{"title":"NIL “Reform” Fails to Address the NCAA’s Biggest Issue","authors":"R. Southall, M. Nagel","doi":"10.7290/jasm13iy5g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/jasm13iy5g","url":null,"abstract":"Do college sport stakeholders have the intellectual and moral courage to abandon the familiar and financially successful, but morally bankrupt and exploitative, collegiate model? The NIL \"Reform,\" which effectively fails to address the NCAA's biggest issue, is explored in this article.","PeriodicalId":43607,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71083363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Environmental CSR Initiatives on Potential Stakeholders’ Perception of Non-environmentally Friendly Sporting Events","authors":"Y. Rhee, Yukyoum Kim","doi":"10.7290/jasm133282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/jasm133282","url":null,"abstract":"The protection of the natural environment is increasingly being perceived as a pillar of CSR (corporate social responsibility). Although most professional sport organizations in the United States participate in some form of philanthropic activity, little research has examined how non-environmentally friendly sport organizations can effectively communicate their environmental initiatives. Two different CSR approaches (Environmental and Nationalistic) by NASCAR were exposed to potential stakeholders to examine the changes in the perception (Attitude, Reputation, Identification, and Perceived CSR) of the organization. We analyzed the MIMIC model to compare the means on the latent constructs. Environmental approach showed positive changes in potential stakeholders’ perception toward NASCAR. Whereas, the Nationalistic CSR approach had no significant impact on potential stakeholders’ perception of the organization. The findings suggest CSR can be an opportunity for organizations like NASCAR to have a positive non-product message for potential stakeholders depending on how they communicate these programs.","PeriodicalId":43607,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71083011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Fistful of NIL: Have We Entered a “Wild West” Recruiting Era?","authors":"M. Magnusen, S. Todd","doi":"10.7290/jasm133hgx","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/jasm133hgx","url":null,"abstract":"Changes about the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s (NCAA) Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) policy impacted the world of college sports in the summer of 2021. Emerging from the dust of this seismic event was an apparent new frontier for athletes, coaches, and universities to explore. In the eyes of many, college sports had now entered a “Wild West” frontier because of NIL, especially as it pertains to recruiting athletes. But what does that really mean, “Wild West”? And further, if such a comparison is at least somewhat accurate, are there lessons that can be learned from other sectors who likewise experienced supposed western-like eras? The purpose of this article is to address these two pressing questions.","PeriodicalId":43607,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71082612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reframing the Collegiate Facilities Arms Race: The Looming Impact of NIL and Conference Realignment","authors":"J. Petersen, L. Judge","doi":"10.7290/jasm13wlu7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/jasm13wlu7","url":null,"abstract":"Amidst the backdrop of an ongoing global pandemic, the summer of 2021 brought forth two events teetering the Division I college sport landscape at the precipice of unprecedented change due to two fundamental shifts: the first being the opening of revenue streams to collegiate athletes through use of name, image and likeness (NIL), and the second being the latest round of athletic conference realignment. With the impacts of these changes just beginning to be manifested, it is important to consider how these potentially seismic shifts in the collegiate landscape may influence existing issues of prior scholarly examination as well as potential new areas of research. As such, the purpose of this paper is to identify areas of potential future research and inquiry associated with the NIL and conference realignment that could be addressed from the facilities perspective.","PeriodicalId":43607,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71083946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alicia Romano, Jamie Riggs, A. Morse, Yoon Tae Sun
{"title":"Intercollegiate Athletics Marketing-Generated Revenue: Within Autonomy Football Bowl Subdivision","authors":"Alicia Romano, Jamie Riggs, A. Morse, Yoon Tae Sun","doi":"10.7290/jasm137256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/jasm137256","url":null,"abstract":"Intercollegiate athletic market-generating revenue (MGR) is of interest to administrators for increasing institution revenue. The driving factors of MGR (i.e., conference, facilities, and finances) need to be understood to allow target level planning for increasing MGR. Multiple linear regression was used to assess MGR on a sample of U.S. autonomy Football Bowl Subdivision institutions. Per capita attendance by designated marketing area, capacity, and contributions were shown to have a strong, quantifiable influence on MGR. By setting the levels of the facility and financial determinant variables, and adjusting for conference, the MGR may be predicted or targeted for institution revenue goals.","PeriodicalId":43607,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71082902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Win-At-All-Costs? Exploring Bottom-line Mentality as a Buffer between Athletic Director Servant Leadership and Coach Commitment","authors":"Matt Robinson, J. W. Kim, M. Magnusen, M. Neubert","doi":"10.7290/jasm136424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/jasm136424","url":null,"abstract":"Servant leadership (SL), characterized by enduring qualities of genuine caring, humility, and empathy, has been positively associated with numerous leader effectiveness outcomes (e.g., employee satisfaction) across sport and non-sport settings. This study addresses the need to more thoroughly investigate follower characteristics that may allow servant leadership to be more (or less) effective in a sport context. Drawing from leader-member exchange theory, this study predicted head coach bottom-line mentality (i.e. 1-dimensional, win-at-all-costs attitude) would negatively impact the relationship between athletic director SL and head coach commitment. Surveying a sample of 810 interscholastic HCs across the USA, Structural Equation Modeling revealed SL’s positive effect on head coach commitment. Analysis also revealed the interaction of SL and bottom-line mentality had a significant negative impact on commitment. Thus, when follower bottom-line mentality is win-at-all-costs, the positive influence of SL appears to be diminished.","PeriodicalId":43607,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71082705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Use of Season Ticket Incentives In Major League Baseball","authors":"Kaitlin Poe, J. Drea","doi":"10.7290/JASM120105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/JASM120105","url":null,"abstract":"A study of Major League Baseball season ticket promotional incentives found that the most popular types of incentives provided to season seat holders (SSHs) were exclusive offers, complementary items, discounts, ticket options and services","PeriodicalId":43607,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71082630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"To Serve and Protect: Examining the Relationship between Selling Alcohol in College Football Venues and Negative Fan Behaviors","authors":"N. Popp, Archer Bane, S. Howell, Barbara Osborne","doi":"10.7290/JASM120106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/JASM120106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43607,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71082717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing Athletic Programs' Recruitment Success: A Strategic Planning Model of Recruiting","authors":"S. Dwyer","doi":"10.7290/JASM120203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/JASM120203","url":null,"abstract":"A critical yet understudied element in recruiting success is understanding an athletic program’s strengths and weaknesses relative to influential college choice factors. The purpose of this study is to provide practitioners and researchers with a new approach to assess an athletic program’s recruiting process, improve its effectiveness and efficiency, and close the gap between what student-athletes desire in an athletic program and what the program offers. To achieve that end, collegiate football players (N = 66) at a NCAA FBS school were surveyed using a scale consolidated from past college choice factor scholarship. Exploratory factor analysis using principlecomponent analysis and Varimax rotation was then used to assess the underlying factor structure of the proposed scale and the commonalities among the 48 scale items. From the results, a strategic recruiting model was created that categorizes college choice factors into a four-quadrant matrix consisting of Urgency, Strength, Support, and Concern components.","PeriodicalId":43607,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71082870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Way of the Fight: An Analysis of MMA Judging","authors":"T. Feldman","doi":"10.7290/JASM120205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7290/JASM120205","url":null,"abstract":"Judging is a controversial but rarely studied topic in Mixed Martial Arts (MMA). Most MMA scholarship focuses on health (e.g., head trauma) and training (e.g., dieting, strength, and conditioning), with relatively few exploring matters of judging even though judging is of considerable importance to the appeal and integrity of the sport. Thus, the purpose of this study is to fill this research void by analyzing data on MMA judging decisions to determine if MMA judging follows the criteria approved by the ABC MMA Rules Committee. To evaluate MMA judging, FightMetric data were gathered from a period spanning November 17, 2000 to December 19, 2015. Fight promotions used in the data include the UFC, Strikeforce, and WEC. Logit regressions were used to evaluate the research hypotheses. Several key results stemmed from the analysis, including takedowns landed, knockdowns, significant strikes landed, damage, and control significantly increasingly the like-lihood of a fighter winning rounds. However, when a fight is close, judges favor striking as a measure of aggression rather than submission and wrestling attempts. Overall, despite some bias in favor of striking over wrestling and Jiu-Jitsu, MMA judges appear to mostly follow the evaluation criteria provided to them.","PeriodicalId":43607,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sport Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71082880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}