Rossiiskaya Istoriya最新文献

{"title":"Orenburg Neplyuev Cadet Corps and the Distribution of Russian Education in the Kazakh Steppe","authors":"E. Godovova","doi":"10.18254/s207987840015864-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840015864-9","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the role of the Orenburg Neplyuevsky military school (cadet corps) in the dissemination of the Russian education in the Kazakh Steppe. It was concluded that this educational institution was the first in the educational training of Kazakhs, contributed to the formation of the Kazakh elite — military, officials and intelligentsia. For 40 years, the Orenburg Neplyuev military school, and then the cadet corps, gave special education to Kazakh boys. From 1825 to 1866 37 Kazakhs graduated from this educational institution. Graduates of the Neplyuevsky cadet corps not only regularly performed their functions while in various positions, but also made up the first galaxy of Russian officials from the Steppe, regularly served the Russian Empire.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85987285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Problem of the Chinese Revolution in Soviet-British Relations 1925—1927 (a View from Moscow and London)","authors":"E. Sergeev","doi":"10.18254/s207987840022922-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840022922-3","url":null,"abstract":"The essay deals with a comparative analysis of Soviet and British diplomatic activities in China during the so-called second, nationalist revolution of 1925—1927. The author consistently examines the goals and objectives of Moscow and London in the Far East, focusing on the common features and differences of the views and opinions expressed by various factions among power elites in both countries. Much attention is also paid to highlighting the modification of Soviet and British regional policy while taking into consideration the existence of the Versailles-Washington world order.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75816420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underground Man in Legal Position: Dostoevsky and Existential Philosophy","authors":"A. Fatenkov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840021614-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840021614-4","url":null,"abstract":"The text implements a peculiar approach to the well-known topic “Dostoevsky and existential philosophy”. The author introduces a metaphor, based on which, it seems possible to conceptually and laconically reconstruct the philosophical position of the Russian thinker and, at the same time, to explicate a number of paradigm features of existential ontology and epistemology. The main thing is in the appearance of another (perhaps not superfluous) dimension of understanding the human place in the world. “An underground man in a legal position” is the announced basic metaphor. It makes it possible to clarify the meaning of the idea of unconcealedness and concretizes the link of uniqueness and inconsistency, on which, characterizing a person, existentialism focuses on. A philosophical interpretation of the underground from the “Notes” of the same name written by F. M. Dostoevsky and, with reference to the novel «Demons», an interpretation of the vulgarized underground are given. The “method” of Dostoevsky, as far as it is generally correct to speak of such, is identified as existential dialectics.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78770326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Comintern Concept of Fascism in Relation to the Socio-Political Situation in Latin America in the Interwar Period, 1920—1930s","authors":"A. Glazov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840021593-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840021593-1","url":null,"abstract":"The author tried to reconstruct the Comintern's view on fascism in Latin America during the period between the VI and VII congresses of the Comintern, when the anti-fascist struggle had not yet become a key activity of the international organization of the communist movement (until August 23, 1939). The author analyzed the speeches of the Cominternists, the top leadership members and high-ranking functionaries, at three forums of communist parties in the Latin America (the June 1929 conference in Buenos Aires, the October conferences of 1930 and 1934 in Moscow). During those conferences the official position of the “headquarters of the world revolution” on the problem of fascism in Latin America was broadcasted. The article shows that the leadership of the Communist International did not see fascist regimes among the existing Latin American governments in terms of their class essence, since the fascist dictatorship was considered in Moscow exclusively as the most rigid form of bourgeoisie government, a class that had yet to come to real power and begin to play a leading role in the economic and political life of Latin American countries. The term “fascisization” in relation to the socio-political situation in the Latin American region was mainly used by the Comintern to characterize the process of borrowing by local repressive and / or authoritarian regimes of fascist methods to dominate and suppress mass movements against semi-feudal remnants and imperialist expansion.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80066401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humanitarian Aspect of Spanish Foreign Policy in Latin America: Lessons for Russia","authors":"Y. Belous","doi":"10.18254/s207987840023417-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023417-7","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the peculiarities of humanitarian policy of Spain in Latin America. The article considers the main instruments of humanitarian policy of Spain in Latin America, demonstrates their advantages, the amount of financing and the factors of their effectiveness. The purpose of this article is to identify the features of the humanitarian aspect of Spanish foreign policy on the example of Latin America and to draw conclusions about the Spanish experience for the Russian model of humanitarian policy. The authors conclude that the advantages of the Spanish model of humanitarian policy in Latin America are the effective cooperation of the public and non-governmental sectors for the benefit of humanitarian policy, mobilization of private sector funding for development assistance to Latin American countries, enhanced digitization of humanitarian policy institutions.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80082268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Czechoslovak Military Units Formed in the USSR During the Second World War: Stages of Formation, Completion, and the Combat Path","authors":"F. Sinitsyn","doi":"10.18254/s207987840022923-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840022923-4","url":null,"abstract":"The article is based on documents of the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History and the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. It focuses on the stages of the formation, completion and combat use of the Czechoslovak military units created in the USSR during the Second World War. The special attention is paid to the identification of the trends and problems of the history of these formations. These topics were not developed in historiography. The history of the Czechoslovak military units passed several stages due to the creation and reorganization of these units. The Emigrant Government of Czechoslovak to eliminate these formations. The trends of the historical path of the Czechoslovak military units were, firstly, in the subordination of the formation of new, higher units due to the emergence of new mobilization contingents. The path of the Czechoslovak military units accompanied the diverse problems associated with their completion and supply. The overwhelming part of the problems was resolved only by the end of the war. The value of the Czechoslovak military units cannot be expressed in numbers, because their participation in the war was huge from the perspective of political importance for both Czechoslovakia and the USSR. In general, the formation and combat activities of the Czechoslovak military units should be recognized as a unique and very successful experience.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79379989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USSR and the UN Military Operation in the Congo 1960—1964","authors":"Sergey V. Mazov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840020688-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840020688-5","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on UN documents, materials from Russian and British archives, the author examined the evolution of the Soviet line towards the UN military operation in the Congo in 1960—1964, exposed the intentions of the Soviet leadership to employ the UN military contingent in achieving its goals in the Congo, showed how the actions of the Western powers, their Congolese allies and the UN leadership frustrated the Soviet plans. The Soviet posture regarding the UN operation in the Congo varied depending on the escalation of the Congo crisis and its main actors’ behavior. At the initial stage (July — early August 1960), Khrushchev considered the conception of Africanization of resolving the crisis, submitted by Ghanaian President Kwame Nkrumah, suitable for turning UN forces into an instrument to protect the Lumumba government and increase Soviet influence in the Congo. The Soviet representative to the UN Security Council suggested that the Congolese operation be conducted by African states, and the USSR bypassed the UN by providing its civilian planes to transport the Ghanaian contingent of UN troops from Accra to Leopoldville. Since the Blue Helmets were used in the Congo, in the opinion of the Soviet government, “inappropriately”, i.e., not against Belgian forces and the Katanga separatists, it demanded that the UN command be replaced on August 6, 1960. Lumumba tried to regain control of Katanga by his own forces, but was ousted in two coups d’état in September 1960, directly supported by UN troops. Nikita Khrushchev did not intervene militarily in the Congo and privately called Nkrumah to allocate a Ghanaian contingent of UN troops at the disposal of Lumumba’s government. This was impossible without Soviet military support, but Khrushchev did not promise it. After Lumumba’s assassination, which became known on February 13, 1961, the USSR demanded the termination of the UN operation in the Congo within a month and the removal of the UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld as an “accomplice” to the Lumumba massacre. The overwhelming majority of UN members favored keeping UN troops in the Congo and Hammarskjöld as Secretary General. After the withdrawal of contingents of leftist African countries from the Congo in the winter and spring of 1961, the Soviet Union lost any ability to influence the UN operation in the Congo. It supported the military operations launched by the Blue Helmets against the Katanga separatists (December 1961 — January 1963) as being aimed at “the liquidation of the hotbed of interference of the colonial powers and their agents in Katanga”. After restoring territorial integrity of the Congo, the Soviet Union renewed its campaign for the withdrawal of UN troops and refused to participate in financing their upkeep. The Blue Helmets remained in the Congo until June 1964. The USSR failed to prevent the U.S. from turning the UN troops into a tool to combat “communist infiltration” in the Congo, and this contributed substantially to the W","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84439853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medieval Studies in the Ocean of Translation. On the Literal and the Correct","authors":"M. Yusim","doi":"10.18254/s207987840023111-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023111-1","url":null,"abstract":"Do historians think? Do translators think? Do they have to think? It seems to be a rhetorical question: of course, people of intellectual labor think (reflect) because it is their professional duty. But the word “think”, like many other words, has different shades of meaning. However, it always implies reflection, doubt, and comparing different options. Nevertheless, it is one thing to think within the established professional schemes and tasks: for a historian it is how better to reproduce the events of the past and their meaning, for a translator it is how better and more accurately to transmit the original text. The creative element in both cases is secondary and limited. It is another thing to question the very schemes and stereotypes that have been worked out, to try to make sense of them anew. Reflection on beginnings is useful for any intellectual activity and constitutes, if not the main, then a very important part of it, so here I list in theses form a number of problems of historical research, primarily in medieval studies, related to one or another type of translation, since the work of the historian and the translator are closely connected.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85854743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The History of the Creation of a Memorial Sign to Georg Wilhelm Steller in Tyumen: from Idea to Implementation in an Urban Environment","authors":"Dmitrii A. Gogolev","doi":"10.18254/s207987840021180-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840021180-7","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the perpetuation of the name of G. W. Steller in the form of the installation of an object of monumental art in Tyumen. The authors outline the structure of his memorialization: the emergence of the idea of creating a memorial sign; making a proposal for its installation; choosing the form and location; search for funding sources; the inauguration of an object of monumental art. The types and locations of the commemorative sign proposed by the participants in the discussion of the idea of preserving Steller’s memory are analyzed. The possible periods of perpetuating his name are indicated. The factors that “slow down” or “accelerate” the process of memorialization are listed.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85871580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roads of the Russian-Belarusian Borderland in the 15th — 17th Centuries: the Experience of European Travelers","authors":"Maksim Kolpakov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840019774-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840019774-0","url":null,"abstract":"The trans-regional road network served as a territorial framework, determined the level of mobility of people and influenced the development of territories. In the course of our study, nine roads of Russian-Belarussian borderland of the 15th — 17th centuries were reconstructed. The state of road structural elements was analyzed, presence and quality of the existing artificial road structures and infrastructural elements were determined, the actual length of the road sections between the settlements was established. Conclusions about travel speed and comfort along the borderlands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Russian state were made. Twenty diary entries, messages and reports of foreign travelers were selected as the source for communication quality study. The main criteria for the data selection were the route fixation by the author and personal traveler experience description. For every informant, the Russian-Belarussian borderland was a transit region on a long journey from the starting point to that of destination.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85889976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}