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Scuba diving in polluted coastal waters 在被污染的沿海水域潜水
OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160182
C. Jones, A. Goodman, T. Cox, S. Friedman, S. Schultz
{"title":"Scuba diving in polluted coastal waters","authors":"C. Jones, A. Goodman, T. Cox, S. Friedman, S. Schultz","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160182","url":null,"abstract":"During the summer of 1982, 17 of 40 New York City Fire Department scuba divers developed gastrointestinal symptoms following training dives in polluted coastal waters. Purged stool exams revealed 8 cases of pathogenic enteric protozoa infection. Parastic infection was significantly associated with symptomatic illness (p .005) and longer duration of symptoms (p .005). Pathogenic parasites were also associated with an increased number of dives. High volume water sampling at the main training site revealed the presence of G. lamblia and E. histolytica - like cysts, as well as numerous other human, canine, and rodent parasites. This is the first report of enteric parasitic infection associated with scuba diving in sewage-contaminated coastal waters. Divers who must enter polluted waters should wear protective equipment to minimize oral contact with water. Physicians caring for these divers should be aware of the potential pathogens found in polluted waters.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126289660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Nondestructive Monitoring of Biofouling and Corrosion of OTEC Heat Exchangers OTEC热交换器生物结垢和腐蚀的无损监测
OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160129
P. Sullivan, B. Liebert
{"title":"Nondestructive Monitoring of Biofouling and Corrosion of OTEC Heat Exchangers","authors":"P. Sullivan, B. Liebert","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160129","url":null,"abstract":"Nondestructive monitoring of biofouling and corrosion has been performed using a recently developed technique called Electrode Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). EIS is based on the hypothesis that biofouling and corrosion films can be characterized by observing the steady state response to a small amplitude sinusoidal perturbing potential imposed on the heat exchanger material. Three potential OTEC (open and closed cycle) candidate heat exchanger materials were investigated -- copper-nickel, titanium and aluminum alloys. Results indicate that instantaneous corrosion rates can be determined at low frequencies, changes resulting from biofouling occur at high frequencies, the occurrence of localized corrosion and multiple fouling films can be identified, and the effect of cleaning the surface of the material can be readily determined.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129527455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mr. Reagan and the oceans 里根和海洋
OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160287
L. King
{"title":"Mr. Reagan and the oceans","authors":"L. King","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160287","url":null,"abstract":"The Reagan administration has been unusually successful in shaping the direction of public policy through a dual strategy of shifts and reductions in the federal budget and the staffing of government with those loyal to Mr. Reagan and his conservative ideas. The consequences for the oceans have been a massive shift of support away from civilian to military ocean activities. In addition to this major reorientation of ocean policy, the Reagan approach has been characterized by continuing conflict between different branches and levels of government, a strong preference for symbols over substantive ocean decisions, and the absence of any long-term vision of the role the oceans might play in the nation's future.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"286 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131422948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Hydromechanic-electric power converter 液压-电力转换器
OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160124
E. Haeusler, L. Stein
{"title":"Hydromechanic-electric power converter","authors":"E. Haeusler, L. Stein","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160124","url":null,"abstract":"A system for the direct conversion of sea wave to electric power by means of piezoelectric film is described. Optimisation of film properties and converter geometry leads to a system, which generates 100 W electric power with 1 kg film. This system can be used as power supply for buoys. Difficulties caused by the difference between high and low water can be overcome by arranging piezoelectric film ropes or lamella as spring of a seismic system in the interior of the buoys. The theoretical assumptions are confirmed by model experiments. The main advantage of this simple power supply is that it needs no primary energy and no maintenance.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130436235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A proposal for an ocanographic vessel based upon experience and observation 根据经验和观察提出的建造海洋测量船的建议
OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160163
C. Berman
{"title":"A proposal for an ocanographic vessel based upon experience and observation","authors":"C. Berman","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160163","url":null,"abstract":"The design of the pioneering oceanographic research vessels dictated that command and control be located at or near the stern. This arrangement was logical since, with no communications other than voice, the Captain and the Naturalist needed to be in close proximity as the work progressed. As sailing vessels evolved into power, the command center was placed nearer the bow in most new designs. Most sampling devices remained on the stern, near the screws, and out of sight of the bridge (except for pictures provided by closed circuit TV cameras). This paper will attempt to demonstrate that the ideal location for scientific workspaces on deck is forward of the bridge and that the \"van\" concept can make one vessel into a true multidisciplinary platform.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"04 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130787653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Use of inclinometer current meters in weak currents 在弱电流中使用倾斜计电流计
OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160197
T. Hendricks
{"title":"Use of inclinometer current meters in weak currents","authors":"T. Hendricks","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160197","url":null,"abstract":"An inclinometer-type current meter has been developed for use in environments with very low to moderate current speeds. A novel swivel system is used to suppress oscillations in the response and allow independent adjustment Of tilt and direction sensitivity. Previous analytical models used to adapt fresh water calibration curves to the marine environment were found to be inadequate for low speeds. An improved model was developed. Intercalibration with a vector-measuring current meter gave good agreement. The meters have been used in low speed environments off the coast of southern California from 1978 to the present.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116759033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
New directions in marine management, education and training, an overview 海洋管理、教育与培训新方向综述
OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160233
J. Morton
{"title":"New directions in marine management, education and training, an overview","authors":"J. Morton","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160233","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years vessels have gotten larger and more dependent on high technology for safety and operations. This paper examines changes in some of the traditional classroom and apprenticeship methods of preparing officers for command. Among these are - a trend toward greater reliance upon academic training to supplant sea time, - changes in international regulations regarding seatime and equivalent classroom work, - the development, use and economics of simulators and scale models of VLCCs, - courses in shiphandling for experienced mariners using electronically derived information and simple formulae from wave theory, and -innovations in maritime authority and management structures.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131381005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Digital acoustic communication in multipath underwater channels 水下多径信道数字水声通信
OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160214
A. Zielinski, M. Caldera
{"title":"Digital acoustic communication in multipath underwater channels","authors":"A. Zielinski, M. Caldera","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160214","url":null,"abstract":"A novel transmission scheme based on the Sliding Discrete Fourier Transform (SDFT) is proposed for communicating in multipath acoustic channel and its performance is evaluated by computer simulations. The system described uses constant envelope multifrequency signals and can tolerate large Doppler frequency shifts and strong multipath conditions. Beam diversity is suggested as an additional protection against signal fading caused by acoustic shadow zones. With the availability of VLSI circuits to implement the SDFT algorithm (such as the Recticon Quad Chirped Transversal Filter), the system is particularly attractive in situations where power and space conservation are of prime importance, as in remotely controlled submersibles.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134325966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
The Ocean Drilling Program IV: Deep water coring technology-Past, present, and future 海洋钻探计划四:深水取心技术——过去、现在和未来
OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160102
David, P., Huey, Michael A. Storms
{"title":"The Ocean Drilling Program IV: Deep water coring technology-Past, present, and future","authors":"David, P., Huey, Michael A. Storms","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160102","url":null,"abstract":"Using the technology developed during 15 years of the highly successful Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP), the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) is continuing to pursue both the scientific objectives of recovering core samples from beneath the world's oceans and the technical objectives of advancing the state-of-the-art of deep water coring. The wide variety of wireline coring tools developed during DSDP (1968-1983) which are still in use include a standard Rotary Core Barrel (RCB), a through-the-bit Extended Core Barrel (XCB) and a Pressure Core Barrel (PCB) for recovering cores at in situ pressures up to 5000 psi. All of these are variations of rotary coring done in conjunction with TCI roller cone core bits. Non-rotary coring tools and downhole instruments have included three generations of hydraulic piston corers for use in recovering undisturbed cores in unconsolidated sediments. The most recent version, the Advanced Piston Corer (APC), is about half as mechanically complex as its predecessors, yet delivers 76% greater coring thrust. Magnetic azimuth orientation for each piston core is available utilizing an Eastman multishot tool. A miniaturized electronic temperature measuring instrument can be used with the APC or a combined Heat Flow/Pore Water Sampler tool can be deployed in soft formations. Current ODP tool developments include a wireline retrievable hard rock coring tool, driven by a 3-3/4 inch diameter mud-motor. A sea floor structure to stabilize a hollow rotor 9-1/2 inch PDM mudmotor is being developed to start holes on hard rock with little or no sediment cover. Possibilities for future tool developments include: hydraulic sidewall samplers for hard rock or soft formations; in situ gas sampling in soft sediments; wireline retrievable downhole geotechnical instruments; a vibracorer to recover loose sands; and \"smart\" core barrels with the ability to interpret and adjust for changes in coring parameters.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133110745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Ice navigation studies in the Alaskan Arctic using POLAR Class icebreakers 使用POLAR级破冰船在阿拉斯加北极进行冰导航研究
OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160229
L. Brigham, R. Voelker
{"title":"Ice navigation studies in the Alaskan Arctic using POLAR Class icebreakers","authors":"L. Brigham, R. Voelker","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1985.1160229","url":null,"abstract":"The operational capability of the U.S. Coast Guard's POLAR Class icebreakers is reviewed for Alaskan ice covered waters. Operational capability is defined in terms of three distinct geographic areas: the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas. POLAR Class icebreakers have successfully operated in each of these areas since 1979. As a result of the deployments, it is possible to draw conclusions on the relative environmental severity for each region and the impact of such ice conditions on POLAR Class operations. Pictorial representations illustrate the zones of environmental severity for each of the Alaskan seas. The paper suggests that POLAR Class icebreakers can operate year-round in the Bering Sea. Operations in the Chukchi Sea during winter are possible while winter transits into the Beaufort Sea are probably not feasible without refueling enroute. Ice navigation and ice piloting skills are deemed vitally important to the success of any Alaskan Arctic marine transportation system.","PeriodicalId":437366,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133218988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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