New Bioethics-A Multidisciplinary Journal of Biotechnology and the Body最新文献

{"title":"Responsibility Arguments in Defence of Abortion: When One is Morally Responsible for the Creation of a Fetus.","authors":"Timothy Kirschenheiter","doi":"10.1080/20502877.2023.2261726","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20502877.2023.2261726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>I argue against responsibility arguments that offer a defence of abortion even on the assumption that the fetus is a person. I focus on argumentation originally offered by Judith Jarvis Thomson and then later defended by David Boonin. I offer thought experiments meant to show that, under certain conditions, one bears moral responsibility for creating a fetus. I then offer a positive argument for when one is morally responsible for the creation of a fetus. This argument relies on the presence of other forms of sex that reasonably approximate the goods of penile-vaginal intercourse. Given the presence of these options, sexual partners who engage in penile-vaginal intercourse bear moral responsibility for the creation of the fetus. While I do not think this argument settles the abortion debate - there still may be other ways to successfully defend abortion - it does explain why responsibility arguments like those offered by Thomson fail.</p>","PeriodicalId":43760,"journal":{"name":"New Bioethics-A Multidisciplinary Journal of Biotechnology and the Body","volume":" ","pages":"340-351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41172365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Care for the Environment as a Consideration in Bioethics Discourse and Education.","authors":"Pacifico Eric Eusebio Calderon, Mark Kiak Min Tan","doi":"10.1080/20502877.2023.2219021","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20502877.2023.2219021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article argues that environmental considerations fall within the scope of medical bioethics, and there are implications specific to medical education. It endorses the need to expand the scope and epistemology of contemporary medical bioethics discourse by including themes related to environmental considerations. Our discussion begins by providing a brief history of environmental bioethics. It then offers a critique of three specific health and environmental issues, namely technology, toxics, and consumption, and discusses how these issues are key to articulating moral considerations of human health and subsequently medicine and its teaching. Lastly, it explores criticisms of including environmental issues into the bioethical debate before providing suggestions of how environmental ethics can be included into the medical curriculum. This article concludes by suggesting theoretical possibilities for environmentally inclusive bioethics, such as reorienting bioethical discussions to its original environmental advocacy and supporting environmental bioethics as a competency in medical education.</p>","PeriodicalId":43760,"journal":{"name":"New Bioethics-A Multidisciplinary Journal of Biotechnology and the Body","volume":" ","pages":"352-362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9917410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The value of asking questions.","authors":"Matt James","doi":"10.1080/20502877.2023.2275094","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20502877.2023.2275094","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43760,"journal":{"name":"New Bioethics-A Multidisciplinary Journal of Biotechnology and the Body","volume":"29 4","pages":"301-303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138300294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to Treat the Climate and Nature Crisis as One Indivisible Global Health Emergency.","authors":"Kamran Abbasi,&nbsp;Parveen Ali,&nbsp;Virginia Barbour,&nbsp;Thomas Benfield,&nbsp;Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo,&nbsp;Gregory E Erhabor,&nbsp;Stephen Hancocks,&nbsp;Richard Horton,&nbsp;Laurie Laybourn-Langton,&nbsp;Robert Mash,&nbsp;Peush Sahni,&nbsp;Wadeia Mohammad Sharief,&nbsp;Paul Yonga,&nbsp;Chris Zielinski","doi":"10.1080/20502877.2023.2276508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20502877.2023.2276508","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43760,"journal":{"name":"New Bioethics-A Multidisciplinary Journal of Biotechnology and the Body","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50163189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-natal testing, excessive parenting and care ethics.","authors":"Jonathan Herring","doi":"10.1080/20502877.2022.2149044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20502877.2022.2149044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article explores the current parenting culture, particularly the promotion of competitive and excessive parenting, as an important background issue against which the debates around pre-natal testing take place. It offers an alternative vision of parenting, relying on care ethics, which sees parenting as a relationship, rather than a job. A relationship that should change a parent's understanding of what is valuable in life. Parenting should not be about moulding the 'perfect child' but being open to being profoundly changed. The parent-child with a disability relationship offers particular opportunities to find new meanings and values in life. This analysis is offered as another dimension to the debates over pre-natal testing. It is not intended as an argument against such testing, but rather raises concerns about some of the broader attitudes around it.</p>","PeriodicalId":43760,"journal":{"name":"New Bioethics-A Multidisciplinary Journal of Biotechnology and the Body","volume":"29 3","pages":"265-278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9942750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal testing, disability equality, and the limits of the law.","authors":"Heloise Robinson","doi":"10.1080/20502877.2022.2145672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20502877.2022.2145672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article will review reasons why it is argued that the law on abortion on the grounds of disability is discriminatory, as well as recent unsuccessful attempts to address this discrimination in the law. These attempts include ones which would have moderately restricted access to abortion in certain limited cases, and another that might have opened to door to a number of different possibilities, including both to options that could have restricted access to abortion, and to other options that might have increased access. Finally, this article will also examine reasons why some of the most important challenges surrounding disability equality cannot be sufficiently addressed through legal change alone. While there are strong reasons to support some form of change in the law, a more foundational change in values is necessary if we want to live in a more ethical society that is truly capable of welcoming disabled children.</p>","PeriodicalId":43760,"journal":{"name":"New Bioethics-A Multidisciplinary Journal of Biotechnology and the Body","volume":"29 3","pages":"202-215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9942745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between Rocks and Hard Places: Good Governance in Ethically Divided Communities.","authors":"Roger Brownsword","doi":"10.1080/20502877.2022.2149300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20502877.2022.2149300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article, prompted by Heidi Crowter's campaign to eliminate the discriminatory aspects of current abortion law, outlines the challenges to good governance in a context of bioethical plurality. First, the nature of the plurality is sketched. Secondly, some reflections are presented on how those who have governance responsibilities might ease the tensions engendered by the plurality; and, at the same time, how the discontented governed might reasonably press their views. Thirdly, a model of good governance (demanding integrity by those who govern and respect for the global commons) is introduced. The conclusion is that good faith governance merits our respect, but it does not guarantee particular outcomes or positions that will meet with the approval of all bioethical constituencies or individuals. Accordingly, we have to learn not only to live with rocks and hard places but also to find civilized ways of debating our differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":43760,"journal":{"name":"New Bioethics-A Multidisciplinary Journal of Biotechnology and the Body","volume":"29 3","pages":"247-264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10298798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Health England and Co-Production with the Fetal Anomaly Screening Programme.","authors":"Colette Lloyd,&nbsp;Elizabeth Corcoran,&nbsp;Lynn Murray","doi":"10.1080/20502877.2022.2147444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20502877.2022.2147444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the new Cell-free DNA (Cf-DNA) prenatal screening test for Down syndrome was being introduced into the UK's fetal anomaly screening program, Down syndrome charities had an opportunity to participate. An experience of co-production where we were the minority voice then followed. This paper explores that process and our experience as a charity. Institutional and societal structures meant that it was difficult to be heard and a significant amount of bias was noted within the program. Consequently, our viewpoints were often considered and then dismissed. However, at times we were listened to, and feel that there were some valuable changes made resulting from our involvement. The end product was far from reflective of all that we stand for, and there are still lessons to be learned in England about the need to place a higher value on minority voices of lived experience in a co-production exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":43760,"journal":{"name":"New Bioethics-A Multidisciplinary Journal of Biotechnology and the Body","volume":"29 3","pages":"216-225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9942767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal Testing, Disability, and the Ethical Society.","authors":"Heloise Robinson","doi":"10.1080/20502877.2023.2240173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20502877.2023.2240173","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue of The New Bioethics follows on from a conference that took place at St Stephen’s House, University of Oxford, in March 2022, on ‘Prenatal Testing, Disability, and the Ethical Society: Reflections Following Crowter’. The conference title refers to an important decision from the High Court, R (Crowter) v Secretary of State for Health and Social Care. In this case, the claimants challenged the law on abortion on the grounds of disability under the Abortion Act 1967, and their arguments raised a number of difficult ethical questions about prenatal testing, disability, and what kind of society we wish to have – and what is needed for it to be an ‘ethical society’. Heidi Crowter, the first claimant in this case, spoke at the conference, as did Máire Lea-Wilson, the second claimant and the mother of Aidan Lea-Wilson, a young boy who was the third claimant. Both Heidi Crowter and Aidan Lea-Wilson have Down syndrome, although the issues raised in the case, and in the conference, relate to disability more broadly. The conference was interdisciplinary, and featured presentations relating to the law, philosophy, theology, medical practice, and it also included testimony based on the lived experience of disabled people. Likewise, this special issue includes articles written from the perspective of different disciplines. While the wider ethical issues relating to prenatal testing for disability are not new, and have been subject to extensive analysis in the academic literature, there was an original framing of rights-based arguments in Crowter, and, even though the claim was dismissed, the claimants did succeed in the sense that they drew significant attention to important issues. This case raised the possibility for fresh insights and new avenues for discussion. Of course, it should go without saying that even if the claimants did not convince the court of their particular legal arguments, this does not mean that there are not significant and difficult ethical issues to address. It also does not mean that the law as it stands is morally justified. Perhaps one of the best ways to frame the case is through the words of Heidi Crowter herself, who expressed her motivations for challenging the law in the following manner, during the conference: ‘The reason why I wanted to go to court is","PeriodicalId":43760,"journal":{"name":"New Bioethics-A Multidisciplinary Journal of Biotechnology and the Body","volume":"29 3","pages":"195-201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9964921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'A Knife into My Heart': Cries, Compassion and Ethical Life.","authors":"Joshua Hordern","doi":"10.1080/20502877.2022.2124604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20502877.2022.2124604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The subtitle to the conference upon which this journal issue is based invited us to 'follow Crowter'. This paper does so primarily by following the person and only thereby attends to the legal judgment. In particular, it will attend to her comment that <i>When mum told me about the discrimination against babies like me in the womb, I felt like a knife had been put into my heart. It made me feel less valued than other people.</i> The argument is that (I) there are strong reasons for such an approach from the field of theological ethics and that this is valuable for pastoral theology and for bioethics. With this case made, the argument proceeds (II) by following and building on three elements of Heidi Crowter's words concerning (a) the knife (b) the heart and (c) the person. The argument concludes (III) with theological reflection and deliberation regarding institutions, practices and actions which will make for 'ethical society', principally focussed on ecclesial life.</p>","PeriodicalId":43760,"journal":{"name":"New Bioethics-A Multidisciplinary Journal of Biotechnology and the Body","volume":"29 3","pages":"279-295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9942734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}