War & SocietyPub Date : 2020-03-18DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2020.1741773
Boon Kwan. Toh
{"title":"Black and Silver: Perceptions and Memories of the B-29 Bomber, American Strategic Bombing and the Longest Bombing Missions of the Second World War on Singapore","authors":"Boon Kwan. Toh","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2020.1741773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2020.1741773","url":null,"abstract":"The American strategic bombing of Japan and Japanese-occupied territories during the Second World War resulted in different perspectives of the aerial bombing, both during the war and in post-war memories. Drawing upon eye-witness accounts and memories, the difference in perspectives are compared and critiqued. The longest bombing missions of the war on Singapore are used as a case study to frame the analysis. While Japanese eyewitnesses viewed the American B-29 bombing raids with dread, Singapore’s war-time generation largely welcomed the advent of American air raids and viewed it as salvation from the Japanese occupation.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"39 1","pages":"109 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07292473.2020.1741773","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43204730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
War & SocietyPub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2019.1701619
Timothy J. Stapleton
{"title":"Barracks Islam and Command Christianity: Religion in Britain’s West African Colonial Army (c.1900–1960)","authors":"Timothy J. Stapleton","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2019.1701619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2019.1701619","url":null,"abstract":"Religion was an important and dynamic aspect of Britain’s West African colonial army. The religious composition of the force changed from primarily Muslim in the late nineteenth century to primarily traditionalist and Muslim during the early twentieth century to overwhelmingly Christian during and immediately after the Second World War. These changes reflected not only military requirements but also broader social trends. While Muslim religious life in the military reflected a ‘barracks Islam’ accommodated by British officers, a top-down form of command Christianity emerged from the 1940s. Appointed during the Second World War, military chaplains and imams encouraged recruiting and strengthened morale but the presence of black religious officials challenged the existing racial hierarchy.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"39 1","pages":"1 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07292473.2019.1701619","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42908465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
War & SocietyPub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2019.1701618
K. Tronvoll
{"title":"‘Brothers at Peace’: People-to-People Reconciliation in the Ethiopian–Eritrean Borderlands","authors":"K. Tronvoll","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2019.1701618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2019.1701618","url":null,"abstract":"The coming to power of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed in Ethiopia in 2018 opened up a renewed peace engagement with Eritrea and diplomatic relations were restored. Before the political rapprochement, grassroots processes of people-to-people reconciliation in the borderlands between the two countries had been underway for years, gradually eroding officially-produced enemy stereotypes. This article explores how physical borders and boundaries of identity at a local level may be conceived differently from that at state borders or expressions of formal nationalism at an inter-state level. The local level border between the northern regional state of Tigray in Ethiopia and Eritrea has become increasingly porous over the last years, whilst the inter-state border was rigidly defended. The political rapprochement is however disconnected from the people-to-people reconciliation, as the local government in Tigray is at odds with both Ethiopia’s federal government in Addis Ababa and the Eritrean government. The formalised peace processes are elite driven, leaving no voice for the people affected in the borderlands.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"39 1","pages":"58 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07292473.2019.1701618","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43815840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
War & SocietyPub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2019.1701620
Lucía Ruiz Rosendo
{"title":"Interpreting for the Afghanistan Spanish Force","authors":"Lucía Ruiz Rosendo","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2019.1701620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2019.1701620","url":null,"abstract":"The participation of interpreters as linguistic and cultural mediators is considered essential to the success of military operations in a foreign country. This study examines the situation of two categories of civilian interpreters who worked for the Spanish armed forces in Afghanistan: interpreters recruited in Spain and interpreters recruited in Afghanistan. The distinct positionalities of these groups of interpreters emerge as a recurring theme in the interviews carried out as part of this research. The findings indicate that the interpreter’s positionality impacted the interpreter’s agency, the trust placed in him or her by the armed forces, and exposure to danger. In highlighting interpreters’ active participation in the communicative situation, this paper increases understanding of the positionality of interpreters in war zones.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"39 1","pages":"42 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07292473.2019.1701620","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45675026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
War & SocietyPub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2019.1701621
M. Tyquin
{"title":"Profiteering in Australia during the First World War","authors":"M. Tyquin","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2019.1701621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2019.1701621","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of domestic profiteering on Australia’s war effort and economy is a field still under-represented in historical research. This paper discusses how Australian governments struggled to come to grips with profiteering and public perception of the problem during the First World War. It is also a plea for military historians and others to move beyond the Gallipoli and Anzac perspective that still dominates this field and to look at other issues that were important during the war but which remain under-studied.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"39 1","pages":"23 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07292473.2019.1701621","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48533472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
War & SocietyPub Date : 2019-08-11DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2019.1643491
Elizabeth M. Greenhalgh
{"title":"The French Army on the Western Front","authors":"Elizabeth M. Greenhalgh","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2019.1643491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2019.1643491","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to correct some common misperceptions about the French Army before and during the First World War. The first is characterised by such terms as furia francese or elan vital, meaning...","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"38 1","pages":"250 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07292473.2019.1643491","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44273793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
War & SocietyPub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2019.1643493
J. Horne
{"title":"A Colonial Expedition? French Soldiers’ Experience at the Dardanelles","authors":"J. Horne","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2019.1643493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2019.1643493","url":null,"abstract":"As many French soldiers as ANZACs fought at Gallipoli. Their preconceptions had more to do with colonial campaigning than with the dominant French experience of the Great War — mass mobilisation to defend the nation on home territory. Moreover, a significant proportion of the troops at the Dardanelles were colonial. Yet the French soldiers discovered at Gallipoli a ‘front’ that was part of the mutual siege that ringed Europe and that bore more than a passing resemblance to the front in France. The article explores the experiences and perceptions of the French soldiers facing this paradox.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"38 1","pages":"286 - 304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07292473.2019.1643493","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44417484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
War & SocietyPub Date : 2019-07-25DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2019.1643490
Aimee L. Fox
{"title":"Goats Mingling With Sheep? Professionalisation, Personalities, and Partnerships Between British Civil and Military Engineers, c.1837–1939","authors":"Aimee L. Fox","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2019.1643490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2019.1643490","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the entangled history of civil and military engineering from 1837 to 1939. Typically characterised in the historiography as a relationship marked by neglect and intransigence, it reveals a longstanding kinship between the two professions, built on the firm foundations of mutual interest and respect. Charting the formal and informal links between civil and military engineering in terms of knowledge, recruitment, and education, this article argues that the relationship, while often characterised by tensions and disagreements, represented a process of re-negotiation and renewal to meet new challenges and altered contexts.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"38 1","pages":"268 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07292473.2019.1643490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43988044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
War & SocietyPub Date : 2019-07-24DOI: 10.1080/07292473.2019.1643494
Chris Kempshall
{"title":"Beyond ‘Parade Ground Soldiers’: French Army Assessments of the British in 1918","authors":"Chris Kempshall","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2019.1643494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2019.1643494","url":null,"abstract":"When the Germans launched their Spring Offensives of 1918, they placed tremendous pressure on the alliance between Britain and France. While French and British soldiers had formed strong relations through mutual cooperation at the Somme in 1916, the French experiences at Verdun and during the mutinies of 1917 had changed the way they viewed the war and, most crucially, how they would view any allied failures. When the British were forced to retreat following the beginning of Operation Michael in March 1918, the French reacted with fury. This article examines the nature of the French evaluations of the British during 1918 and the extent to which they judged their ally to have failed them. By using the collections of the Commissions de contrôle postal for the French army during the war, it will show the depths to which French opinion of the British fell in the first half of the year but also how British actions towards the war’s conclusion managed to restore some of their honour in French eyes.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"38 1","pages":"305 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07292473.2019.1643494","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42182792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}