Systems of LifePub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.1515/9780823281749-012
{"title":"Acknowledgments","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9780823281749-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780823281749-012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":436819,"journal":{"name":"Systems of Life","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128194421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems of LifePub Date : 2018-11-06DOI: 10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281725.003.0003
J. E. Ford
{"title":"An African Diasporic Critique of Violence","authors":"J. E. Ford","doi":"10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281725.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281725.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter makes a critique of violence a central heading for understanding black thought, aesthetics, and politics. This is important not only because of how the Black Radical Tradition has theorized violent oppression and insurrection, but also because of how these theorists surpass their European counterparts. In this context, Phillis Wheatley’s poem “Niobe In Distress of Her Children” receives close attention for how it anticipates and surpasses Walter Benjamin’s and Immanuel Kant’s explorations of imperial force. Wheatley rethinks Niobe as a figure who rejects the violence and guilt of imperial expansion, in contrast to the European tradition’s rendering of this figure, from Ovid up to Benjamin. This reinterpretation drastically alters Wheatley scholarship, debates on violence in political theory, and discussions of the origins of Black American letters.","PeriodicalId":436819,"journal":{"name":"Systems of Life","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114570666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems of LifePub Date : 2018-11-06DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv7cjv4k.7
Catherine Packham
{"title":"System and Subject in Adam Smith’s Political Economy: Nature, Vitalism, and Bioeconomic Life","authors":"Catherine Packham","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv7cjv4k.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv7cjv4k.7","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the role of “systems” in Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations, reading this foundational text of political economy as elaborating a system that linked national prosperity to the lives, bodies, and even health, of its subjects. Specifically, it explores the role of vitalism in eighteenth-century human sciences and addresses how a vitalist conception of life informs Smith’s economic system, with consequences for the way Smith theorizes labor, the human subject, and the relationship between subject and economic system. Political economy is thus demonstrated to be, at its inception, a bioeconomic practice. It concludes by considering the relations among nature, political economy, and imagination in Smith’s thought, and suggests that “nature” in Smithian political economy offers both the possibility of system and the potential for its own critique.","PeriodicalId":436819,"journal":{"name":"Systems of Life","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134337997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems of LifePub Date : 2018-11-06DOI: 10.5422/fordham/9780823281725.003.0002
Christian Marouby
{"title":"Looking for (Economic) Growth in the Eighteenth Century","authors":"Christian Marouby","doi":"10.5422/fordham/9780823281725.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823281725.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of the book’s emphasis on “Systems of Life” in the social sciences in the eighteenth century, this chapter seeks to interrogate the conception of growth, an evidently biological analogy, in the work of two major founders of the discipline of economics, François Quesnay and Adam Smith. \u0000Taking its cue from a famous passage in the Wealth of Nations, the first part investigates the surprisingly discreet physiological conceptions in the non-medical writings of the theorist of physiocracy. While recognizing significant parallels between the biological and economic systems developed by Quesnay, particularly with regards to circulation, this first investigation fails to produce a model of economic growth based on physiological principles. The second part turns to the thought of Adam Smith himself, in which can be found not only an explicit analogy between physical health and that of the economy, but a clear conception of economic growth. But if it is tempting to find in Smith’s economics a system akin to that of life, a close examination of his theory of growth makes it even clearer than with Quesnay that its fundamental principle is not physiological, but sociological, grounded as it is in a stage theory of historical development.","PeriodicalId":436819,"journal":{"name":"Systems of Life","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129316220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems of LifePub Date : 2018-11-06DOI: 10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281725.003.0001
Richard A. Barney, Warren Montag
{"title":"Systems of Life, or Bioeconomic Politics","authors":"Richard A. Barney, Warren Montag","doi":"10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281725.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281725.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This collection of essays takes its cue from the ascendancy of system in dicated by Adam Smith’s work in order to articulate a framework in which to grasp the complex relations among biological knowledge, economics, and politics in Europe and its colonies from the mid–eighteenth century to the mid–nineteenth. In these terms, this volume aims to draw on recent scholarly accounts of the significance of system in Renaissance and Enlightenment contexts in order to reevaluate the importance of the systematic to biopolitical theory, which has paid particular attention to the importance of this historical period, especially in the case of analysts such as Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben, and Roberto Esposito. Considered as a whole, the essays in this volume can therefore be taken as an argument that the concept of “system” can help specify all the more concretely the ways that the “bio” was articulated in relation to the “political” in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century biopolitics, with “economy” serving as a useful mediating term between them by offering a way to articulate their “order” as a matter of exchange, valuation, or management. Given Smith’s remark about the “beauty” of systems, moreover, it is no accident that several of the essays in this volume examine the relevance of aesthetic production—whether poetry, fiction, comedy, or visual art—to the deployment of economic values in relation to both biological and political spheres.","PeriodicalId":436819,"journal":{"name":"Systems of Life","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115276338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems of LifePub Date : 2018-11-06DOI: 10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281725.003.0009
Mrinalini Chakravorty
{"title":"Concerning Hunger: Empire Aesthetics in the Present Moment","authors":"Mrinalini Chakravorty","doi":"10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281725.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281725.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines enduring ties among political economy, hunger, and art in the transnational present. Discussing liberal theories of sustenance (Marx, Smith, Malthus, and Darwin), it shows how the politics of alterity and altruism that attach to present artistic representations of hunger refashion colonial ideas about civilizational and subjective differences in order to reflect contemporary concerns about global culture and consumption. In addition to theories of hunger, there is a discussion of colonial famines and emerging hunger art from India.","PeriodicalId":436819,"journal":{"name":"Systems of Life","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117015259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems of LifePub Date : 2018-11-06DOI: 10.5422/fordham/9780823281725.003.0008
A. Goldstein
{"title":"William Blake and the Time of Ontogeny","authors":"A. Goldstein","doi":"10.5422/fordham/9780823281725.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823281725.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Romantic biology and aesthetics are frequently said to converge in the ideal of “organic form”: the organism, or the artwork, as “organized and self-organizing” cause and effect of itself. Reconstructing the foundational, early modern, bio-philosophical controversy between epigenesis and preformation through the lens of William Blake’s graphic poems, however, this chapter argues that epigenesis was not synonymous with Kantian organicism or the vitalist insistence on the ontologically exceptional status of the living. Instead, Blake joins contemporary zoologists Erasmus Darwin and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in casting epigenesis as a work of acute historical and circumstantial dependency, rather than of autotelic power. Here living bodies are those that tend, for better or worse, to make an organ of experience, their morphologies presenting compound archives of interactions with their physical and social milieu. It is this sense of “epigenesis,” which eludes the stale alternative between autonomy and determination, that is making a selective return in the “epigenetic” research that has transformed evolutionary, ecological, and developmental biology since the millennium.","PeriodicalId":436819,"journal":{"name":"Systems of Life","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114700819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems of LifePub Date : 2018-11-06DOI: 10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281725.003.0004
Pierre Macherey
{"title":"Rousseau: Vital Instinct and Pity","authors":"Pierre Macherey","doi":"10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281725.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281725.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This essay examines the contradictory development of the concept of pity in Rousseau’s work. In the Discourse on the Origin of Inequality (1754), pity exists in the form of a vital instinct, namely the instinct of self-preservation. As a spontaneous and automatic identification with one’s fellows in the state of pure nature, prior to the establishment of the distinction between self and other, it furnishes the vital basis for society as well as for the concept of right. It is also independent of any calculation or moral reasoning and does not rest on a decision or an act of will. Eight years later, in Emile, pity, far from existing spontaneously, must be learned, which in turn requires the use of reason on the part of the pupil. The discrepancy between the different accounts of pity signals less a change of position than the complexity of Rousseau’s notion of nature. Against Hobbes and Locke for whom the state of nature remains ever present in potential if not actual form, Rousseau argues that nature gives rise to a history whose progress negates the origin, which is lost forever. In the case of pity, reason in making a case for pity is the means by which pity in its original existence is rendered unknowable. The disjunction between the two accounts of pity in Rousseau’s work expresses the disjunction between natural and civilized man, between man acting at the behest of life and rational man, self-interested and solitary.","PeriodicalId":436819,"journal":{"name":"Systems of Life","volume":"266 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123365472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems of LifePub Date : 2018-11-06DOI: 10.5422/fordham/9780823281725.003.0010
T. Campbell
{"title":"The Hero Takes a Fall: Gravity, Comedy, and Darwin’s Entangled Bank","authors":"T. Campbell","doi":"10.5422/fordham/9780823281725.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823281725.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter aims to measure the biopolitical stakes of Darwin’s thinking of variability and natural selection in a historical ontology of ourselves today. When most contemporary ontologies point to catastrophe and mass extinction, what kinds of aesthetic and political strategies does a biopolitical reading of Darwin make available? One possibility, the chapter argues, is through a reconsideration of comedy and its associated pratfalls, the result of the law of gravity having been exiled from Darwin’s Origin of Species.","PeriodicalId":436819,"journal":{"name":"Systems of Life","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115522964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systems of LifePub Date : 2018-11-06DOI: 10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281725.003.0007
Annika Mann
{"title":"Writing Generation: Revolutionary Bodies and the Poetics of Political Economy","authors":"Annika Mann","doi":"10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281725.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281725.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reconsiders the emergence of political economy, biology, and literature as separate fields of research—disciplines—by examining representations of noxious generation in the politics and poetry of the late eighteenth century. In the debate between Edmund Burke and Thomas Paine over the status of the French Revolution, both writers collapse biological theories of reproduction and political theories of social collectivity, depicting generation as the proliferation of embodied collectives stimulated by print. In their poems The First Book of Urizen (1794) and “To a Little Invisible Being, Soon to Become Visible” (probably composed in 1799), William Blake and Anna Barbauld critique that collapse, even as they reflect upon how that collapse is itself facilitated by the tools of poetic discourse, by form and figure. Both poets explore how the “visible form” of writing, the structure of the book, and the figure of the womb are complicit in the generation of new kinds of bodies in the world. In so doing, Blake and Barbauld expose the unavoidably shared ground of poets, political economists, and scientists at the very moment those writers began increasingly articulating their own separateness.","PeriodicalId":436819,"journal":{"name":"Systems of Life","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129664004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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