War & Society最新文献

{"title":"Pacifying the Pindaris: Warfare and state building by the British in India, 1750–1830","authors":"K. Roy","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2022.2117903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2022.2117903","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the rise and fall of the Pindaris in India between the mid eighteenth and early nineteenth century. The Pindaris started their career as military mercenaries of the Maratha chiefs. In the first decade of the nineteenth century, they became semi-autonomous non-state powers and threatened both their employers as well as the expanding British Empire in India. The Pindari threat became intense in Central and West India. As this article shows, in the first half of the nineteenth century, an amalgam of kinetic and non-kinetic measures helped the East India Company to suppress and pacify the Pindaris.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"41 1","pages":"264 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48903572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"General Louis Botha’s Role in the South African War, 1899–1902","authors":"F. Pretorius","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2022.2117906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2022.2117906","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the role played by General Louis Botha in the South African War of 1899 to 1902 and assesses his military skills in his encounters with the British forces in both the set-piece battle phase in the first months of the war and the guerrilla phase in the last two years of the war. It also analyses his attitude to peace and his participation in the peace process since the successive British commanders-in-chief Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener had in this respect both direct and indirect contact with him as commandant-general of the South African Republic (the Transvaal) in the last two years of the war.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"67 3","pages":"285 - 307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41284237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sea routes, intelligence agents, and the social dynamics of the Sino-Korean maritime frontier during the Ming-Manchu conflict","authors":"Jing Liu","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2022.2087398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2022.2087398","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the agency of local societies of the Sino-Korean maritime frontier in the circulation, utilisation, and management of intelligence that was intertwined with Chosŏn Korea’s subtle central-local relations in the international environment of northeast Asia during the Ming-Manchu conflict. It argues that the enhanced mobility of coastal populations in a highly pivotal sea space contributed to their multilateral espionage activity, within which their individual influence developed and deviated from state interests. This is exemplified by the wartime career of Ch'oe Hyoil, a Korean military man and intelligence agent residing on the Ŭiju coast, who shifted political identities and connected with multiple powers to acquire and transmit intelligence within the Ming-Manchu confrontation. His premediated escape to the sea in 1639 particularly illuminates the connectivity of coastal communities and the various roles of administrations at different levels in handing border espionage.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"41 1","pages":"163 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45666474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International analysis of battlefield performance in the Austro-Prussian War, 1866–1870","authors":"Mark Bennett","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2022.2087399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2022.2087399","url":null,"abstract":"Following the startling Prussian victory in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, European observers sought to understand the war’s lessons and to apply them to future conflict. This article traces the way in which commentators in Britain, France, Prussia, Austria, and the various secondary states of Germany evaluated tactical developments resulting from the war. It highlights the transnational community of interest in military affairs, and how some imperfections in military learning from the war were nationally specific while others transcended borders. Understandings of the war’s battlefield implications were often slow to develop, and imperfectly anticipated conditions in the subsequent Franco-Prussian War.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"41 1","pages":"182 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47586382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fulda Gap: A board game, West German society, and a battle that never happened, 1975–85","authors":"A. Seipp","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2022.2087401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2022.2087401","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the reception of the American-made board game Fulda Gap: The First Battle of the Next War in the Federal Republic of Germany in the early 1980s. The German peace movement used the game, which depicted conventional, chemical, and nuclear war on German territory, as a potent symbol of what they believed to be American and NATO disregard for German lives and sovereignty. The controversy over the game reflected the changing character of German-American relations during the ‘Second Cold War’ and increasing concerns among Germans about the possible consequences of superpower conflict in Central Europe.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"41 1","pages":"201 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44726174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memorialisation of the Turkish War of Independence: Monuments, narratives and commemoration at the battlegrounds of Dumlupınar","authors":"Ö. Aksoy, Gizem Kahraman","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2022.2087402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2022.2087402","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the memorialisation of the Battle of Dumlupınar (30 August 1922) in Kütahya, Turkey. Through an investigation of landmarks, literature and oral history, we explore the post-war imaginings and settings of this battle. We observe three major practices of war memorialisation in the battlegrounds of Dumlupınar: state, public and local. State and public practices are largely intertwined and embody themselves in the form of highly visible landmarks and regulated acts of commemoration. The local practices are subtler and represent counter narratives of war entangled with the conflict landscape, myths, and local politics. By looking into this dichotomy, this article scrutinises the present role of battlegrounds in the memorialisation of the Battle of Dumlupınar.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"41 1","pages":"220 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49233128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consequences of the Hsp110DE9 mutation in tumorigenesis and the 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy response in Msh2-deficient mice.","authors":"Kathleen Noel, A 'dem Bokhari, Romane Bertrand, Florence Renaud, Pierre Bourgoin, Romain Cohen, Magali Svrcek, Anne-Christine Joly, Alex Duval, Ada Collura","doi":"10.1007/s00018-022-04293-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00018-022-04293-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play oncogenic roles in human tumours. We reported a somatic inactivating mutation of HSP110 (HSP110DE9) in mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) cancers displaying microsatellite instability (MSI) but did not assess its impact. We evaluated the impact of the Hsp110DE9 mutation on tumour development and the chemotherapy response in a dMMR knock-in mouse model (Hsp110DE9^KIMsh2^KO mice). The effect of the Hsp110DE9 mutation on tumorigenesis and survival was evaluated in Msh2^KO mice that were null (Hsp110^wt), heterozygous (Hsp110DE9^KI/+), or homozygous (Hsp110DE9^KI/KI) for the Hsp110DE9 mutation by assessing tumoral syndrome (organomegaly index, tumour staging) and survival (Kaplan-Meier curves). 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), which is the backbone of chemotherapy regimens in gastrointestinal cancers and is commonly used in other tumour types but is not effective against dMMR cells in vivo, was administered to Hsp110DE9^KI/KI, Hsp110DE9^KI/+, and Hsp110^wtMsh2^KO mice. Hsp110, Ki67 (proliferation marker) and activated caspase-3 (apoptosis marker) expression were assessed in normal and tumour tissue samples by western blotting, immunophenotyping and cell sorting. Hsp110^wt expression was drastically reduced or totally lost in tumours from Msh2^KOHsp110DE9^KI/+ and Msh2^KOHsp110DE9^KI/KI mice. The Hsp110DE9 mutation did not affect overall survival or tumoral syndrome in Msh2^KOHsp110DE9^KI/+ and Msh2^KOHsp110DE9^KI/KI mice but drastically improved the 5-FU response in all cohorts (Msh2^KOHsp110DE9^KI/KI: P_5fu = 0.001; Msh2^KOHsp110DE9^KI/+: P_5fu = 0.005; Msh2^KOHsp110^wt: P_5fu = 0.335). Histopathological examination and cell sorting analyses confirmed major hypersensitization to 5-FU-induced death of both Hsp110DE9^KI/KI and Hsp110DE9^KI/+ dMMR cancer cells. This study highlights how dMMR tumour cells adapt to HSP110 inactivation but become hypersensitive to 5-FU, suggesting Hsp110DE9 as a predictive factor of 5-FU efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"31 1","pages":"332"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11072706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88092908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trenches on Latin American Screens and Football Fields: cultural and Sporting Life in Tacna and Arica (Chile) during the First World War","authors":"Lucas Maubert","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2022.2046346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2022.2046346","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses how the inhabitants of Tacna and Arica, on the border between Chile and Peru, experienced the First World War (1914–1918), especially regarding culture and sports. Despite its remoteness from military operations, the competition between the belligerent nations affected the region, which impacted different areas, such as football and the cinema. An exhaustive review of the local press and regional documents from the Chilean government revealed how the local population faced events related to the war – neutrality, propaganda, censorship, pacifism – through war movies or football matches. Thus, this article seeks to contribute to the recent historiographical trends that emphasise this conflict’s global scope and its socio-cultural repercussions in Latin America.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"41 1","pages":"107 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44537134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Luchamos Por Honor’#: Augusto C. Sandino’s Pursuit of Honour","authors":"Laurence M. Nelson","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2022.2046348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2022.2046348","url":null,"abstract":"Augusto César Sandino has presented challenges to historians seeking to define the first Sandinista movement. Many interpretations of his political and spiritual beliefs have sharpened our understanding of his actions, but a facet of his rhetoric remains only peripherally illuminated. When Sandino’s pursuit of honour is examined in the context of Nicaraguan political culture and the traditions of caudillo-led armies, the importance of Sandino’s public image comes into focus. Sandino’s movement shared many features of caudillo-led rebellions. This enigmatic guerrilla cultivated a narrative around himself as a ‘culture hero’ to speak to the commonly held beliefs of the Nicaraguan people. By demonstrating his adherence to culturally relevant masculine leadership virtues, Sandino cultivated an ideology with himself as the central figure. Sandino developed patron-client relationships, which served as a central feature of his army’s fabric and made him the central figure of the movement. To garner support, Sandino frequently appealed to his fellow countrymen and potential supporters abroad by comparing his personal virtue with the depravity of his adversaries. Sandino, like typical caudillos, became the embodiment of his movement in the relationships he developed and the rhetoric he propagated. He sought honour and legitimacy because the pre-existing dialectic of the Nicaraguan socio-political power structure glorified those attributes as the qualifications for leadership in place of a political message. This article connects the growing literature on the role of honour in Latin American politics to the rebel movements of the early twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"41 1","pages":"129 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46743671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activities of Borno Traditional Political and Religious Leaders in the Nigerian Civil War, 1967–1970","authors":"Abdullahi Garba, Shettima Bukar Kullima, Garba Ibrahim","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2022.2046351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2022.2046351","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the activities of Borno traditional political and religious leaders in the Nigerian Civil War, with specific reference to the role of the Shehu of Borno and other chiefs, Muslim and Christian leaders. Traditional political leaders are the custodians of culture and traditions in Borno. They galvanised support for the war by mobilising society to contribute to the war effort. This article adopts a qualitative method, using oral sources from interviews conducted with surviving members of the traditional political and religious institutions. Traditional political leaders also commissioned religious leaders to pray for a successful end to the civil war, the unity of Nigeria and to preach the legality of enlisting into the military profession.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"41 1","pages":"147 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48384931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}