Solar-Terrestrial Physics最新文献

{"title":"Database of geomagnetically induced currents in the main transmission line “Northern Transit”","authors":"Vasiliy Selivanov, Tatyana Aksenovich, Vladislav Bilin, Vitaliy Kolobov, Yaroslav Saharov","doi":"10.12737/stp-93202311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-93202311","url":null,"abstract":"Database containing the results of measurements of geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) for the period of 2011 to 2022 in transformer neutrals at three 330 kV substations of the main power transmission lines “Northern Transit” passing through the territory of the Republic of Karelia, Murmansk and Leningrad regions has been created and is publicly available. The GIC value depends on the geoelectric field magnitude in the Earth surface, on the relative position of the substations to which the power transmission lines are connected, and on the resistance of electrical network elements. Important factors are the electrical network branching, which determines paths of induced current spreading, and the network topology at the time of monitoring data acquisition. We describe the structure and principles of functioning of the Russian unique regional monitoring system of geomagnetically induced currents in the electrical network. We demonstrate the features of the data contained in the GIC database, which must be taken into account when processing and analyzing the data. Examples of using the GIC database for energy and geophysical studies are given. The work performed on the organization of continuous monitoring of GIC at substations of the main power transmission line in the Arctic zone has no analogues in the Russian Federation and provides extensive original material that allows us to study geomagnetic disturbances and their impact on electrical networks. The database is available at [http://gic.en51.ru]","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136279669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of geomagnetic disturbances on scintillations of GLONASS and GPS signals as observed on the Kola Peninsula","authors":"Vladimir Belahovskiy, Pavel Budnikov, Alexey Kalishin, Sergey Pilgaev, Alexey Roldugin","doi":"10.12737/stp-93202307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-93202307","url":null,"abstract":"We have compared effects of geomagnetic disturbances during magnetic storms of various types (CME and CIR) and during an isolated substorm on scintillations of GLONASS and GPS signals, using a Septentrio PolaRx5 receiver installed in Apatity (Murmansk Region, Russia). We analyze observational data for 2021. The magnetic storms of November 3–4, 2021 and October 11–12, 2021 are examined in detail. The November 3–4, 2021 magnetic storm was one of the most powerful in recent years. The analysis shows that the scintillation phase index reaches its highest values during nighttime and evening substorms (σϕ≈1.5–1.8), accompanied by a negative bay in the magnetic field. During magnetic storms, positive bays in the magnetic field, associated with an increase in the eastward electrojet, lead, however, to quite comparable values of the phase scintillation index.
 An increase in phase scintillations during nighttime and evening disturbances correlates with an increase in the intensity of ULF waves (Pi3/Pc5 pulsations) and with the appearance of aurora arcs. This confirms the important role of ULF waves in forming the auroral arc and in developing ionospheric irregularities. The predominance of the green line in the spectrum of auroras indicates the contribution of disturbances in the ionospheric E layer to the scintillation increase. Pulsating auroras, associated with ionospheric disturbances in the D layer, do not lead to a noticeable increase in phase scintillations. Analysis of ionospheric critical frequencies according to ionosonde data from the Lovozero Hydrometeorological Station indicates the contribution of the sporadic Es layer of the ionosphere to jumps in phase scintillations.
 The difference between phase scintillation values on GLONASS and GPS satellites during individual disturbances can be as great as 1.5 times, which may be due to different orbits of the satellites. At the same time, the level of GLONASS/GPS scintillations at the L2 frequency is higher than at the L1 frequency. We did not find an increase in the amplitude index of scintillations during the events considered.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136279672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural electromagnetic oscillations in 4–12 Hz frequency range as measured by SWARM satellites and CARISMA magnetometer network","authors":"Nadezda Yagova, Evgeny Fedorov, Vyacheslav Pilipenko, Nikolay Mazur","doi":"10.12737/stp-93202314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-93202314","url":null,"abstract":"We examine magnetic field variations at 4–12 Hz frequencies in the upper ionosphere and on Earth. The ground response to the coherent oscillations at two SWARM satellites near and above the high frequency boundary of the nominal Pc1 range is studied. We use CARISMA data to analyze ground pulsations. Ionospheric oscillations are predominantly registered at geomagnetic latitudes above 65°, i. e. from the auroral zone to the polar cusp-cleft region. The oscillations at the same frequencies are recorded at auroral and subauroral ground stations at distances from 1500 to 3000 km from satellite footprint. Ratio RGI of the oscillation amplitude on Earth to that in the ionosphere retrieved from the observed data is compared to the values calculated for a finite radius Alfvén beam incident onto a quasi-real ionosphere. [Fedorov et al., 2018]. Radial distribution of RGI depends on the oscillation frequency and the altitude distribution of ionospheric parameters controlled mostly by season and local time. The most probable values of RGI range from 10–3 to 10–1. The RGI values obtained from the observed data agree with model ones at incident beam radius of about several hundred kilometers.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136279834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial ponderomotive forces of Alfvén waves in near-Earth plasma","authors":"Anatol Guglielmi, Feliks Feygin","doi":"10.12737/stp-93202304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-93202304","url":null,"abstract":"In the study of the ponderomotive action of Alfvén waves on near-Earth plasma, the general formula for ponderomotive forces, known in classical electrodynamics of continuous media, was previously used. The formula does not explicitly take into account the multi-ion composition of the plasma. Under the action of the waves, significant changes were found in macroscopic parameters — plasma density and velocity. Plasma in Earth’s magnetosphere contains ions with different charge-to-mass ratios. Besides hydrogen and helium ions, the plasma has an admixture of oxygen ions of ionospheric origin, as well as an admixture of other heavy ions. In this connection, a wide range of problems arise on the ponderomotive separation of ions of various types. To solve these problems, it is proposed to use partial ponderomotive forces and to describe the plasma not by hydrodynamic, but by quasi-hydrodynamic equations. In this paper, we discuss the derivation of partial forces for a traveling monochromatic Alfvén wave, and also suggest a method for deriving more general formulas by expanding the classical formula, known in macroscopic electrodynamic, into the sum of partial forces. The ponderomotive separation of ions is illustrated by the example of the problem for diffusion equilibrium of magnetospheric plasma. We propose a hypothesis that Alfvén waves redistribute plasma along geomagnetic field lines in such a way that the plasma at the magnetic field minima is characterized by an increased content of heavy ions. We suggest that a small admixture of heavy ions exists in the polar wind jet stream. The article is dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the discovery of Alfvén waves.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136279663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of spectrum of secondary acoustic-gravity waves in the middle and upper atmosphere in a high-resolution numerical model","authors":"Nikolay Gavrilov, Sergey Kshevetskii","doi":"10.12737/stp-93202310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-93202310","url":null,"abstract":"Considerable attention has recently been paid to the study of so-called “secondary” acoustic-gravity waves (AGWs) that arise as a result of instability and nonlinear interactions of “primary” wave modes propagating from atmospheric sources, among themselves, and with the mean flow. In this paper, for the first time, the horizontal spatial spectra of primary and secondary AGWs are separated at fixed altitude levels in the middle and upper atmosphere at different time moments, which are simulated using a three-dimensional nonlinear high-resolution model AtmoSym. It is shown that in a short time after switching on the plane wave source at the lower boundary of the model, the spectrum consists of a peak corresponding to primary AGW and quasi-white noise generated by random atmospheric disturbances and the numerical model. Later, secondary peaks appear in the spectra at horizontal wave numbers, which are multiples of the wave numbers of primary AGW. The proposed separation of the spectra of primary and secondary AGWs makes it possible to estimate the relative contribution of secondary AGW at different altitudes, at different times, and with different stability of background temperature and wind profiles in the atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136279826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of alpha particles in penetration of solar wind diamagnetic structures into the magnetosphere","authors":"Viktor Eselevich, Vladimir Parhomov","doi":"10.12737/stp-93202302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-93202302","url":null,"abstract":"We present the results of studies showing the presence of simultaneous jumps in the density of protons (N2/N1)p and alpha particles (N2/N1)α at the boundaries of diamagnetic structures (DS) of various types both in the quasi-stationary slow solar wind (SW) and in sporadic SW. For DS of quasi-stationary slow SW, associated with streamer belt or chains, in the statistics considered in the paper there is a single linear dependence of (N2/N1)α on (N2/N1)p. This means that these jumps have the same physical nature and are related to diamagnetism at the boundaries of DS of quasi-stationary SW streams of various types.
 At the front of interplanetary shock waves (ISW), the (N2/N1)α jump is approximately twice as large as the (N2/N1)p jump. This reflects the features of the collective collisionless plasma heating at ISW fronts and requires further studies. A maximum excess (almost 3 times) of the increase in the alpha-particle density (N2/N1)α over the increase in the proton density (N2/N1)p is observed in eruptive prominences.
 The magnetospheric response in such phenomena as auroras, proton and alpha particle fluxes, geomagnetic field, and geomagnetic pulsations is similar under the influence of DS of various types and ISW. The detected features of the magnetospheric response to the contact with DS of different types and ISW can be interpreted as impulsive passage of the DS matter (plasmoid) into the magnetosphere.
 The results of studies of the (N2/N1)α jumps can be used as an additional important argument in identifying cases of impulsive penetration of DS into the magnetosphere and in examining the physical nature of these penetrations.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136280330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Sizing and Assessment of Standalone Photovoltaic Systems for Community Health Centers in Mali","authors":"Abid Ali, Maïté Volatier, Maxime Darnon","doi":"10.3390/solar3030029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3030029","url":null,"abstract":"Despite abundant solar resources, Mali has remained one of the least electrified countries in the world. Besides daily life activities and the economy, the shortage of electricity has severely affected the quality of healthcare services in the country. In the absence of electrical grids, standalone photovoltaic (PV) systems could be an alternative option in Mali for the electrification of isolated community health centers. However, because standalone PV systems are highly weather-dependent, they must be properly sized according to the local weather conditions. This paper presents the optimal sizing of standalone PV systems for the electrification of community health centers in Mali. The optimization for PV systems was performed for five different locations through simulation and modeling using PVsyst, considering the autonomy of 1 to 3 days and the probability of loss of load for 1 to 5%. Furthermore, for the economic analysis, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), payback period and return on investment for the standalone PV systems were calculated. Through the optimization, it was found that the standalone PV systems with PV array sizes ranging from 1650 to 2400 watts, along with 606 Ah battery storage, would be suitable to supply the daily energy demand for community health centers anywhere in the country. Moreover, by only replacing the 606 Ah battery storage with 1212 Ah and 1818 Ah sizes, the PV systems would be able to help and keep the energy reserves for 2 and 3 autonomous days, respectively. Furthermore, the results show that in comparison to a LCOE of 0.94–0.98 USD/kWh for a diesel generator, the LCOE for the standalone PV system would range from 0.23 to 0.46 USD/kWh without discounted rates and from 0.33 to 0.60 USD/kWh if discounted at 6%. In addition to a lower LCOE, the saving of 46–76 tons of CO2 during the project’s lifespan, the short payback periods and high return of investment (ROI) values make standalone PV systems a suitable electrification option for Mali. Considering the total expenses, LCOE, payback period, and ROI, standalone PV systems for community health centers were found to be economically viable in all cases for Mali.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Development of a Conceptual Solar Energy Laboratory for District Heating Applications","authors":"Jaewook Chung, Sreenath Sukumaran, Aleksandr Hlebnikov, Anna Volkova","doi":"10.3390/solar3030028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3030028","url":null,"abstract":"The decarbonization of the district heating (DH) sector is receiving attention worldwide. Solar energy and heat pump technologies are widely considered in existing and new DH networks. There is a need to understand the influence of solar energy on district heating experimentally. However, only a few university laboratories are focused on district heating aspects. Further, the concept of such laboratories is not adequately disseminated in the scientific literature. The main objective of this paper is to develop a conceptual design of a solar energy laboratory with a focus on district heating systems. The proposed concept forms part of the preliminary study carried out by a research group at the Tallinn University of Technology. First, a brief literature review on solar energy laboratory development is provided. Then, the conceptual design of such a laboratory is presented, along with a case study. Regardless of project size, the main components of a district heating-based solar energy laboratory are solar collectors, thermal energy storage (TES) tanks, and a control system. The proposed laboratory is expected to serve multiple roles, such as a practical laboratory to provide interdisciplinary courses for students, a research and experimental platform for researchers, and a cradle to achieve the campus green initiative. It is roughly estimated that the thermal energy output from the proposed laboratory would meet around 25% of the heat demand of the institutional building during the summer season (May, June, July, and August). It is expected that the present study will be a reference material for the development of innovative energy laboratories in educational institutions.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77260015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar Resource and Energy Demand for Autonomous Solar Cooking Photovoltaic Systems in Kenya and Rwanda","authors":"João P. Cardoso, António Couto, Paula A. Costa, Carlos Rodrigues, Jorge Facão, David Loureiro, Anne Wambugu, Sandra Banda, Izael Da Silva, Teresa Simões","doi":"10.3390/solar3030027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3030027","url":null,"abstract":"The challenges associated with traditional cooking methods in African countries, particularly the use of firewood and charcoal, which have negative impacts on the environment, health and human and economic development and safety, are addressed in this work. Given the high annual solar irradiation on the African continent, photovoltaic-powered electric cooking alternatives, such as electric pressure cookers (EPCs), are identified as a potential efficient, clean and affordable cooking solution. This work focuses on the potential of standalone solar electric cookers for use in rural African locations, namely, if this type of solution can satisfy cooking demand. Surveys and experimental data from several households in two different countries (Rwanda and Kenya) were collected. Specifically, the researchers performed a survey regarding cooking habits and an experimental campaign to determine real energy consumption profiles of EPCs. The main results are analyzed and discussed in this work. An assessment of the solar power capability to directly supply the EPCs’ energy demand, as determined from the experimental data, is performed. The findings indicate that, for the most commonly prepared food types, using EPCs saves considerable time in comparison with traditional cooking methods. In Rwanda, time savings range from 55% to 84%, while in Kenya, the time saved varies from 9% to 64%. Results show that, even for scenarios with high installed solar capacity, storage solutions are required to enable the PV-powered EPC system to supply more than 50% of meal demand.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88194931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harmonic Stability Assessment of Commercially Available Single-Phase Photovoltaic Inverters Considering Operating-Point Dependencies","authors":"E. Kaufhold, Jan Meyer, J. Myrzik, P. Schegner","doi":"10.3390/solar3030026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3030026","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of renewables in the energy sector, e.g., in public low-voltage networks, leads to an increasing share of installed power electronic devices, e.g., inverters for photovoltaic applications. To rely on these devices, suitable analyses have to be performed. This includes studies of the device stability in the harmonic frequency range, i.e., above 50 Hz up to 2 kHz. State-of-the-art time-domain studies for harmonic stability analyses require detailed knowledge about the inverter design. Black-box studies must identify the inverter characteristics in the laboratory, which can differ depending on specific operating points, i.e., specific operating powers. This study analyzes the operating-point dependency of inverters on the critical inductance values of the network impedance, e.g., the inductances at which the inverter is expected to become unstable. Measurements are performed for three operating powers of an unknown, commercially available single-phase inverter to validate the critical inductances. Two further commercially available inverters and four simulative implementations are analyzed as well with regard to the critical inductance and the critical frequency. The results demonstrate the importance of considering a representative range of operating powers of the inverter for the small-signal stability analysis.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78301318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}