{"title":"On Rationality in The Traveler’s Dilemma","authors":"Rodrigo Moro, Marcelo Auday, F. Tohmé","doi":"10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2018.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2018.03","url":null,"abstract":"espanolKaushik Basu presenta el dilema del viajero (DV) como un desafio a la teoria de juegos. El desafio ha sido investigado experimentalmente. Al enfrentarse a la version de Basu del DV o similares, los participantes (incluyendo a expertos en teoria de juegos) se comportan como sugiere Basu. Sin embargo, un pequeno cambio en el juego tiene como consecuencia revertir las tendencias de eleccion. La cuestion es, entonces, si es posible brindar una explicacion de los principales hallazgos empiricos como consecuencias de decisiones racionales (es decir, racionalizarlos). Hay varias propuestas en la literatura pero ninguna provee una explicacion satisfactoria de por que expertos en teoria de juegos jugando entre si usualmente rechazan la unica estrategia no dominada del DV. El objetivo de este articulo es sugerir una propuesta alternativa que solucione este problema. EnglishKaushik Basu presents the Traveler’s Dilemma (TD) as a challenge to Game Theory. This challenge has been experimentally investigated. When faced with Basu’s version of the TD, participants (including experts in game theory) behave in the way Basu suggests. However, a little change in the game turns out to reverse participants’ choices. The question is, then, whether it is possible to provide an account of the main empirical findings as consequences of rational choices (i.e., to rationalize them). There are several proposals in the literature but none of them provides a satisfactory account for why experts in game theory playing against each other usually reject the only undominated option of the TD. The goal of this article is to suggest an alternative proposal that fixes this problem.","PeriodicalId":43820,"journal":{"name":"CRITICA-REVISTA HISPANOAMERICANA DE FILOSOFIA","volume":"28 1","pages":"55-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87339864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sergio F. Martínez y Xiang Huang, Hacia una filosofía de la ciencia centrada en prácticas","authors":"Godfrey Guillaumin","doi":"10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2018.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2018.103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43820,"journal":{"name":"CRITICA-REVISTA HISPANOAMERICANA DE FILOSOFIA","volume":"22 1","pages":"115-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86190159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fully Understanding Concept Possession","authors":"Víctor M. Verdejo","doi":"10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2018.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2018.01","url":null,"abstract":"Can subjects genuinely possess concepts they do not understand fully? A simple argument can show that, on the assumption that possession conditions are taken to fully individuate concepts, this question must be answered in the negative.In this paper, I examine this negative answer as possibly articulated within Christopher Peacocke’s seminal theory. I then discuss four central lines of attack to the view that possession of concepts requires full understanding. I conclude that theorists should acknowledge the existence of indefinitely many cases of genuine concept possession for partially understood concepts and therefore face the determination challenge, namely, the challenge of fully determining concept individuation from concept possession conditions of partially understood concepts.","PeriodicalId":43820,"journal":{"name":"CRITICA-REVISTA HISPANOAMERICANA DE FILOSOFIA","volume":"78 1","pages":"3-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76093437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Verdad sobre la no existencia: un problema para la teoría reduccionista de Tim Crane. Nota crítica sobre \"The Objects of Thought\": Tim Crane, \"The Objects of Thought\", Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013, 208 pp.","authors":"Manuel Almagro Holgado","doi":"10.22201/iifs.18704905e.2018.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.2018.99","url":null,"abstract":"El objeto de esta nota crítica es comentar algunas de las ideas que aparecen en el libro The Objects of Thought (2013) de Tim Crane y, posteriormente, discutir con más detalle una de ellas, concretamente la propuesta de Crane para explicar la verdad sobre lo que decimos acerca de cosas que no existen —en lo que sigue me referiré a esto como “problema de la no existencia”—. La tarea de explicar estos casos —en los que pensamos o decimos que es verdad que un objeto no existente tiene tal y cual propiedad— ha ocupado un lugar destacado entre los problemas filosóficos desde la antigüedad (cfr. Teeteto 189a). Así que, además de tener presencia histórica en la literatura, este problema sobresale entre las principales cuestiones filosóficas porque supone un obstáculo importante para las posiciones que parten de la concepción tradicional de lo mental y que tratan de dar cuenta de la función y naturaleza de la mente, como es el caso de Crane en la obra que comentamos aquí.1 En su libro, Crane ofrece una solución reduccionista al problema de la no existencia.2 Su propuesta consiste en explicar la verdad de lo que decimos acerca de algo que no existe apelando a su dependencia de otras verdades sobre","PeriodicalId":43820,"journal":{"name":"CRITICA-REVISTA HISPANOAMERICANA DE FILOSOFIA","volume":"13 1","pages":"99-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78381339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"La diferencia sexual en las neurociencias y la neuroeducación","authors":"S. Bañón, M. Vicent","doi":"10.22201/iifs.18704905e.2018.1073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.2018.1073","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLos argumentos neurocientificos focalizados en demostrar diferencias sexuales en el cerebro gozan de una gran popularidad. Algunas de las conclusiones de dichos experimentos han derivado en propuestas neuroeducativas que promueven la educacion segregada por sexos. Estas propuestas carecen del rigor necesario para poder ser aplicadas. No solo porque los estudios neurocientificos estan lejos de poder aseverar diferencias sexuales significativas en el cerebro, sino porque falta un dialogo critico entre las ciencias que fundamente estrategias educativas adecuadas en el ambito de las diferencias sexuales del cerebro. Concluimos que es necesario establecer un dialogo entre los diferentes ambitos que conforman la neuroeducacion, porque solamente de este modo se pueden fundamentar modelos educativos democraticos donde la igualdad de genero sea un valor irrenunciable. EnglishNeuro-scientific arguments focused on demonstrating sexual differences in the brain are very popular. Some of the conclusions of these experiments have derived in neuro-educational proposals aimed at fostering single-sex education projects. Such proposals are insufficiently rigorous for their application to be justified, not only because neuro-scientific studies are far from being able to identify significant sexual differences in the brain, but because the necessary critical dialogue between sciences that might sustain appropriate educational strategies is lacking. We conclude that there is a need to establish such a dialogue between the different areas involved in the neuro-education field. Only through a dialogue of this kind would we be able to base democratic educational models where gender equality is an inalienable value","PeriodicalId":43820,"journal":{"name":"CRITICA-REVISTA HISPANOAMERICANA DE FILOSOFIA","volume":"40 1","pages":"3-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85346937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interacción e igualdad. La interpretación dialógica de la teoría constructiva de tipos","authors":"Shahid Rahman, Nicolas Clerbout, Juan Redmond","doi":"10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2017.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2017.199","url":null,"abstract":"espanolMediante un estudio dialogico de la nocion de igualdad definicional de la teoria constructiva de tipos (TCT), se mostrara que tal igualdad, que en la TCT provee el criterio de identidad asociado a un tipo, puede comprenderse, desde el punto de vista ludico, como resultado de una forma especifica de interaccion dialogica regida por la regla formal, mas conocida recientemente como la regla socratica, que prescribe el uso de jugadas de espejo (copy-cat moves). Esto se ilustrara con el desarrollo dialogico de las partes esenciales de la demostracion del axioma de eleccion de Per Martin-Lof, quien baso su prueba en la igualdad definicional entre la funcion que prueba el antecedente y la funcion que ocurre en el consecuente. EnglishThe main aim of the present paper is to show, by means of a dialogical study, that the notion of judgemental equality of Constructive Type Theory (CTT), which in this theory furnishes the criterion of identity of a type, can be understood from the game-theoretical point of view as the result of a specific form of dialogical interaction governed by the development rule known as formal rule or (more recently) Socratic rule, which prescribes the use of copy-cat moves. It will be shown, as an example, how to develop the core of a winning strategy for Per Martin-Lof’s demonstration of the Axiom of Choice, who based his proof in the judgemental equality between the function in the antecedent and the function occurring in the consequent of the axiom.","PeriodicalId":43820,"journal":{"name":"CRITICA-REVISTA HISPANOAMERICANA DE FILOSOFIA","volume":"119 1","pages":"49-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89043357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Against Phenomenal Externalism","authors":"E. Sacchi, A. Voltolini","doi":"10.22201/iifs.18704905e.2017.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.2017.195","url":null,"abstract":"espanolQueremos mostrar que ninguno de los argumentos conocidos a favor del externismo fenomenico (PE) es convincente. PE es la tesis de que las propiedades fenomenicas de nuestras experiencias se tienen que individuar en modo amplio en la medida en la que estan constituidas por propiedades del mundo. Examinamos los que nos parecen los cinco mejores argumentos a favor de PE. Intentamos mostrar que ninguno de ellos puede establecer el resultado deseado. Mientras no aparezcan argumentos mejores en el debate, no tenemos razon para renunciar a una idea que parece intuitiva y atractiva para muchos psicologos cognitivos: que la fenomenologia es estrecha, es decir, que las propiedades fenomenicas son propiedades intrinsecas de nuestras experiencias. Esta idea subyace a la posicion filosofica opuesta, el internismo fenomenico (PI). EnglishWe maintain that no extant argument in favor of phenomenal externalism (PE) is really convincing. PE is the thesis that the phenomenal properties of our experiences must be individuated widely insofar as they are constituted by worldly properties. We consider what we take to be the five best arguments for PE. We try to show that none of them really proves what it aims at proving. Unless better arguments in favor of phenomenal externalism show up in the debate, we see no reason to relinquish an idea that seems intuitive and appeals to many cognitive scientists: that phenomenology is narrow, i.e., that phenomenal properties are intrinsic properties of our experiences. This idea grounds the opposite philosophical position, phenomenal internalism (PI).","PeriodicalId":43820,"journal":{"name":"CRITICA-REVISTA HISPANOAMERICANA DE FILOSOFIA","volume":"95 1","pages":"25-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74404760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conceptual Reconstruction and Epistemic Import: Allosteric Mechanistic Explanations as a Unified Theory-Net","authors":"K. Alleva, J. Díez, Lucía Federico","doi":"10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2017.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2017.179","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this article is to show that formal analysis and reconstructions may be useful to discuss and shed light on substantive meta-theoretical issues. We proceed here by exemplification, analysing and reconstructing as a case study a paradigmatic biochemical theory, the Monod-Wyman-Changeux (MWC) theory of allosterism, and applying the reconstruction to the discussion of some issues raised by prominent representatives of the new mechanist philosophy. We conclude that our study shows that at least in this case mechanicism and (some version of) more traditional accounts are not rivals but complementary approaches.","PeriodicalId":43820,"journal":{"name":"CRITICA-REVISTA HISPANOAMERICANA DE FILOSOFIA","volume":"20 1","pages":"5-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75093662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Commanding and Defining. On Eugenio Bulygin’s Theory of Legal Power-Conferring Rules","authors":"Gonzalo Villa Rosas","doi":"10.22201/iifs.18704905e.2017.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.2017.182","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEste articulo tiene como objetivo explorar dos objeciones planteadas en contra del segundo enfoque defendido por Bulygin en relacion con la definicion de la naturaleza de las reglas juridicas que otorgan competencia juridica. Segun la primera, tal enfoque es vago en cuanto a lo que estas reglas juridicas definen. Esta vaguedad se debe a la falta de una definicion adecuada de la competencia juridica. Defendere la reduccion de la complejidad de definientia definiendo la competencia juridica como una especie de competencia en sentido general. Segun la segunda, este enfoque no reduccionista no puede explicar la normatividad de este tipo de reglas. Contra este enfoque, sostendre que las reglas juridicas que otorgan competencia desempenan tanto una funcion deontica como una funcion definitoria en cuanto reglas constitutivas de la practica juridica. EnglishThis paper aims to explore two objections raised against Bulygin’s second approach to the definition of the nature of legal power-conferring rules. According to the first objection, such an account is vague about what is defined by legal power-conferring rules qua constitutive rules. I maintain that this vagueness is rooted in the lack of a suitable definition of legal power. I shall be arguing for the reduction of the complexity of the definientia by defining legal power as a species of competence. According to the second objection, this non-reductive approach cannot explain the normativity of this kind of rules. Against this approach, it argues that legal powerconferring rules perform a deontic and a definitional function as constitutive rules of legal practice.","PeriodicalId":43820,"journal":{"name":"CRITICA-REVISTA HISPANOAMERICANA DE FILOSOFIA","volume":"34 1","pages":"75-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80696715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epistemología de virtudes robusta: sobre los límites y las posibilidades de su aplicación a la prueba de los hechos en el derecho","authors":"P. H. H. Bernat","doi":"10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2017.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22201/IIFS.18704905E.2017.188","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl objetivo del presente trabajo es definir los rasgos generales de un modelo de teoria del conocimiento viable para el ambito probatorio judicial. En concreto, se estudian los limites y las posibilidades de aplicacion al derecho de una de las propuestas mas relevantes en la epistemologia contemporanea: la epistemologia de virtudes robusta. Como mostrare aqui, dicho proyecto es inadecuado pues un epistemologia de la prueba juridica satisfactoria y completa exige la conjuncion tanto de la perspectiva del agente epistemico (el juez de los hechos) como de la perspectiva del sistema probatorio (las reglas o condiciones de indagacion). EnglishThe purpose of this paper is to define the general features of a suitable epistemology for law. In particular, the paper is concerned with a very influential project that is nowadays offered in the literature: robust virtue epistemology. As I will show here, such a project is untenable for law, since a satisfactory and complete epistemology of legal proof requires the conjunction of both the agent’s perspective (the “trier-of-facts”) and the inquiry system’s perspective (the rules of evidence).","PeriodicalId":43820,"journal":{"name":"CRITICA-REVISTA HISPANOAMERICANA DE FILOSOFIA","volume":"28 1","pages":"3-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81060901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}