Nauchnyi Dialog最新文献_第10页

Nizhny Novgorod City Widows’ Home at End of 19th — Early 20th Century: Activities in Education and Healthcare 19世纪末至20世纪初下诺夫哥罗德市寡妇之家:教育和保健活动

Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-506-524

A. V. Tikhovodova

{"title":"Nizhny Novgorod City Widows’ Home at End of 19th — Early 20th Century: Activities in Education and Healthcare","authors":"A. V. Tikhovodova","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-506-524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-506-524","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the activities of the Nizhny Novgorod City Public Widows’ Home named after Blinovy and Bugrovy at the end of the 19th — early 20th century. The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing entrepreneurial activity and private initiative in the field of charity in modern Russia, the emergence of numerous charitable organizations and foundations, and the need to familiarize oneself with historical experience. An overview of various directions of activity of the Nizhny Novgorod City Public Widows’ Home is provided, based on its charter and reports. The educational activities of primary and vocational schools opened at the Widows’ Home are examined, along with the quantitative, social, and age composition of students, as well as the sources of material assistance provided to them. The article extensively covers the allocation of funds for education, sources and forms of donations. The medical services provided to the residents are characterized, including the number of visits by paramedics and doctors, types of diseases, levels, and causes of child and adult mortality. The article highlights the universality of the institution’s work, which combines various areas of activity within its framework. The author concludes that the second half of the 19th — early 20th century was a period of private initiative in social security with significant support from local self-government bodies.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Expenditures on Pensions and Benefits in State Budget of Russian Empire in 19th to Early 20th Century 19至20世纪初俄罗斯帝国国家预算中的养老金和福利支出

Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-450-466

D. I. Raskin, A. A. Solnyshkin

{"title":"Expenditures on Pensions and Benefits in State Budget of Russian Empire in 19th to Early 20th Century","authors":"D. I. Raskin, A. A. Solnyshkin","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-450-466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-450-466","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the issue of the place of expenditures for the payment of pensions and benefits in the structure of public expenditures of the Russian Empire. It is shown that the amount of expenditures on pensions in absolute terms constantly increased (from 1741 to 1913 by more than 13 times). Since the amount of pensions paid, determined by the Pension statute of 1827, remained unchanged until 1917, this growth was determined by a constant increase in the number of pension recipients. This increase was due to an increase in the number of civil servants. At the same time, the share of expenditures on pensions and benefits in the expenditure part of the budget of the Russian Empire (“ordinary expenses”) fluctuated, reaching a maximum (5.1%) in 1871 and a minimum (2.3%) in 1903-1904. These fluctuations were determined by changes in the amount of the expenditure part of the empire’s budget, which increased noticeably by the beginning of the 20th century. On the whole, expenditures on pension provision accounted for a significant part of budget expenditures, exceeding such significant expenditure items as, for example, the expenditures of the Ministry of Public Education or the Ministry of State Property (Ministry of Agriculture and State Property, Main Directorate of Land Management and Agriculture), although they were inferior to the expenditures of the Military Department. The insufficiency of the size of pensions, due to their invariability, was combined with the burdensomeness of pension expenditures for the state, but a radical reform of the pension system did not take place.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmaceutical Gardens of Tobolsk Province in 18th — Early 20th Centuries 18世纪至20世纪初托博尔斯克省的药园

Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-467-485

E. F. Sadykova, G. A. Sulkarnaeva, T. A. Miryugina

{"title":"Pharmaceutical Gardens of Tobolsk Province in 18th — Early 20th Centuries","authors":"E. F. Sadykova, G. A. Sulkarnaeva, T. A. Miryugina","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-467-485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-467-485","url":null,"abstract":"The historical aspects of the development of pharmacy gardens and vegetable gardens, which were intended for growing medicinal plants, are considered. A review of literary sources on the history of creating pharmacy gardens, their joint organizational activities with pharmacies and medical institutions in Russia, was conducted. Archival documents, current scientific publications, materials from official websites dedicated to the history of creating pharmacy gardens in the 18 th to early 20 th centuries in the Tobolsk province were analyzed. The novelty of the research lies in identifying the reasons for the lack of information about the creator of the pharmacy garden in the city of Tobolsk, revealing facts about the different ownership of this object, its sale, subsequent transfer, donation of a share of the plot for the construction of a military hospital. The heyday of the Tobolsk pharmacy garden is marked as a stage in the functioning of an experimental agricultural institution in Western Siberia. The role of pharmacist A. I. Daudel and his widow in the subsequent development of the Tyumen pharmacy garden is determined. Memories of the scale of implementation of medicinal preparations made from raw materials from the local pharmacy garden and its subsequent fate as a territory for a homeless shelter and a city hospital are presented. The reasons for the decline in interest in pharmacy gardens are identified.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integration Policy in Northwestern Region of Russian Empire in Second Half of 19th — Early 20th Centuries 19世纪下半叶至20世纪初俄罗斯帝国西北地区的一体化政策

Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-374-392

M. N. Krot, O. O. Zavyalova

{"title":"Integration Policy in Northwestern Region of Russian Empire in Second Half of 19th — Early 20th Centuries","authors":"M. N. Krot, O. O. Zavyalova","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-374-392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-374-392","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the commemorative practices implemented by the Russian authorities in the Northwestern region at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, which were a key element of the integrative strategy of ‘soft power’. The formation of a memorial concept based on the idea of the ‘original Russian identity’ of the region and the ‘restoration’ of the lost unity with the core of Russia is analyzed. The article provides a detailed examination of the complex of memorial events associated with the commemoration of Saints Cyril and Methodius, Empress Catherine II, and Vilnius Governor-General M. N. Muravyov, whose activities were linked to the region’s integration into the Russian cultural and civilizational space. Special attention is given to the ideological foundations and intellectual support of anniversary celebrations aimed at asserting the dominant values of Russian political culture in the public sphere. It is concluded that these commemorative practices served as a significant element of symbolic politics by the authorities, aimed at affirming Russia’s moral right to govern and acculturate these territories based on Russian civilizational principles. It is noted that these events, which were part of the overall state memorial policy, were aimed at maintaining the official discourse in the Northwestern provinces, with the idea of ‘Russian cultural primacy’ as its foundation.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135301268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

History of International Relations of Cities of Arkhangelsk Region in 1990s — 2010s: Transition from Social-Humanitarian to Trade-Economic Cooperation 20世纪90年代至2010年代阿尔汉格尔斯克地区城市国际关系史:从社会人道主义到经贸合作的过渡

Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-254-287

S. Yu. Boldyreva, R. Yu. Boldyreva, A. Yu. Cherednikova

{"title":"History of International Relations of Cities of Arkhangelsk Region in 1990s — 2010s: Transition from Social-Humanitarian to Trade-Economic Cooperation","authors":"S. Yu. Boldyreva, R. Yu. Boldyreva, A. Yu. Cherednikova","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-254-287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-254-287","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the development of international sister city relations in the 1990s — 2010s using the example of the Arkhangelsk region. The authors provide an overview of existing approaches in historiography to analyzing municipal-level international partnership relations in different regions of Russia and the world. Based on a wide range of sources, including international agreements, federal and regional regulatory acts, and reporting documentation over the past 30 years, the article pays particular attention to the region’s attempts in the 2000s — 2010s to move from exclusively social-humanitarian cooperation to developing economic ties with partner cities and regions. The real impact of sister city relations on the development of external economic ties in the region is analyzed in detail, as well as changes in the share of countries with which partner relations were established in the overall external trade turnover of the Arkhangelsk region. The authors conclude that there is currently no state regulation of the institution of sister city relations at the federal and regional levels. Such a situation creates serious difficulties for further development of this institution of public diplomacy, expanding the external economic activities of Russian regions, and spreading Russia’s “soft power” in the world.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Russian-French Agreements of 1891-1893 in International Relations at Turn of 19th and 20th Centuries 19、20世纪之交国际关系中的1891-1893年俄法协议

Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-203-217

V. N. Azarov, A. G. Nesterov

{"title":"Russian-French Agreements of 1891-1893 in International Relations at Turn of 19th and 20th Centuries","authors":"V. N. Azarov, A. G. Nesterov","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-203-217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-203-217","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to Russia’s European policy from the formation of the German Empire in 1871 to the beginning of World War I. It examines the historical conditions, reasons, and nature of the Russo-French military-political alliance of 1891-1893. The role of Emperor Alexander III in the political rapprochement between Russia and France on an anti-German and anti-Austrian basis is demonstrated. The existence of mutual interest between Russia and France in forming a military-political alliance is revealed. The Bierk Treaty of 1905 between Emperors Wilhelm II and Nicholas II is analyzed, showing that this treaty fundamentally contradicted the development of military-political cooperation between Russia and France and therefore was not implemented. The conclusion is drawn regarding the significance of the Russo-French alliance of the early 1890s for the foreign policy and historical destiny of the Russian Empire. Germany's interest in strengthening its influence on the foreign policy of the Russian Empire is shown. It is proven that Germany’s attempts to attract Russia to its side did not succeed, and Russia maintained its alliance with France, which was more significant for it during the period under consideration, despite the fact that ultimately this alliance led to the involvement of the Russian Empire in a world war.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"298 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of Prince M. P. Gagarin’s Case in Context of Development of State Control System in First Quarter of 18th Century 18世纪上半叶国家控制制度发展背景下的加加林亲王案考察

Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-346-373

E. V. Kostetskaya, L. N. Suslova, V. A. Aksenova

{"title":"Investigation of Prince M. P. Gagarin’s Case in Context of Development of State Control System in First Quarter of 18th Century","authors":"E. V. Kostetskaya, L. N. Suslova, V. A. Aksenova","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-346-373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-346-373","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates the activities of Prince Matvey Petrovich Gagarin as the first governor of Siberia. The materials of his investigation case are examined in the context of the development of the state control system over the actions of government authorities during the reign of Peter I. The process of creating legislation and special controlling and judicial bodies aimed at regulating the limits of powers of civil servants, identifying and preventing their violations, is characterized. The study is based on the analysis of legislative sources regulating the organization of new administrative-territorial divisions. A number of documentary sources from the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts are analyzed, including cases from the Siberian Office, orders from Governor M. P. Gagarin, reports from commanders of Siberian cities, petitions from various individuals, and other materials. It is shown that the organization of investigative measures and the criminal case process against Prince M. P. Gagarin were under the personal control of Peter I. The conclusion is drawn that Prince M. P. Gagarin was an active participant in many reforms initiated by the reformist tsar. At the same time, it is demonstrated that Prince Gagarin’s biography is a vivid example of the collision between the widespread practice of enrichment by aristocratic clans and Peter I’s principles and views on the essence and place of official service in his “regular” police state.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Monasteries of First Jebtsundamba Khutukhtu Zanabazar (1635—1723): Shankhyn-khiid, Tuvkhun-khiid, Erdene-khambyn-khiid (2022 Expedition) 第一任热布松丹巴-呼图克图-扎那巴扎尔（1635-1723 年）的寺院：香辛基德、图甫坤基德、额尔德尼-汉宾基德（2022 年远征）。

Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-288-311

T. P. Vanchikova, N. D. Tsyrenova, I. D. Van

{"title":"Monasteries of First Jebtsundamba Khutukhtu Zanabazar (1635—1723): Shankhyn-khiid, Tuvkhun-khiid, Erdene-khambyn-khiid (2022 Expedition)","authors":"T. P. Vanchikova, N. D. Tsyrenova, I. D. Van","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-288-311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-288-311","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the brief history and current state of three early monasteries of the first Jebtsundamba Khutukhtu Zanabazar (1635—1723): Shankhyn-khiid, Tuvkhun-khiid, and Erdene-khambyn-khiid (Högnö-khan's-khiid), located in the Uvurkhangai and Bulgan aimags of Mongolia. The material for the article is based on the results of field research conducted by the authors in 2022. Documents and various published sources in Mongolian language, including interviews, were also used. The role of the traditional Buddhist monastery system, which played a significant role in the life of Mongolia and its people, is shown in historical retrospect. Modern processes of restoring social functions of monasteries in society are analyzed. Three monasteries belonging to the category of gegen or khutukhtu’s, founded by Undur-gegen, are studied. Methods of historical and topographical analysis of sacred objects of monasteries included observation, comparative historical, historical and biographical, as well as source studies methods. The authors conclude that the most complete history is that of the Barun-khure monastery since it was not only the residence of Undur-gegen and a religious object but also a large cultural, educational, and socio-economic center. It is claimed that partial reconstruction of monasteries is currently underway, and Buddhist traditions are being revived in accordance with modern realities.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rumors and Conversations in Kazakh Village (Aul) on Eve of Famine (1927—1931) 饥荒前夕哈萨克村(乌尔)的谣言与对话(1927-1931)

Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-180-202

N. N. Ablazhey, A. S. Zhanbossinova, E. E. Sailaubay

{"title":"Rumors and Conversations in Kazakh Village (Aul) on Eve of Famine (1927—1931)","authors":"N. N. Ablazhey, A. S. Zhanbossinova, E. E. Sailaubay","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-180-202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-180-202","url":null,"abstract":"The social phenomenon of “rumors and gossip” in a Kazakh village during the 1920s-1930s is analyzed in this study. It is emphasized that rumors are an integral part of traditional society. It is asserted that the massive surge of rumors in Soviet Russia was a reaction of traditional society to forceful modernization. The goal of the article is to demonstrate the dichotomy of the content and form of rumors during the collectivization period in relation to the Kazakh village (aul). It is noted that the analytical materials of the OGPU are the most important source for studying the mood of the population of the USSR in the 1920s — early 1930s, which found reflection in rumors. It is shown that accelerated Sovietization generated a high level of anxiety in Kazakh society, reflected in the rise of apocalyptic moods and the actualization of mythology. The authors conclude that the idea of kiyamat was a form of deep protest of the village (aul), not an ideology of resistance. The form of active resistance in the republic is presented as mass migrations to China, which was due to the desire to “wait out” unstable times, so rumors about migrations were widely circulated in the borderlands. It is emphasized that rumors were an alternative view of Soviet reality, they slowed down the destruction of the village (aul) as a rural community and ensured the stability of traditional society.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134943992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-121-140

O. I. Tayupova, I. M. Tayupova

{"title":"Popularization of Medical Knowledge in German Journal Discourse in Perspective of Language Code","authors":"O. I. Tayupova, I. M. Tayupova","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-121-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-7-121-140","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted on the language code used in medical popular science texts in German journal discourse. Interviews, brief news texts, and articles on medical topics are used as empirical material. It is shown that the arsenal of modern German language resources is aimed at implementing communicative-pragmatic functions of popular science discourse texts as a whole. It is noted that the leading functions among them are informing, influencing, and persuading the target audience. It is established that verbal means of different linguistic levels, as well as a number of stylistic devices (inversion, parceling, allusion, metaphor, metonymy, personification), not only convey medical knowledge to wide segments of the population but also transmit information about the national-cultural specifics of Germany and its achievements in medicine, taking into account the age characteristics of the addressees, also performing an educational function and seeking to achieve emotional involvement of the reader in complex content. The relevance of the study is due to the growing interest of non-professional participants in media-medical communication in the processes of self-diagnosis and self-treatment, which require mastering various medical knowledge. The novelty of the research lies in determining the pragmatic potential of structural-compositional features, including clickable headlines, and linguistic means, thanks to which a special media-medical picture of the world is formed.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"300 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0