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Ottoman Military Campaigns in the Peloponnese in the Second Quarter of the 15th Century: Military-Political Aspect 15世纪下半叶奥斯曼帝国在伯罗奔尼撒半岛的军事行动:军事政治方面
IF 0.3 3区 历史学
Rossiiskaya Istoriya Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024212-2
N. Zhigalova
{"title":"Ottoman Military Campaigns in the Peloponnese in the Second Quarter of the 15th Century: Military-Political Aspect","authors":"N. Zhigalova","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024212-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024212-2","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the author examines the causes, course and results of the Ottoman military campaigns in the Peloponnese in the second quarter of the 15th century. The author comes to the conclusion that the raids of the Ottoman commander Turahan Bey in 1423, 1431 and 1435 were rather local acts of aggression aimed at intimidating the Morean despots and were intended to prevent the expansion of Byzantine influence in Greece and in the north of the Peloponnese. At the same time, the Ottoman campaign against the Peloponnese in 1446 had the character of a punitive expedition. Sultan Murad II personally led the invasion of the Morea, which speaks of the desire of the Ottomans to eliminate the center of resistance in this region once and for all. The shameful vassalage, which the Despotate of Morea fell into after the sack of the Peloponnese by the Ottomans, actually put an end to the attempts of the despot Constantine Palaiologos to create a strong, independent and self-sufficient state in the place of the Morea.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86709788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Blessed Idlers” or “Indolent Loafers”: the Stereotype of Crimean Tatar Laziness in Russian and Foreign Mind in the Late of the 18th and 19th Centuries “有福的懒汉”或“懒惰的懒汉”:18世纪末和19世纪俄罗斯和外国对克里米亚鞑靼人懒惰的刻板印象
IF 0.3 3区 历史学
Rossiiskaya Istoriya Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024209-8
N. Khrapunov
{"title":"“Blessed Idlers” or “Indolent Loafers”: the Stereotype of Crimean Tatar Laziness in Russian and Foreign Mind in the Late of the 18th and 19th Centuries","authors":"N. Khrapunov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024209-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024209-8","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the origin and evolution of the stereotype of “laziness” of the Crimean Tatars, which appeared in Russian and foreign travel writings from the late-eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It has been shown that this stereotype was a product of Western “armchair” knowledge of the Enlightenment, which produced the ideas of “terrestrial paradise” in faraway countries where lived the “noble savages”. Applying it to what was seen in the Crimea, the writers and scientists ignored the specificities of Muslim ethics and political-economic developments in the region. The reflections on the Crimean residents were sometimes influenced by subjective circumstances, such as conflicts with Tatars concerning the possession of land properties. The stereotype of “Tatar sloth” quickly established itself in public mind. It had real political consequences, as it influenced the actions of the government and private persons. Perhaps this stereotype was among the reasons why the integration of the Crimea into the Russian empire took a very long time.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90856883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fires in Russian Everyday Life of the 18th Century 18世纪俄国人日常生活中的火灾
IF 0.3 3区 历史学
Rossiiskaya Istoriya Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18254/s207987840025173-9
A. Golubinsky
{"title":"Fires in Russian Everyday Life of the 18th Century","authors":"A. Golubinsky","doi":"10.18254/s207987840025173-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025173-9","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the characterization of a fire as an event, the information potential of historical sources associated with fires in Russian cities and villages of the 18th century, the causes of fires, fire-fighting household measures, compensatory measures in the city and in the countryside, by both the state and landowners, the specifics of fixing information in legislative acts, clerical sources and sources of personal origin. These documents make it possible to clarify the details of urban and rural everyday life, poorly expressed or poorly preserved in sources of a different nature.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79260751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Formation of Belarusian National Historiography in 1918—1928 1918-1928年白俄罗斯国家史学的形成
IF 0.3 3区 历史学
Rossiiskaya Istoriya Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024130-2
V. Belozorovich
{"title":"Formation of Belarusian National Historiography in 1918—1928","authors":"V. Belozorovich","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024130-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024130-2","url":null,"abstract":"The article reveals the development of the historiography of the history of Belarus as an independent scientific direction in 1918—1928. It notes the existence of two directions of national historiography: national-democratic and national-Marxist. The author analyzes the works which formed the conceptual vision of national history in Belarusian society. The article reveals the methodological approaches of the researchers to the knowledge of the past. The peculiarities of comprehension of the history of Belarus by representatives of professional and non-professional historiography are highlighted. Attention is paid to the problem of national-state narrative. The study is based on the historiographical sources which prove the presence of the formed Belarusian historiography in the scientific paradigm of the Belarusian SSR of the interwar period. It is concluded that the course of scientific cognition depends on the political situation in the republic. The process of eliminating the methodological pluralism in the historical science of Belarus is considered separately.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89381517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The French Court of the 16th Century: What Else Do We Not Know About It? 16世纪的法国宫廷:我们还不知道什么?
IF 0.3 3区 历史学
Rossiiskaya Istoriya Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024980-7
V. Shishkin
{"title":"The French Court of the 16th Century: What Else Do We Not Know About It?","authors":"V. Shishkin","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024980-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024980-7","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines several interrelated problematic questions, the first of which reflects the justification of scientific relevance for modern Russian historical science of studying the Western royal courts of the Middle Ages and early Modern times, in particular, French court. The author presents the royal court as an important part of French history, which influenced the historical development of European and partly Russian civilization. The interest to the history of French court of Russian historians is also associated with a significant number of rare French documents of the 16th century, concentrated in Russian repositories and requiring introduction into scientific circulation. These documents are largely associated with current Russian research on curial history, which have a long tradition and focus on the institutional history of the court. An overview of current trends in curial research in Western historiography is also presented, which focuses on the study of gender characteristics, personal court members, socio-political evolution of the court, compilation of databases on courtiers and employees, movements and residences of monarchs.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74821774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The War Against the Insurrectionary Movement in the Alpes-Maritimes and the Creation of a System of Social Control in the Time of Napoleon 拿破仑时期对滨海阿尔卑斯起义运动的镇压与社会控制制度的建立
IF 0.3 3区 历史学
Rossiiskaya Istoriya Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18254/s207987840023937-9
A. Mitrofanov
{"title":"The War Against the Insurrectionary Movement in the Alpes-Maritimes and the Creation of a System of Social Control in the Time of Napoleon","authors":"A. Mitrofanov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840023937-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023937-9","url":null,"abstract":"The insurrectionary movement in the former exclave of the Sardinian kingdom — the county of Nice, began in 1792, immediately after the conquest by the French army, as a reaction to military violence, requisitions and robberies of the local population. The author of the article shows how and by what means this popular anti-revolutionary movement was suppressed in the first years of Napoleon's Consulate. As during the Directory, the government initially relied on forceful methods of suppressing the insurgents and “brigandage”. The civil administration, appointed by Napoleon as early as March 1800, took a different stance. The course towards establishing social peace and political reconciliation required other methods. The authorities tried to force and interest the local elites and the population to dissociate themselves from the rebels and achieved quick success in this. Now a fine selection was carried out: the ringleaders were severely punished, but not ordinary members of the “bands”. Special courts, which worked simultaneously with military tribunals, also acted in the same direction. The national guard was revived, and in some cases re-created in rural communes. As a result, a system of social control was created and the rural oligarchies began to support the new regime, but the cost of this success was the local civil war of 1800—1801, which probably claimed several thousand lives. The remnants of the rebels, excluded from society, marginalized, turned into criminal robbers from the main road, but the threat of the revival of the insurgent movement bothered the authorities even later. The article is based on materials from the National Archives of France, a report to the government of A. Français from Nantes in 1801 and other materials. In the article the author analyzes the different approaches of French historians to the problem of “brigandage” in the Mediterranean region during the period of Napoleon's Consulate.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73913244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Folklore “Historical” Narrative Within the Context of Landscape Mythology (Russian-Belarusian Borderlands) 景观神话背景下的民俗“历史”叙事(俄白边境)
IF 0.3 3区 历史学
Rossiiskaya Istoriya Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024092-0
O. Belova
{"title":"Folklore “Historical” Narrative Within the Context of Landscape Mythology (Russian-Belarusian Borderlands)","authors":"O. Belova","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024092-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024092-0","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a narrative and structural analysis of texts from the collection of the State Archive of the Smolensk region reflecting folk beliefs about cult trees. These records can be regarded as “historical” narratives in which trees, being objects of folk veneration (ritual practices aimed at healing) and superstition (“treasure under a tree” legend), are at the same time associated with historical or quasi-historical events (adventures of local robbers, the 1812 Patriotic War). Stories about unusual trees demonstrate a close connection with the mythology of space, and the natural objects themselves are peculiar markers for the collective memory, conveying knowledge about the past with reliance on the local landscape.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79199289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Cassock Does Not a Monk Make. Or Does It? Fake and Real Monks from the Orthodox East in the Russian Empire (19th — Early 20th Сentury) 修士不穿袈裟。还是真的?俄罗斯帝国正统东方的假和尚和真和尚(19 - 20世纪初Сentury)
IF 0.3 3区 历史学
Rossiiskaya Istoriya Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18254/s207987840025202-1
Nikolaos A. Chrissidis
{"title":"The Cassock Does Not a Monk Make. Or Does It? Fake and Real Monks from the Orthodox East in the Russian Empire (19th — Early 20th Сentury)","authors":"Nikolaos A. Chrissidis","doi":"10.18254/s207987840025202-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025202-1","url":null,"abstract":"Monastic tonsure of citizens of the Russian Empire abroad became a particularly complex issue during the latter half of the nineteenth century, when Mt. Athos became a favorite destination of those interested in assuming the monastic habit outside the empire. The Russian authorities sought to control and regulate such tonsures by establishing procedures for checking their validity, and by ruling out automatic recognition of them in the empire. Individuals who were tonsured as monks abroad manipulated or tried to manipulate such regulations in order to facilitate travel back and forth from the Russian Empire for their own purposes. The result was that the real and apparent ambiguities that such rules allowed for were exploited by both state authorities and by real or fake monks themselves. The essay seeks to offer some perspectives on this phenomenon by focusing on four cases preserved in archival records.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79329958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the Typology of the Serpent-like Monsters Fighting Against the Hero in the Near Eastern Iconography of the 3rd — First Half 1st Millennia BC 论公元前三千年至公元前一千年上半叶近东图像中蛇状怪物对抗英雄的类型学
IF 0.3 3区 历史学
Rossiiskaya Istoriya Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18254/s207987840017716-6
V. Shelestin
{"title":"On the Typology of the Serpent-like Monsters Fighting Against the Hero in the Near Eastern Iconography of the 3rd — First Half 1st Millennia BC","authors":"V. Shelestin","doi":"10.18254/s207987840017716-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840017716-6","url":null,"abstract":"The paper gives the typology of the serpent-like monster images in the art of Western Asia of 3rd — first half 1st millennia BC. We’ve studied 14 such images, beginning with the Early Dynastic seals and ending with the Neo-Babylonian amulet, by comparison of 10 parameters, and established four main types of similar monsters: 7-headed, 2-headed with 2 paws, 1-headed with 2 paws and 1-headed legless one. 7- and 1-headed monsters are typical for Mesopotamian tradition, whereas 2-headed for (Eastern) Anatolian one. The Mesopotamian monsters could get two forelegs thanks to the interactions between these traditions that opens new horizons for studying the cultural interaction between Asia Minor and Mesopotamia.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79903470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
"The Houston Plan": an Unrealized Project of Interaction between American Intelligence Agencies in the Early 1970s “休斯顿计划”:20世纪70年代早期美国情报机构之间未实现的互动项目
IF 0.3 3区 历史学
Rossiiskaya Istoriya Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18254/s207987840024938-0
D. Surzhik
{"title":"\"The Houston Plan\": an Unrealized Project of Interaction between American Intelligence Agencies in the Early 1970s","authors":"D. Surzhik","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024938-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024938-0","url":null,"abstract":"An article based on recently declassified documents from the U. S. National Security Archive reveals the so-called “Houston Plan”. Prepared by the White House and U. S. intelligence officials, it envisioned a range of covert operations from surveillance of political radicals and criminal organizations (such as the Black Panthers) to breaking into the offices of social organizations suspected of disloyalty. The plan, named after Tom Charles Houston, a young White House liaison to the Interagency Intelligence Committee (IIC), played a role in the impeachment of President Richard Nixon by providing evidence of his abuses of the FBI and other executive branch agencies.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87189626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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