Rossiiskaya Istoriya最新文献

{"title":"What Kind of Christian is Honnête Homme? Notes on the Dutch and Russian Abbé de Bellegarde","authors":"M. Neklyudova","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024999-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024999-7","url":null,"abstract":"The article poses the question who wrote the treatise “Le chrétien honnête home”, which was published in Holland in 1736 as the last work of the Abbé de Bellegarde; in 1743, it was translated into Russian by Sergey Volchkov. The problem of authorship in this case turns out to be directly related to the confessional identity of the text, which should be definitely Catholic, but which was previously characterized by one researcher as Protestant. Given the fact that Russian translation transferred the content of the treatise into an Orthodox context, the choice between Catholic and Protestant bias acquires additional interest. The article suggests that “Le chrétien honnête homme” was written in Holland and reflected a moderate Jansenist point of view, which, precisely because of its moderation, was acceptable to the Russian translator.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87864162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnocratic State in Estonia as a Threat to Russian National Interests in the Baltic Region","authors":"V. Frolov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840008229-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840008229-0","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the features of building an ethnocratic state in the Republic of Estonia in the post-Soviet period, which sees in Russia, Russians, and the «Russian World» a threat to its integrity and sovereignty. For almost 30 years, the nationalist-minded authorities of Estonia have been implementing in their Republic a policy aimed at infringing on the rights and freedoms of the Russian-speaking population. In this “democratic” Baltic State, Russians are faced with such acute and egregious problems as mass statelessness, anti-Russian language policy, the absence of the main part of political rights among “non-citizens”, and falsification of national history. The author of the work focuses on the fact that in many respects the anti-Russian and anti-Russian policies in the Republic of Estonia are pursued by local authorities in order to please their new “elder brother” and ally — the United States, from which this Baltic Republic has long been in economic and political dependence. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that the presence of a neighboring state, in which a deliberate anti-Russian and anti-Russian policy has been pursued for a long period of time, cannot but cause Russia anxiety and concern and not contradict its national interests.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90239814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postcolonial Narratives: Literature of Migritude","authors":"T. Gavristova","doi":"10.18254/s207987840020227-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840020227-8","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to the history of migritude, a phenomenon that arose among the African intellectual emigration at the beginning of the 21st century. Its origin is associated with the name of the Kenyan writer of Indian origin Shailja Patel, the author of poetical show (2006) and the poem under the title “Migritude” (2010). As a result, a literary movement of the same name was formed, the bias of which is connected, on the one hand, with the renewal of the format of post-colonial narratives and their themes, and, on the other hand, with the tectonic changes that have taken place on the world stage in the context of globalization. The author of the article focuses on the ego-story of Shailja Patel and its transformation, primarily due to content, into the history of an entire generation living in the era, which coincided in time with the situations of postcoloniality and postmodernity. Addressing the issues of colonialism and post-colonialism, racism, segregation and migration is not new. Eventually women joined the discussion and set themselves the task of answering the question posed by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak in her essay “Can Subaltern Speak?” They radically changed the range of topics proposed for discussion by addressing the ideas of gender equality and the fight against stereotypes, focusing on the problems of social and professional identity without regard to ethnicity and race. The article identifies a number of the most famous authors of migritude (Fatou Diome, Christina Ali Farah, Igiaba Scego, researchers of their works Augusta Irele and Ashna Ali, etc.) and the topics they refer to. Particular emphasis is placed on their interpretation of the problem of identity in the context of the strategy of interculturalism in conjunction with the processes of globalization, liberalization, democratization and digitalization. The author comes to the conclusion that in recent years the discursive field of migritude has been forming with its own borders (within the Diaspora) and practices (primarily adaptative), terminology, intellectual and social communities, activists and sympathizers. In conditions when migration has become a marker of the modern world order migritude has become a norm for them as an opportunity to realize a number of their most important intentions, including self-realization, obtaining a profession, and achieving success.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90473728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semiotic Diagnostics of the Trajectory Splitting between a Dream of the Past and Dream of the Future","authors":"Irina Melik-Gajkazyan","doi":"10.18254/s207987840021199-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840021199-7","url":null,"abstract":"All areas of humanitarian and social knowledge include the study of the interactions between the individual, society and culture. Such an interaction is considered in the article through the prism of the phenomenon of a dream. In society, among the forces are acting there, a collective dream has a special power. In culture, the collective dream creates two forms: myth (dream of the past) and utopia (dream of the future). The measure of adherence to the forms of the collective dream and/or the degree of independent interpretation of the symbolism of myth and utopia becomes a characteristic of the individual. The proposed perspective is justified by the fact that the trajectories of the collective dream symbolism translation are visualised by the sociocultural dynamics model. The model combines ideas of the semiotic mechanism of culture (Ju. Lotman, B. Uspensky) and the basic stages of information processes. The distribution of information characteristics across the stages of sociocultural dynamics, firstly, reveals the trajectories of a dream transformation. Secondly, it opens up methodological possibilities of verifying the study results for the role and place of the “dreaming subject” obscured by the “big processes” of the history of culture.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91155204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soviet-Czechoslovak Technological Transfer: from the First Post-War Years to the Prague Spring (on the Base of the Foreign Trips Reports of Soviet Engineers)","authors":"M. Kovalev","doi":"10.18254/s207987840021117-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840021117-7","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a large range of unique sources from the collections of the St. Petersburg Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation is analyzed and studied for the first time. These are the reports of Soviet specialists in the field of technical knowledge on the business trips to Czechoslovakia in the period from the mid-1940s until the end of the 1960s. Their authors were employees of the Leningrad sectoral research institutes. They were technical chemists, shipbuilders, hydraulic engineers, mining engineers, machine builders, etc. The presented materials made it possible to take a fresh look at the issues of the Soviet-Czechoslovak technological transfer, both within the framework of bilateral relations and within the framework of CMEA. A distinctive feature of all the reports was their de-ideologization. These documents did not contain references to the classics of Marxism-Leninism and assurances of the superiority of socialist science over bourgeois, but they reflected a deep sincere interest in foreign technologies and engineering solutions. Noteworthy is the very respectful attitude of Soviet specialists towards their Czech and Slovak colleagues, and at the same time – deep attention to Czechoslovak technical developments. This fact clearly distinguishes the reports of engineers from the reports of their colleagues in the humanities, especially from the institutes of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The latter often wrote such documents from the arrogant position of the “elder brother”, who has a monopoly on the Marxist truth. The Soviet authors of the reports did not separate Soviet technical science from the global context and tried in every possible way to convey the idea of the importance of exchanging experience and scientific and technical information with foreign partners. They looked with some envy at their Czechoslovak colleagues, who, albeit limitedly, had access to Western scientific and technical literature. If we talk about the transfer of knowledge and technology from the standpoint of mutual benefit, then we need to draw a conclusion about its success. Cooperation with the USSR allowed Czechoslovakia to develop a number of new technical areas, such as nuclear power, at the same time, the Soviet side got the opportunity to access promising Czechoslovak technologies in the field of mechanical engineering or polymer chemistry. However, the system of intellectual exchanges, despite the obvious mutual interest of the specialists of the two countries in it, was still fettered by ideological frameworks and party control, and the introduction of certain technical innovations often faced the sluggishness of the planned economy.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87641198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Athos Monastery of Saint Simon the Cananaean is the Spiritual Center in the South of the Russian Empire: the Circumstances of the Emergence and the Process of the Formation of the Monastery","authors":"L. Melnikova","doi":"10.18254/s207987840020007-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840020007-6","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the circumstances of the foundation and the process of formation in the Caucasus of the New Athos Monastery of St. Simon the Cananaean — a branch of the Athos Russian St. Panteleimon Monastery. It is shown that the appearance of the Caucasian monastery was one of the results of the “Greek-Russian Panteleimon process” — a major conflict that arose in the first half of the 1870s. on Mount Athos due to the aggravation of contradictions between different ethnic communities in St. Panteleimon Monastery, the general rise in the Greek environment of anti-Slavic and anti-Russian sentiments caused by Russia's position in the Greek-Bulgarian church issue, as well as due to the actions of British diplomacy, which sought to weaken Russian influence in the Balkans and the Middle East. The role of the Russian ambassador to Constantinople N. P. Ignatiev in the settlement of the conflict and in the appearance of the New Athos Monastery in the Caucasus is considered. The origin and development of the Caucasian monastery, its situation during the Russian-Turkish War of 1877—1878, the spiritual life and missionary activity of the New Athonite monks are studied. It is emphasized that the New Athos Monastery, having emerged as a supposed “refuge” for Russian Athonians in the event of new troubles in the East, soon turned into a pearl of the Black Sea coast, a major spiritual and missionary center in the south of the Russian Empire.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88502253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prisoners of War and Local Population in Karelia during the World War I","authors":"A. Krivonozhenko","doi":"10.18254/s207987840015970-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840015970-6","url":null,"abstract":"The main reason for the appearance of prisoners of war in Karelia during the World War I is associated with the implementation of large construction projects. The total number of prisoners of war was established based on archival sources. It was prepared special statistical samples. On the basis of them it was established the ethnic picture of the contingent of prisoners, as well as their nationality. It was found that the prisoners of war temporarily affected the current demographic situation in the region because in a separate territory of Karelia their number exceeded the number of the local male population. The problem of interaction with the local population is considered from several positions. The prisoners lived in peasant houses and had the opportunity to buy food from peasant shops. There were cases of prisoners marrying local women. The prisoners living in Petrozavodsk became part of the city's everyday life by the end of the war. Their civilian qualifications were in high demand among local residents.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90506229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Man Endowed with a “Living Vision of Reality” (the Fate of V. B. Elyashevich)","authors":"Z. Bocharova","doi":"10.18254/s207987840022296-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840022296-4","url":null,"abstract":"Based on archival and published materials, the article reconstructs the biography of V. B. Elyashevich as a scientist, teacher, public figure, philanthropist, and clarifies information about his place of birth. His main pedagogical activity was connected with the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, which he combined, among other things, with teaching at St. Petersburg University (1911—1913) after defending his master's thesis and working in state bodies (1915—1917). During the Civil War, he emigrated. The sphere of scientific interests of the scientist concerned the problems of Roman law, legal entity, civil and land relations, issues of formation and development of law and the economy of Soviet Russia. Special attention is paid to the contribution of V. B. Elyashevich to the formation of Foreign Russia, the popularization of science, his public and charitable activities.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90718878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Comintern Concept of Fascism in Relation to the Socio-Political Situation in Latin America in the Interwar Period, 1920—1930s","authors":"A. Glazov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840021593-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840021593-1","url":null,"abstract":"The author tried to reconstruct the Comintern's view on fascism in Latin America during the period between the VI and VII congresses of the Comintern, when the anti-fascist struggle had not yet become a key activity of the international organization of the communist movement (until August 23, 1939). The author analyzed the speeches of the Cominternists, the top leadership members and high-ranking functionaries, at three forums of communist parties in the Latin America (the June 1929 conference in Buenos Aires, the October conferences of 1930 and 1934 in Moscow). During those conferences the official position of the “headquarters of the world revolution” on the problem of fascism in Latin America was broadcasted. The article shows that the leadership of the Communist International did not see fascist regimes among the existing Latin American governments in terms of their class essence, since the fascist dictatorship was considered in Moscow exclusively as the most rigid form of bourgeoisie government, a class that had yet to come to real power and begin to play a leading role in the economic and political life of Latin American countries. The term “fascisization” in relation to the socio-political situation in the Latin American region was mainly used by the Comintern to characterize the process of borrowing by local repressive and / or authoritarian regimes of fascist methods to dominate and suppress mass movements against semi-feudal remnants and imperialist expansion.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80066401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humanitarian Aspect of Spanish Foreign Policy in Latin America: Lessons for Russia","authors":"Y. Belous","doi":"10.18254/s207987840023417-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023417-7","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the peculiarities of humanitarian policy of Spain in Latin America. The article considers the main instruments of humanitarian policy of Spain in Latin America, demonstrates their advantages, the amount of financing and the factors of their effectiveness. The purpose of this article is to identify the features of the humanitarian aspect of Spanish foreign policy on the example of Latin America and to draw conclusions about the Spanish experience for the Russian model of humanitarian policy. The authors conclude that the advantages of the Spanish model of humanitarian policy in Latin America are the effective cooperation of the public and non-governmental sectors for the benefit of humanitarian policy, mobilization of private sector funding for development assistance to Latin American countries, enhanced digitization of humanitarian policy institutions.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":"278 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80082268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}