War & Society最新文献

{"title":"Race and the History of the Modern US Military 1","authors":"B. Bailey","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2150473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2150473","url":null,"abstract":"My charge – to trace the changing master narrative of ‘ race ’ in US military history over the past forty years – proved confounding. I could easily find the most proxim-ate end of the narrative. Studies of race, or of groups defined through racial or ethnic identity, are currently trending in military history. A study of race and the US military in the Second World War received the 2022 distinguished book award from the Society for Military History: Thomas A. Guglielmo ’ s deeply researched and insightful work, Divisions: A New History of Racism and Resistance in America ’ s World War II Military . 2 And I can list a double handful of scholars, myself included, who are writing on the topic right now. Looking back to the distant past of my own graduate school years – at the University of Chicago from 1980 to 1986","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"12 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47440886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African Military Historiography","authors":"Michelle R. Moyd","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2150477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2150477","url":null,"abstract":"Practically it may be said to include all campaigns other than those where both the opposing sides consist of regular troops. It comprises the expeditions against savages and semi-civilised races by disciplined soldiers, it comprises campaigns undertaken to suppress rebellions and guerrilla warfare in all parts of the world where organized armies are struggling against opponents who will not meet them in the open field … 11","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"34 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49428155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"War, Peace, and Narratives of European History since 1914","authors":"A. Seipp","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2150479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2150479","url":null,"abstract":"On 8 May 2020, a sombre commemoration took place in the heart of Berlin. It marked the seventy-fifth anniversary of the end of the Second World War in Europe. The day was supposed to be an occasion to gather leaders of some of the principal combatants of that struggle, but Covid-19 meant that there would be no crowds and no foreign dignitaries. Instead, the political leadership of the Federal Republic of Germany gathered for a quiet wreath-laying at the austereNeue Wache on the Unter den Linden, in front of K€athe Kollwitz’s Piet a. The German Federal President, Frank-Walter Steinmeier (born 1956), gave a speech that emphasised the multiple transformations of Europe since 1945. Reflecting on the slow but steady progress that the successor generations made, he reminded the small audience that:","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"1153 ","pages":"52 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41271574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grand Narratives and Gendered Wars and Societies","authors":"K. D. Vuic","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2150483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2150483","url":null,"abstract":"The study of twentieth century US military history has changed dramatically in the last forty years, in no small measure due to the increasing number of historians who approach the field through a focus on war and society and gender history. Once considered ‘ new ’ , these fields are now older than many practising historians and have become common specialisations among them. Whether or not the study of wars, societies, and gender have dismantled any perceived standard narrative of military history, however, might depend on whom you ask. This essay examines how the intertwined fields of war and society and gender history have challenged conventional military history narratives at the individual, institutional, and structural levels. While drawing primarily on recent works about the twentieth century United States, many of the topics, methods, and questions of these approaches also characterise the history of other time periods and other regions of the world. 1 Historians of wars and societies and of gender argue that it is impossible to separate the experiences and institutions of military and wartime service, or even the framing and conduct of war itself, from the societies that mobilise and deploy armed forces. Military histories, they insist, are also histories of gender, of race, class, religion, sex, and region. Nothing about militaries or wars is univer-sal or natural; no decision is made free of social and cultural context. These historians understand the relationship between societies, militaries, and conflict as determinative, inseparable, and mutually constructive. In the context of the United States in particular, they see military and wartime needs as fundamental to all foreign and domestic policies. War and society and gender history, as dedicated historical fields, emerged from the same historiographical developments and are in many ways inseparable. Both","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"82 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48995907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Of ‘Master’ and ‘Grand Narratives’ and Their Discontents: Early Modern European Military History","authors":"P. Wilson","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2150484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2150484","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers a short, critical survey of the 'grand' or 'master' narratives produced since the 1950s by those discussing the history of war in early modern Europe. It examines in turn the War and Society approach, the concept of a Military Revolution, narratives linking political and social impacts, the more recent models of Fiscal Military and Contractor States, and the debates around the nature of military change. It concludes that grand narratives are always flawed, but we need them to relate or compare what would otherwise be a bewildering array of disconnected stories.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"90 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48817930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metanarratives in Asian Military History","authors":"D. Graff","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2150475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2150475","url":null,"abstract":"Asia, the largest of the continents, is not only vast in physical extent but also amazingly diverse, embracing cultures as different as those of China, India, Japan, and Iran, as well as the nations of Southeast Asia and (in part) the Arab world. As large as it looms for geographers, however, Asia has long been a sort of terra incognita for military historians writing in English and other Western languages. Most of what has been written focuses on just a few episodes defined primarily as conflicts between European or American protagonists and Asiatic opponents, from the Persian invasion of Greece, the Crusades, and the Mongol forays into eastern Europe to the building of the British Raj in India, the Boxer Rebellion in China, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the recent interventions in Iraq and Afghanistan. The focus is usually on the Western side in the conflict, with Asians appearing most often in the role of the exotic Oriental ‘other’. The violence of Asians against other Asians, which accounts for the overwhelming majority of the continent’s martial past, has received much less attention. Apart from the obvious difficulty of mastering the languages and understanding the cultures, the relative neglect of Asian warfare may also be attributed to the persistence of impressions formed during the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century, when western militaries, endowed with all the advantages flowing from the industrial revolution and the social and political dynamism that accompanied it, ran roughshod over the forces of Asian states and empires. One of the legacies of the colonial era was that most Asian peoples were perceived as weak and militarily ineffectual, and their ways of war, consequently, were not considered worthy of serious study. This contemptuous attitude permeates the older literature touching on Asian military history. It can be seen, for example, in the 1924 edition of Sir Charles Oman’s classic survey of medieval warfare, in which that eminent British military historian casually dismissed the notion that the Chinese could possibly have been the inventors of gunpowder, and in Barbara Tuchman’s willingness to repeat – in her influential bestseller Stilwell and the American Experience in China – the old chestnut that Chinese warlord armies of the early twentieth century had the habit of suspending their battles to put up umbr-","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"20 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59413177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forty Years On: Master Narratives and US Military History","authors":"Brian McAllister Linn","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2023.2150476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2150476","url":null,"abstract":"In the last four decades many of the scholarly norms in American military history have changed beyond recognition. Much of this is due to the contributions of what was then termed the ‘new military history’ and is today referred to as ‘war and society’. Military history is the study of war and the institutions that wage it. Its traditional approach has been narrative and its focus on operations, political-military relations, technology, strategy, the armed forces, and leadership. The new military history/war and society, influenced by interdisciplinary theory, explored such diverse topics as race and gender, the social impact of war, the environment, and culture. Although some believed, and continue to maintain the fields constitute separate, even hostile sub-disciplines, the broad tent of the Society for Military History, the major professional organisation, reflects the consensus and cooperation among most practitioners. Within the community the labels have become largely self-identifiers, providing insight into areas of interest, methodology, and audience rather than the academic version of the Crips and Bloods. My own career reflects this, for in the process of detailing the history of the US Army I would end up writing two books that might be classified as traditional operational history, two that could be termed war and society, and a fifth that is a hybrid. Given my conviction that conflict between military history and war and society, if there ever was one, is moot, this essay will not be yet another attempt to parse out their commonalities and divergencies. Rather, my intention is to examine the evolution of three master narratives: the American Way of War, Huntington’s military professionalism, and counterinsurgency (COIN). They were chosen because each meets three criteria. The first is that they have continued to generate both academic and military interest. Second, all were appropriated, redefined, and politicised by American military intellectuals. Finally, and more idiosyncratic, I was introduced to these particular topics over forty years ago – almost concurrently","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"26 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41796857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The British Film Campaign in Spain During the First World War (1914–1918)","authors":"M. Cabrera","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2022.2117907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2022.2117907","url":null,"abstract":"The First World War brought a propaganda battle of enormous proportions to Spain. The conflict mobilised a popular debate in the country, and the belligerent powers deployed persuasive campaigns that included films as an instrument of control. Cinema put aside its traditional role of entertainment and turned war material into an ideological weapon. Despite the French monopoly of the Spanish film industry and the limitations imposed by the Spanish Government, Great Britain unleashed film campaigns that spread throughout Spain through private and diplomatic showings. This article examines the British film industry in Spain, analysing its operation and progressive improvement during the First World War.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"41 1","pages":"308 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43026027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Historiography on Eastern Europe during the First World War: A Review*","authors":"R. Nachtigal","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2022.2117908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2022.2117908","url":null,"abstract":"Since the centenary of the beginning of the First World War, many historical studies on Eastern Europe during the war and its aftermath have been published, by eastern European authors as well as in the west. This article provides an overview of recent Russian, Polish, Ukrainian, German and English contributions and sets out trends and various approaches. It generally covers publications between 2014 and early 2022 and takes a closer look at material in German and Slavic languages. It includes descriptive historiography as well as documentary material. Collections of articles are touched upon, but single articles from collections or journals are mentioned only occasionally. Given the abundance of contributions and the restricted space to present them here, this review only examines the war years until the October Revolution in Russia, up to the end of 1917.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"41 1","pages":"323 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43286622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women in Command: The Matildine War of 1141","authors":"S. Isaac","doi":"10.1080/07292473.2022.2117900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2022.2117900","url":null,"abstract":"In 1141, Queen Matilda III of England and the Empress Matilda were active military commanders in the field against one another, often facing the same risks as their armies. Besides being worthy of attention as one of the rare moments when two women campaigned directly against each another, the conflict also has the advantage of having left enough documents from the women themselves to allow their voices to be heard alongside the gendered narrative of medieval chroniclers. What emerges here is a campaign history that confirms how both medieval men and women accepted the generalship of women, that shows how each woman was prepared by prior experience to manage complex administrations, and how, in the crisis moments of war, they navigated the pressures of medieval warfare.","PeriodicalId":43656,"journal":{"name":"War & Society","volume":"41 1","pages":"247 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47730174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}