Nauchnyi Dialog最新文献_第2页

Rural Settlement Network in Territory of Contemporary Omsk Region from Last Quarter of 19th Century to Early 20th Century 19 世纪末到 20 世纪初当代鄂木斯克州境内的农村居民点网络

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Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-473-490

E. V. Sokolova

{"title":"Rural Settlement Network in Territory of Contemporary Omsk Region from Last Quarter of 19th Century to Early 20th Century","authors":"E. V. Sokolova","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-473-490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-473-490","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the characteristics of the formation of the rural settlement network in the territory of modern Omsk region during the last quarter of the 19th century through the early 20th century. The relevance of this study is driven by societal and governmental interest in rural history, as well as by the expansion of the source base, which is related to the popularization of museum collections and personal archives. Throughout the research, the author analyzes a wide range of sources and identifies features of the territory’s settlement, lifestyle, and everyday life of peasants, as well as the nature of relationships between settlers and natives. The author concludes that natural and geographical conditions played a significant role in shaping the network of rural settlements, organizing economic life, and the daily routines of peasants. Particular attention is paid to the study of the economic life of peasants, as it was one of the defining factors in the formation of the rural settlement network of the territory. The investigation reveals that agriculture was the main occupation for peasants in the Omsk Irtysh region, despite the limited amount of arable land available. Livestock breeding was confined to its economic significance. Additional income for peasants depended on their settlement location and was determined by the natural resources of the territory. Natural and geographical conditions also dictated the external appearance of settlements.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"21 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Contribution of Public Scientific and Technical Associations to Development of Mass Inventiveness in USSR from Mid-1950s to Mid-1960s 50 年代中期至 60 年代中期公共科技协会对苏联大众发明发展的贡献

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Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-414-434

D. A. Pinaeva

{"title":"Contribution of Public Scientific and Technical Associations to Development of Mass Inventiveness in USSR from Mid-1950s to Mid-1960s","authors":"D. A. Pinaeva","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-414-434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-414-434","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the role of public scientific and technical associations in the implementation of the Soviet Union’s science and technology policy aimed at stimulating inventive activity and expediting the introduction of new technology into production. Considering mass invention and rationalization as a crucial resource for ensuring the country’s competitiveness, especially in industries not related to the defense-industrial complex, the state essentially fully administered the activities of scientific and technical societies. The evolution of the mass invention management system is demonstrated. Organizational and economic mechanisms aimed at stimulating innovative activity are analyzed, revealing the most effective and indemand practices. It is noted that public associations had high potential for solving scientific and technical tasks, possessing a large number of qualified personnel, an extensive network of primary organizations, and a centralized management apparatus. However, administrative pressure, the imposition of ideological directives not inherent to scientific and technical societies, the creation of numerous associations with duplicative functions, and the pursuit of increasing quantitative indicators constrained the possibilities of scientific and technical societies, ultimately leading to formalism in the work of public associations.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"1 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Royal Council of England in 1483 and Usurpation of Power by Richard III 1483 年英格兰王室会议和理查德三世篡权

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Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-435-451

A. G. Prazdnikov

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Reparations Withdrawals Of Metallurgical Equipment in Central and Eastern European Countries at Final Stage of Great Patriotic War (1944—1945) 伟大卫国战争最后阶段（1944-1945 年）中欧和东欧国家冶金设备的赔款收回情况

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Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-344-359

V. V. Zapariy, V. V. Zapariy, N. N. Melnikov

{"title":"Reparations Withdrawals Of Metallurgical Equipment in Central and Eastern European Countries at Final Stage of Great Patriotic War (1944—1945)","authors":"V. V. Zapariy, V. V. Zapariy, N. N. Melnikov","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-344-359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-344-359","url":null,"abstract":"This article is dedicated to the lesser-known aspects of Soviet policy regarding the compulsory seizure of industrial equipment in territories liberated by the Red Army from the fascist bloc states in 1944—1945. Based on an analysis of decrees by the State Defense Committee, the principles of interaction between representatives of industrial People’s Commissariats and military authorities in liberated territories are revealed, with the aim of dismantling and transporting the most promising industrial assets back to the USSR for the needs of restoring the country’s metallurgical complex. The paper provides examples of property disputes among leading economic entities — the industrial People's Commissariats of the USSR — over the right to dismantle industrial facilities for their own benefit. It also sheds light on the activities of Special Assembly Managements under the People’s Commissariat for Construction of the USSR and their authority in the process of seizing industrial assets in territories freed from German control in Eastern Europe. Using the case studies of non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy enterprises located in territories of fascist bloc countries (Germany, Hungary) liberated by the Red Army, typical approaches to organizing the compulsory dismantling of their equipment are analyzed. The research conducted vividly demonstrates the significance of reparations seizures of industrial equipment in Eastern Europe for the modernization and recovery of the USSR’s metallurgical complex during 1944—1945.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cosmic Imagery in Russian Poetry at Turn of 18th and 19th Centuries: Strategies of Study 18 世纪和 19 世纪之交俄罗斯诗歌中的宇宙意象：研究策略

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Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-211-228

K. A. Potashova

{"title":"Cosmic Imagery in Russian Poetry at Turn of 18th and 19th Centuries: Strategies of Study","authors":"K. A. Potashova","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-211-228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-211-228","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the mechanisms of poetic representation of celestial bodies, the celestial sphere, and extraordinary cosmic phenomena in Russian poetry at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries in the context of changing artistic paradigms (classicism and romanticism), poets’ worldview, and their artistic methods. It analyzes literary-critical articles from the 1820s-1840s and works by literary scholars from the second half of the 19th to the 21st centuries. The main research strategies for analyzing the cosmic imagery in Russian poetry of this period are identified. The existing methodology for interpreting the poetic works of G. R. Derzhavin and V. A. Zhukovsky, who were at the forefront of the leading artistic systems of the time, is evaluated in terms of understanding the image of the cosmic universe. It is determined that in literary criticism and scholarship, three main approaches have emerged in interpreting the image of the cosmic universe: interpretations of the astronomical universe as classical emblems, as typical elements of landscape in romantic aesthetics, and as ontologically charged images. It is proven that the study of cosmic motifs did not have a systematic character in relation to the literary process at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"25 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New Tatar Settlements in Lower Tara Area in Last Third of 19th Century: Foundation History, Population Structure, and Livelihoods 19 世纪后三叶下塔拉地区的新鞑靼人定居点：建城史、人口结构和生计

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Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-491-511

M. Tikhomirova, K. Tikhomirov

{"title":"New Tatar Settlements in Lower Tara Area in Last Third of 19th Century: Foundation History, Population Structure, and Livelihoods","authors":"M. Tikhomirova, K. Tikhomirov","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-491-511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-491-511","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to the history of the establishment of the villages of Malye Murly in the Tarsky District and Molodtsovo in the Muromtsevsky District of the Omsk Region, founded by Tatars during the period of mass migrations to Siberia. These villages no longer exist. The paper introduces documents from regional archives into scholarly discourse. Materials from the First All-Russian population census of 1897 have been analyzed to study the age, gender, and ethnic composition of the inhabitants. The article reconstructs the economic activities of the settlers. The authors conclude that the village of Malye Murly (also known as Novo-Murlinskaya) was established by Tatars from Ust-Tarskaya in the 1870s, while Molodtsovo (also known as Molodtsovsky settlement) was settled by residents of the Chipliarovski yurts prior to 1897. It is reported that both settlements lasted for about a century. Evidence suggests that the inhabitants of both settlements engaged little in agriculture; they had more developed livestock practices but lacked sufficient land resources, as the best lands were occupied by older settlements or belonged to the state. The authors conclude that in their formative stages, these settlements exhibit similar characteristics to another Tatar village, Mamshenkino in the Bolsherechensky District of Omsk Region, which was also founded during this period and whose residents eventually dispersed.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"4 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Life Cycle Rites in Worldview System of Buryat People (Material from Archive of S. P. Baldaev) 布里亚特人世界观体系中的生命周期仪式（S. P. Baldaev 档案资料）

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Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-193-210

I. Aktamov, Z. A. Debenova

{"title":"Life Cycle Rites in Worldview System of Buryat People (Material from Archive of S. P. Baldaev)","authors":"I. Aktamov, Z. A. Debenova","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-193-210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-193-210","url":null,"abstract":"The significance of this study lies in the necessity of conducting a scientific analysis of folklore and ethnographic materials collected by one of the first folklorists in ethnic Buryatia, S. P. Baldaev. The analysis was carried out on texts recorded in the Transbaikal and Pre-Baikal regions, which relate to the rituals of the Buryat life cycle, including wedding rituals, childbirth rituals, and initiation rituals. These rituals had a fundamental influence on the formation of the worldview of traditional Buryat society. It is emphasized that the life cycle rituals clearly differentiated gender and age responsibilities and regulated interpersonal relationships within the family. Folklore and ethnographic data preserved in the Center for Eastern Manuscripts and Xylographs of the Institute of Mongolian Studies, Buddhist Studies, and Tibetology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences are introduced into scientific circulation. The results of the study will contribute to enriching the Buryat understanding of the world order with new facts and historical materials, which are relevant both for academic science and for contemporary society, which has a demand for the revival of traditional values.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"27 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Vyatka Church Seals of Synodal Period: an Attempt at Classification (Collection of Sphragistics at P.V. Alabin Kirov Regional Local Lore Museum) 维亚特卡主教时期的教堂印章：分类尝试（P.V. Alabin 基洛夫地区地方志博物馆收藏的文字学藏品）

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Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-395-413

E. Y. Mokerova, K. N. Tarasov

{"title":"Vyatka Church Seals of Synodal Period: an Attempt at Classification (Collection of Sphragistics at P.V. Alabin Kirov Regional Local Lore Museum)","authors":"E. Y. Mokerova, K. N. Tarasov","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-395-413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-395-413","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a classification of Vyatka church seals from the 18th to the early 20th century based on materials from the collection of sphragistics at the P. V. Alabin Kirov Regional Local Lore Museum. The criteria for classification include the affiliation of the seals with specific individuals and institutions, as well as the specific images depicted on the seals. The article identifies four groups of seals: seals of church administration, seals of spiritual educational institutions, seals of churches, and personal seals of clergy. The study reveals that state symbols, such as the doubleheaded eagle, were typically depicted on seals of church administration and spiritual educational institutions. Seals of parish churches depicted real church buildings or saints until the first third of the 19th century when they were replaced by a standardized image of a three-domed church. Seals belonging to Vyatka bishops were typically twosided with images of a blessing hand and the Holy Trinity. From the mid-19th century, they were replaced by one-sided seals with images of two blessing hands. All personal seals of bishops have circular legends with their names. Seals belonging to other clergy members contain information about the owner’s name, initials, surname, and sometimes their rank. The most popular symbol for all groups of seals was the All-Seeing Eye, symbolizing God’s omniscience.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“White Coal” for Petrograd: Attempts at Energy Transition During First World War 彼得格勒的 "白煤"：第一次世界大战期间的能源转型尝试

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Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-230-247

A. B. Agafonova

{"title":"“White Coal” for Petrograd: Attempts at Energy Transition During First World War","authors":"A. B. Agafonova","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-230-247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-230-247","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the origins of Russian hydropower in the prerevolutionary period. From the 1880s, entrepreneurs in the Russian Empire began constructing small hydroelectric power stations for industrial purposes. Despite a lack of statelevel attention for these technologies for an extended period, they were studied by the Imperial Russian Technical Society. The First World War sparked interest in hydropower among government authorities as fuel and financial crises forced the government to seek cheaper energy sources. Legislative measures for regulating the use of water bodies and the practical application of hydropower, which were carried out by the government between 1915 and 1917, received further implementation in Bolshevik Russia. The author analyzes the process of transitioning from discussions about the potential uses of hydropower to the practical implementation of the first hydroelectric projects, emphasizing the key role of the war in accelerating this transition. The source base of the study consisted of administrative documents from the Council of Ministers, the Ministry of Transportation, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, official statistics, press materials, and scholarly literature.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kryzhanovsky as a Figure in Anti-Bolshevik Movement of Urals and Siberia in 1918—1920 1918-1920 年乌拉尔和西伯利亚反布尔什维克运动的代表人物克列扎诺夫斯基

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Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-305-325

M. I. Weber

{"title":"Kryzhanovsky as a Figure in Anti-Bolshevik Movement of Urals and Siberia in 1918—1920","authors":"M. I. Weber","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-305-325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-305-325","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to the history of the Yekaterinburg Secret Military Organization, which prepared an uprising against Soviet authority. It introduces new information into academic discourse regarding its covert operations in the spring and summer of 1918. The existing historiographic views on the leadership composition and structure of the Yekaterinburg Secret Military Organization have been expanded. The role of one of its previously unknown participants, the mining engineer Yuri Ilyich Kryzhanovsky, within the organization has been revealed. It has been proven that Yuri I. Kryzhanovsky was one of the leaders of the Yekaterinburg Secret Military Organization, and that the headquarters of the underground movement was located in his father’s house. Key milestones in Kryzhanovsky’s biography have been established, including the final period associated with his service in Admiral Kolchak’s army. Kryzhanovsky’s connections with Major General A. N. Grishin-Almazov, commander of the Siberian Army, and the renowned revolutionary B. V. Savinkov are demonstrated. It is proven that Yuri I. Kryzhanovsky participated in the creation of the All-Russian National Union in the city of Ufa and subsequently joined the leadership of the Yekaterinburg branch of the All-Russian National Union. The primary sources for reconstructing the biography of Yuri I. Kryzhanovsky were award documents from Kolchak’s army and newspaper materials.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139163056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0