Shivangi Agrawal, Shivani Gupta, Ravinder Singh Gothwal, R. Meena, A. Kakkar
{"title":"Efficacy of Oral Pilocarpine for Reduction of Post Radiotherapy Xerostomia in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Prospective Randomized Institution-based Study","authors":"Shivangi Agrawal, Shivani Gupta, Ravinder Singh Gothwal, R. Meena, A. Kakkar","doi":"10.31557/apjcc.2022.7.3.519-524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2022.7.3.519-524","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of study: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral pilocarpine concomitantly with radiation treatment for the prevention of radiation induced xerostomia in Head and Neck cancer patients. Material and methods: A prospective randomized study was carried out on 60 histopathological proven squamous cell cancer patients of Head and neck region. All patients received a total radiation dose of 66Gy /33 fraction/6.2 weeks (2Gy/fraction, 5 days/ week) on Telecobalt machine with or without concurrent chemotherapy. The concurrent chemotherapy eligible patients received, weekly chemotherapy courses using cisplatin 30 mg/m2. Patients in the study group received oral pilocarpine 5.0 mg three times a day starting 3 days prior to start of radiotherapy and continued for 3 months post radiotherapy. Patients were evaluated on subjective basis based on Zimmerman Questionnaire and EORTC QLQ HN 35. The statistical analysis was done by Paired sample T test. Results: The average Zimmerman Xerostomia score for all parameters combined was as follows: First assessment -100mm vs 100mm; Second assessment -50mm vs 45mm; Third assessment -59mm vs 52mm; Fourth assessment -64mm vs 57mm, Fifth assessment -71mm vs 68. As per QLQ-HN 35 questionnaire used for assessment of quality of life of patients in both groups, we observed that better scores were obtained in the pilocarpine group in comparison to control group. Conclusion: In the present study, the effectiveness of Pilocarpine given during and 3 months post radiotherapy was observed in terms of better compliance during radiation treatment. Most of the patients had less subjective symptoms with lesser grades of toxicities observed during various phases of assessment post RT.","PeriodicalId":436394,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128045775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rian Fabian Sofyan, G. Shalmont, U. M. Tjiptoningsih
{"title":"Management of Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland with Liver Metastasis: A Case Report","authors":"Rian Fabian Sofyan, G. Shalmont, U. M. Tjiptoningsih","doi":"10.31557/apjcc.2022.7.3.593-596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2022.7.3.593-596","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) is rarely found as one type of salivary gland malignancy, especially the parotid gland. Based on data only covers 0.86% of all cases of salivary gland malignancies with an annual incidence rate of 0.01 cases per 100,000 population. Liver metastasis from this type of cancer is very uncommon. Methode: We reported a 64-year-old female patient who presented with a lump in the left neck which enlarged within four years. Total parotidectomy and modified radical neck dissection were done and the diagnosis of lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland was establishes based on pathology examination. The patient was then given adjuvant radiotherapy. Five months after initial treatment, the patient shows no locoregional recurrence. However, the patient developed multifocal liver metastases which were deemed inoperable. Results: Liver metastases in the case of lymphoepithelial carcinoma have a worse prognosis than other types of cancer because it usually manifests in multiple and disseminated lesions rather than solitary.","PeriodicalId":436394,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132061537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ram Singh, H. Sagiraju, S. Krishnasamy, P. Sirohiya, B. Kumar, B. Ratre, S. Bhatnagar
{"title":"Outcomes of COVID-19 in Cancer Patients who Developed Acute Kidney Injury During Hospitalization in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India","authors":"Ram Singh, H. Sagiraju, S. Krishnasamy, P. Sirohiya, B. Kumar, B. Ratre, S. Bhatnagar","doi":"10.31557/apjcc.2022.7.3.515-517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2022.7.3.515-517","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients infected with COVID-19 has been observed to be associated with poor outcomes. Our study aimed to measure the outcomes of COVID-19 in cancer patients who developed AKI during hospitalization and the predictive baseline clinical and laboratory factors associated with the development of AKI. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a COVID hospital that included only cancer patients with COVID-19 infection. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was defined according to KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) criteria. The demographic, clinical, laboratory and outcomes data were collected from the hospital electronic database and abstracted from the case files. Results: Thirteen (12.8%) of the total 102 cancer patients developed AKI during hospitalization. Out of 13, 11 (84.6%) patients presented with hypoxemia during admission and required oxygen support. Breathlessness [Odds Ratio (OR) (95% CI): 5.8 (1.1-31.3)] or hypoxemia [OR 22.6 (2.6-194.5)] at the time of presentation and requirement of oxygen support [OR 7.5 (1.4-40.5)] were significantly associated with AKI after adjusting for age, gender, vaccination status and comorbidities. Median baseline values of inflammatory markers were significantly higher among those who developed AKI. Out of 102, 27 (26.5%) patients had in-hospital mortality. Mortality was high among those who developed AKI compared to those who didn’t develop AKI (92.3% vs 16.1%, p-value: <0.001). Conclusions: The cancer patients infected by COVID-19 and who developed AKI were more vulnerable to poor outcomes in terms of in-hospital mortality. The patients with severe disease at presentation and higher levels of baseline inflammatory markers CRP, ferritin, and D-Dimer were more susceptible to the development of AKI and in turn, led to a higher risk of in-hospital mortality in these patients. ","PeriodicalId":436394,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care","volume":"287 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115229670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vipul Mehta, Parul Gupta, Ravinder Singh Gothwal, R. Dana, Narendra Gupta, Shivani Gupta
{"title":"Comparative Study of Dose Volume Parameters in 2-Dimensional Radiography and 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography Based High Dose Rate Intracavitary Brachytherapy in Cervical Cancer: A Prospective Study","authors":"Vipul Mehta, Parul Gupta, Ravinder Singh Gothwal, R. Dana, Narendra Gupta, Shivani Gupta","doi":"10.31557/apjcc.2022.7.3.509-514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2022.7.3.509-514","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Present study compares two high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) planning methods using two-dimensional orthogonal radiography and three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) with regard to dose to target volume and organs at risk (OAR) in carcinoma cervix. Methodology: ICBT plans for 22-patients were compared using 2D planning and three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) planning techniques. 2D treatment plans were generated using 2D-orthogonal images and dose was prescribed at Point A while 3D-CT plans were generated using 3D-CT images after contouring target volume and organs at risk. In 2D planning rectal and bladder doses were assessed as per ICRU-38 and in 3D planning, 0.1cc, 0.2cc, 0.5cc and 1cc doses of bladder and rectum were evaluated. Doses to target and organ at risks (rectum and bladder) were compared for each planning method. Results: Mean dose received by D90, D95 and D100 was 8.05±1.59Gy, 7.19±1.43Gy and 4.79±0.93Gy respectively. ICRU bladder and rectal point doses were 5.19±1.36Gy and 5.03±0.36Gy respectively. Mean dose received by bladder D0.1cc, D0.2cc, D1cc, D2cc and D5cc was 2.38±0.80, 2.22±.75, 1.85±0.64, 1.51±0.64 and 1.29±.49 times higher than ICRU bladder reference point dose. Similarly mean dose received by rectum D0.1cc, D0.2cc, D1cc, D2cc and D5cc was 1.49±0.27, 1.43±.25, 1.25±0.23, 1.09±0.21 and 0.93±.21 times higher than ICRU rectal reference point dose. Conclusion: This study demonstrates suboptimal target coverage and underestimation of dose to OAR by 2-dimensional radiography when actual dose estimation was done by 3-dimensional brachytherapy planning for the same brachytherapy session.","PeriodicalId":436394,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130453601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thokozani S B Maseko, S. Haumba, X. Dlamini, Hlophe Lomalanga, N. Mahlalela, M. Mkhontfo, Zanele P. Nhlabatsi, Nomxolisi Mabuza, D. Vambe
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes and Associated Factors of Health Workers Towards Lung and other Cancers in Eswatini","authors":"Thokozani S B Maseko, S. Haumba, X. Dlamini, Hlophe Lomalanga, N. Mahlalela, M. Mkhontfo, Zanele P. Nhlabatsi, Nomxolisi Mabuza, D. Vambe","doi":"10.31557/apjcc.2022.7.3.491-497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2022.7.3.491-497","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancer is a major public health problem for both developed and developing countries, and more than 70% of cancer deaths occur in developing countries. In Eswatini, cancer is the third leading cause of morbidity and mortality among non-communicable diseases. Cancer is therefore a major health problem for the country that needs urgent attention. Amongst the major contributing factors is lack of knowledge about the disease, lack of awareness on need to screen, issues related to availability and access to screening, diagnosis and treatment services. Health workers have a direct contact with patients hence can pass information to them. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and associated factors of health workers towards cancer in Eswatini. Methods: A quantitatively designed cross-sectional study was conducted among health workers using a structured questionnaire. Health workers were enrolled from 12 health facilities countrywide which included hospitals, health centres and clinics. Data were analysed using quantitative methods and presented on tables. Results: A total of 748 health workers were enrolled in the study. Most of them (84.9%) had average knowledge about cancer. Their knowledge differed by age (p<0.001), marital status (p=0.006), employment position (p<0.001), professional qualification (p=0.001), level of education and years of employment (p<0.001). Almost all the HCWs (99.3%) had positive attitudes towards cancer. Conclusion: The HCWs had average knowledge and positive attitudes. There is a need for training programs for HCWs to improve their knowledge as they act a source of information for the population. ","PeriodicalId":436394,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131107705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Kumar, R. Garg, Prashant Sirohyia, B. Ratre, Ram Singh
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Medical Practices","authors":"B. Kumar, R. Garg, Prashant Sirohyia, B. Ratre, Ram Singh","doi":"10.31557/apjcc.2022.7.3.571-572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2022.7.3.571-572","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has affected human life in all spheres. However, the medical and health practices seen changed a lot since the arrival of this pandemic. This article describes the positive and negative impact of covid in the medical field. The integration of telehealth needs to be emphasized and positive changes like hand hygiene, wearing a mask, and appropriate social distancing and online interactive learning may be useful in health care practices. Although, the negative effects of the pandemic like ignoring the patients with other comorbidity and deteriorating mental health of HCW must be kept in mind and should be properly addressed.","PeriodicalId":436394,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care","volume":"49 7-8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131863918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Delays to Cancer Care, Exploring the Factors Associated with Barriers to Accessing Comprehensive Cancer Care in Eswatini: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Dlamaini Xolisile, Hlophe Lomalanga, Maseko Thokozani, Mahlalela Nonhlanhla, Mkhontfo Mandzisi, Nhlabatsi Zanele, Mabuza Nomxolisi, Vambe Debrah, Haumba Samson","doi":"10.31557/apjcc.2022.7.3.499-507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2022.7.3.499-507","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancer care in low-middle income countries is very poor. About 85% of preventable cancers such as cervical cancers are contributing factors to mortality rate which is 18 times higher in low middle-income countries. This is partly due to observed delays and underutilization of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment services in developing countries, and delays in seeking health care when symptoms start or inadequacy or lack of services. Similar trends in delays are observed in Eswatini, and this study was conducted to identify the causes of such delays in Eswatini. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted among cancer survivors and health workers. Focused group discussions were conducted among the cancer survivors from all four regions in the country using a focus group discussion topic guide. The health workers were enrolled as key informants and face-to-face interviews were conducted using a key informant interview guide. The key informants were hospital managers such as Hospital Administrators, Hospital Matrons, and Hospital Senior Medical Officers from all major hospitals and health centres in the country. Results: The findings showed that causes of cancer delays were due to patient related delays which include fear of cancer diagnosis and denial that led to delay in seeking care; shock, disbelief, and fear at time of diagnosis which delayed use of treatment services. Part of the delays were due to health system related delays which include lack of knowledge by health care workers; inadequacy of infrastructure and skill for delivering cancer services in the health system; delays in being (properly) diagnosed and treated for cancer. Conclusion: Cancer care delays in Eswatini relate to both the patient and the health system. These findings should be using in developing strategies to improve cancer care in Eswatini and to replan cancer programs so that they meet the needs of cancer patients. ","PeriodicalId":436394,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126829589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease of The Larynx Mimicking Malignancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature","authors":"Sevda Dalar, O. Saraydaroglu, O. A. Ozmen","doi":"10.31557/apjcc.2022.7.3.589-592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2022.7.3.589-592","url":null,"abstract":"Immunoglobulin G4–related disease is characterized by increased serum immunoglobulin G4 level, enlargement in the relevant organs and histopathologically intense storiform fibrosis, lymphoplasmacytic infiltration rich in immunoglobulin G4 positive plasma cells, and obliterative phlebitis. In this report, a patient who underwent a laryngeal biopsy with a pre-diagnosis of malignancy, but had findings consistent with immunoglobulin G4–related disease in the biopsy sample, is described. Immunoglobulin G4–related disease can be seen in very rare localizations. It should be kept in mind in differential diagnosis when tissues especially containing inflammation rich in plasma cells are encountered. Clinical, laboratory and pathological correlation is extremely important in the diagnosis of an immunoglobulin G4-related disease.","PeriodicalId":436394,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123485330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Zongo, P. B. Yameogo, Amélie Nare, Adeline R Djigemdé, Abdoul Halim Bagué, Nomwendé Lamoussa Marie Ouedraogo, M. Windsouri, A. Dem
{"title":"Indications, Surgical Techniques and Results of Breast Oncoplasty in West Africa, Case of Burkina Faso","authors":"N. Zongo, P. B. Yameogo, Amélie Nare, Adeline R Djigemdé, Abdoul Halim Bagué, Nomwendé Lamoussa Marie Ouedraogo, M. Windsouri, A. Dem","doi":"10.31557/apjcc.2022.7.3.485-489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2022.7.3.485-489","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To describe the indications, surgical techniques and results of breast oncoplasty. Patients and methods: Retrospective and descriptive study of oncoplastic breast surgery performed between January 2013 and March 2021. We were interested in the indications, techniques, and aesthetic and oncological results. Overall survival was assessed by the Kaplan Meier technique and survival comparisons by logRank. Aesthetic results and quality of life were assessed by the modified BREAST-Q questionnaire. Results: We report 64 cases of oncoplastic breast surgery in Ouagadougou, that is 6.9% of the 917 surgeries performed for breast cancers. We performed 14 Round Block for upper quadrant carcinomas. Eight external oncoplasties were performed for infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the external quadrants. The upper pedicle technique was performed in 19 cases and the Thorek amputation graft technique in 13 cases for lower quadrant carcinomas with macromastia and major ptosis. The supero-postero-internal pedicle technique help to avoid necrosis and amputation of the nipple in 8 cases. The 5-year overall survival was 90.5%. The patients were satisfied with the volume of the remaining breasts and their aesthetic appearance. Conclusion: Oncoplasty is increasingly performed in Burkina Faso. It should take its place with the recent advent of radiotherapy in our country. A larger cohort will better describe its results.","PeriodicalId":436394,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114329982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accuracy of ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology in head and neck lesions","authors":"K. Mohson, Mohammed Ali Jafaar","doi":"10.31557/apjcc.2022.7.3.481-484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2022.7.3.481-484","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Palpable superficial mass (es) is a major complain making patients attending any surgical and otolarygeal clinic. Most of these lesions are related to thyroid, cervical lymph nodes or salivary glands Triple assessment technique using clinical examination, ultrasound and cytology are usually sufficient in reaching the final diagnosis especially in specialized surgical centers. Aims: The objective of this study was to assess how accurate ultrasound in guessing the diagnosis of the lesion and how accurate as a guide for fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Methods: A prospective study included 50 patients who were presented with self-detected head or neck lump and attending the specialized surgical clinic in the Medical City Complex, Baghdad during the period from November 2019 to October 2020. Their age ranged from 10-63 years. Patients were underwent ultrasound examination after clinical examination and then subjected to ultrasound guided FNAC. Results: Twenty patients presented with palpable lump were included in this study. Their ages ranged between 10 to 63 years (mean age 37.8 years). Regarding the distribution of the anatomical locations the majority of the lesions were lymph nodes (7/20) six of them are cervical and one of them was inguinal, the 2nd common location was the parotid gland seen in four out of twenty, The provisional diagnosis provided by ultrasound for lococregional pathology was benign in majority of Lymph node group (5/7) and malignant in two, three out of four parotid lesions are benign and all thyroid cases are also benign, The FNAC results in correlation with ultrasound findings are in concordance regarding the lymph nodes and parotid aspirates in 100% while thyroid aspirate was in concordance in 100% after two passes due to bloody aspirate, the aspirate from the breast is 50% in line and no concordance seen in 50 %, the aspirate is compatible regarding the hip mediastinum and sternomastoid while is not conclusive in lung aspirate. The accuracy of ultrasound in guiding the needle for targeting the lesion is 100%, and overall accuracy of ultrasound in reaching the final diagnosis is 85% with 100 % sensitivity. Conclusion: Ultrasound guided FNAC represents a reliable interventional radiology modality for targeting the needle to any superficial or ultrasound reachable deep seated head and neck lesion and considered a recommended method for assessment of underlying cause responsible for palpable head and neck mass this is due to reliable focusing the mass lesion, avoiding nearby vital organ or vessel and direct real time visualization of the needle within the lesion and by that sampling cells by flickering the needle within the lesion.","PeriodicalId":436394,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133940933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}