination of Copper ox chloride+ Streptomycin sulphate was 2.6 x 10-4, 8 x 10-5 and 5 x 10-5.respectively. The agrochemicals which were completely inhibitory to the bacterium and did not allow the formation of antibiotic or antibiotic + fungicide resistance mutant were Streptocycline, Streptocycline+ Copper ox chloride and Streptocycline + Bordeaux mixture. Keywords: Antibiotics; Bactericides; Fungicides; Mutant","PeriodicalId":438775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Biotechnology","volume":"25 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121006707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Further Developments on the (EG) Exponential-MIR Class of Distributions","authors":"C. Ampadu","doi":"10.15226/2475-4714/3/2/00137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2475-4714/3/2/00137","url":null,"abstract":"The Modified Inverse Rayleigh (MIR) distribution appeared in [Khan, M. S. (2014).Modified inverse Rayleigh distribution. International Journal of Computer Applications, 87(13):28–33] who got some theoretical properties of this distribution, and in[Nasiru, S., Mwita, P. N. and Ngesa, O. (2017). Exponentiated Generalized Exponential Dagum Distribution. Journal of King Saud University- Science, In Press] they introduced the (EG) Exponential-X class of distributions and obtained some theoretical properties with application. By assuming the random variable X follows the MIR distribution, some theoretical properties with application of the (EG) Exponential-MIR Class of distributions appeared in [Nasiru, S., Mwita, P. N. and Ngesa, O. (2018). Discussion on Generalized Modified Inverse Rayleigh Distribution. Applied Mathematics and Information Sciences, 12(1):113-124]. In the present paper we propose some extensions of the (EG) Exponential-MIR class of distributions. The (EG) Exponential- MIR class of distributions is part of Chapter 5 [Nasiru, S. (2018). A New Generalization of Transformed-Transformer Family of Distributions. Doctor of Philosophy thesis in Mathematics (Statistics Option). Pan African University, Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation, Kenya], where the naming convention “NEGMIR” is used Keywords: T-X (W) family of distributions; Exponentiated Generalized distributions; Modified Inverse Rayleigh distribution; biological data; health data","PeriodicalId":438775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Biotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127977345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misuse and development of resistance towards antibiotics: A survey among 1000 patients in Gopalganj district in Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Roich Khan, Md. Rakib Hossain, Mo Amin, S. Khan, M. T. Islam","doi":"10.15226/2475-4714/3/2/00136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2475-4714/3/2/00136","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was done to view the level of knowledge about antibiotic misuse and the development of antibiotic resistance among the general people in the District Gopalganj, Bangladesh. For this purpose, questionnaires were prepared and distributed randomly among 1000 abusers within the age range 15 to 80 years. To get appropriate responses, some literate volunteers were assigned who directly collected data. Results suggest that males were more misusers than the females. Second generation antibiotics are the frequently used antibiotics among the patients. More patients were found using antibiotics without clinical diagnosis and in an incomplete dose fashion. More studies are necessary to find out the actual facts on antibiotic misusages and the subsequent gaining of antibiotic resistance. Key words: Antibiotics; Misuse; Resistance; Health care.","PeriodicalId":438775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Biotechnology","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131802588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of examination stress on Autonomic functions, Eating behavior and Quality of life in Dental students with Type D personality","authors":"A. Safiya, K. Sailesh, P. Amarnath, Movva Swathi, S. Chandana, KrovvidiSaiVivek, R. SudhakarReddy, SuseelammaD","doi":"10.15226/2475-4714/3/2/00135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2475-4714/3/2/00135","url":null,"abstract":"Dental education was reported to be stressful and higher levels of stress were reported in dental students when compared with the general population of same age groups. Individuals with higher levels of negative affectivity (more negative feelings) and social inhibition (those do not share the emotions with others) are labeled as Type D personality. The present study was undertaken to observe the effect of examination stress on autonomic functions, eating behavior and quality of life in dental students with type D personality. 64 apparently healthy students belonging to the first year of the BDS course who were willing to participate voluntarily, were included in the study. Based on the scores of DS 14 of the questionnaires, they were grouped into Type-D and Non-Type D. After grouping them, rest of the data was collected using standard methods mentioned in the literature. Data was collected during pre examination period that is 48 hours before the practical examinations. There was no significant difference in the demographic data of type D and non type D individuals. Perceived stress score was significantly high in type D personalities when compared with non-type D personalities (P< 0.05). Systolic BP (P< 0.05), Diastolic BP (P< 0.001) and heart rate (P< 0.001) was significantly higher in type D personalities when compared with non-type D personalities. EAT-26 scores were not significantly different among type D and non type D individuals. Physical health score, psychological health, social relationships and environmental scores were lower in type D personalities when compared with non-type D personalities. However, the difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, there was a significant higher level of stress, impaired autonomic function in individuals with type D personality during pre examination period. Eating behavior and quality of life was not significantly different among type D and non type D personalities. We recommend further detailed, multi centre studies to understand and to develop effective coping mechanisms for management of type D personalities in general. Key words: Examination stress; type D personality; Dental students; Quality of life","PeriodicalId":438775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Biotechnology","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126676906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening and Characterization of Achromobacter xylosoxidans isolated from rhizosphere of Jatropha curcas L. (Energy Crop) for plant-growth-promoting traits","authors":"Ashwani Kumar, Preeti Vyas, D. Kumar, Anamika Dubey","doi":"10.15226/2475-4714/3/1/00134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2475-4714/3/1/00134","url":null,"abstract":"Jatropha curcas L. belongs to family Euphorbiaceae is a perennial, drought resistant, and multipurpose oil seed plant. It is often recognized as an potential source for future biodiesel production [1–4]. Jatropha curcas is a tropical plant and grow in wastelands, areas with low precipitation. Jatropha can be grown in boundaries to protect agriculture fields from grazing and soil erosion or they can be planted in the farms as a commercial crop. To improve its growth and production for biofuel generation, a number of agricultural management practice have been used by several researchers in the past. Kumar et al.[2,5–9] used different bioinoculants to improve its growth and yield under saline and alkaline soil conditions. The bioinoculants used in previous Abstract","PeriodicalId":438775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Research in Biotechnology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123068264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}