Ice navigation studies in the Alaskan Arctic using POLAR Class icebreakers

Abstract

The operational capability of the U.S. Coast Guard's POLAR Class icebreakers is reviewed for Alaskan ice covered waters. Operational capability is defined in terms of three distinct geographic areas: the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas. POLAR Class icebreakers have successfully operated in each of these areas since 1979. As a result of the deployments, it is possible to draw conclusions on the relative environmental severity for each region and the impact of such ice conditions on POLAR Class operations. Pictorial representations illustrate the zones of environmental severity for each of the Alaskan seas. The paper suggests that POLAR Class icebreakers can operate year-round in the Bering Sea. Operations in the Chukchi Sea during winter are possible while winter transits into the Beaufort Sea are probably not feasible without refueling enroute. Ice navigation and ice piloting skills are deemed vitally important to the success of any Alaskan Arctic marine transportation system.