Nauchnyi Dialog最新文献

Image of Russian Pan-Slavism in German Official Press at End of 19th Century 19 世纪末德国官方报刊中的俄罗斯泛斯拉夫主义形象

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Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-326-343

N. A. Vlasov

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Innovation Policy in OECD Activities: A Historical Reconstruction on Neo-Gramscian Foundations 经合组织活动中的创新政策：新葛兰西主义基础上的历史重构

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Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-265-287

E. A. Antuykhova, D. A. Talagaeva

{"title":"Innovation Policy in OECD Activities: A Historical Reconstruction on Neo-Gramscian Foundations","authors":"E. A. Antuykhova, D. A. Talagaeva","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-265-287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-265-287","url":null,"abstract":"The article offers a historical analysis of the formation and development of the concept of “innovation” in the discourse of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The theoretical and methodological foundation of the analysis is based on contemporary international political economy, which posits the necessity of considering international institutions as expressions of certain group interests. A characteristic feature of this approach is its reliance on the views of A. Gramsci, who argued that contrary to the original tenets of historical materialism, social processes do not arise as a direct realization of the interests of the ruling class but reflect compromises reached between it and other groups in society. Accordingly, examining the development of ideas about innovation from this perspective demonstrates that this process operates as a reflection of the converging interests of the scientific community, financial capital, and the electronics industry, forming a “historic bloc” that holds a stable position in Western society. Taking OECD documents as the subject of research, which acts as an influential center for policy development with characteristic features of both a political and scientific organization, allows for discerning traces of the historical bloc’s construction and its ideological shaping within these documents. The article traces the prehistory of the emergence of this bloc, the formation of compromises that bind its participants, and the construction of innovation policy as a way to express interests that have come to the forefront as a result of these compromises.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"28 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Counterintelligence Activities of Gendarmerie Railway Police before and during World War I 第一次世界大战之前和期间宪兵铁路警察的反间谍活动

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Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-360-377

P. A. Kolpakov, R. Arslanov

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Russian Tea Trade in Hankou during Second Half of 19th Century: Production of Brick Tea 19 世纪下半叶汉口的俄罗斯茶叶贸易：砖茶生产

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Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-512-528

I. R. Khamzin, R. Ganiev

{"title":"Russian Tea Trade in Hankou during Second Half of 19th Century: Production of Brick Tea","authors":"I. R. Khamzin, R. Ganiev","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-512-528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-512-528","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the issue of producing the socalled “brick tea” in China at Russian factories during the second half of the 19th century. Compressed teas constituted the second largest group after looseleaf teas highlighted in prerevolutionary Russian literature, sources, and statistics among Chinese teas exported to the Russian market. The study explores aspects of brick tea production that have been least covered in previous historiography. These include issues related to the procurement of raw materials for further pressing at Russian factories, pricing strategies for this product, and the accompanying competition. The experience of utilizing hydraulic presses for more efficient tea production, as well as the dynamics and volumes of brick tea production, are examined. The research revealed that in the latter half of the 19th century, Russian entrepreneurs in Hankou successfully organized the process of fabricating pressed teas, thereby contributing to the strengthening and further development of Russo-Chinese relations. Documents from central Russian archives were utilized in this study, enabling the unveiling of many previously unexplored aspects of the history of Russo-Chinese trade.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"57 S13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Limits of Possibility: Practices of Administrative Sanctions Against Russian Periodical Press at Beginning of 20th Century 可能性的限制：20 世纪初对俄罗斯期刊媒体的行政处罚做法

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Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-248-264

I. V. Alferova, V. F. Blokhin

{"title":"Limits of Possibility: Practices of Administrative Sanctions Against Russian Periodical Press at Beginning of 20th Century","authors":"I. V. Alferova, V. F. Blokhin","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-248-264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-248-264","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the mechanisms of censorship restrictions on Russian periodical press that had become widespread by the beginning of the 20th century. It explores the history of the development of censorship during the post-reform era and the stages of reorganization of the censorship apparatus in the context of changing Russian realities in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The issue of legislative initiatives regulating the coverage of domestic political events in the pages of Russian periodicals is addressed. Special attention is given to the practice of using administrative resources in the form of mandatory decrees by governors to establish control over local press. The documents for analysis were extracted by the authors from the archives of the Police Department of the State Archive of the Russian Federation. They contain information about specific instances of administrative penalties and fines imposed by governors on newspaper editors. Comparing this information with the content of articles subjected to penalties allowed for the identification of \"the limits of possibility\" for periodical press that existed locally in the perceptions of administrators. The review conducted led to the conclusion that mandatory decrees provided provincial administrations with the right, based on their own biases and convictions, to censor political content in print publications, thereby influencing public opinion.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

TV Series in a Big City: Geo-Poetics of Telenovelas 1980s—2020s 大城市中的电视剧：1980 年代至 2020 年代电视小说的地理诗学

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Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-166-191

L. Kislova, T. N. Ratsen, S. O. Dracheva

{"title":"TV Series in a Big City: Geo-Poetics of Telenovelas 1980s—2020s","authors":"L. Kislova, T. N. Ratsen, S. O. Dracheva","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-166-191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-166-191","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the influence of toponymic images on the aesthetics of popular foreign and Russian television Series. The television series is a specific artistic model, the transformation and functioning of which is the result of significant television influence on the audience. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that, being a key genre of contemporary mass culture on one hand, and a multimedia text on the other, the series allows visual content to displace verbal content and constructs a certain reality in the minds of viewers. Within the framework of the geopoetic approach, the authors of the article examine the image of the city in television projects from different years, analyze the functions of urban signs and symbols, and identify various artistic techniques used to characterize characters and represent national-cultural spaces. Special attention is given to the role of the city as a setting and a tool for plot development in TV shows. The result of the study is the identification of the dynamics of the city image in television projects from the 1980s to the 2020s, which allows us to characterize television Series not only as a source of entertainment, but also as a social and national project that claims one of the dominant positions in contemporary culture.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"93 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139163237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tyumen District in 1920s: Settlement Numbers and Development Features 二十世纪二十年代的秋明区居民点数量和发展特点

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Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-288-304

A. A. Valitov, V. S. Sulimov

{"title":"Tyumen District in 1920s: Settlement Numbers and Development Features","authors":"A. A. Valitov, V. S. Sulimov","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-288-304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-288-304","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of this study is the rural settlements of the Tyumen district in the first quarter of the 20th century. It is noted that during this period, the Tyumen district was situated at the heart of the Tyumen region, ranking first in terms of population size (44,545 people) and the area of territory covered (5.4 thousand square kilometers). The paper examines changes in the number and typology of settlements within the Tyumen district through the lens of its rural localities. It has been established that the district’s settlement network consisted of 177 localities, falling into 11 types, with villages making up a significant proportion — over 50%. This fact indicates that in long-settled regions, settlement networks have existed in virtually unchanged forms despite various external and internal factors. Fifteen villages were identified as creating the framework of the Tyumen district’s settlement network, demonstrating resilience and successfully adapting to new conditions. For instance, data from 1912 and 1926 show that population numbers in these localities were growing, especially in those settlements occupying advantageous (central) positions within the existing network. Many villages in the Tyumen district attained this status during the Soviet period, even though at the beginning of the 20th century they were mere villages. Successful new connections between settlements were facilitated by transportation factors (the presence of railways, tract roads, and a navigable water artery — the Tura River).","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Legal Debates on ‘Ex Officio’ Procedure in Late 16th Century England: Robert Bill’s Position 16 世纪晚期英国关于 "职权 "程序的法律辩论：罗伯特-比尔的立场

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Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-378-394

D. S. Mityureva

{"title":"Legal Debates on ‘Ex Officio’ Procedure in Late 16th Century England: Robert Bill’s Position","authors":"D. S. Mityureva","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-378-394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-378-394","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the origins of the modern right to remain silent and not testify against oneself, which was established in legal discussions among English jurists in the sixteenth century and in the practice of English courts in the seventeenth century. The aim of the article is to analyze the conflict between common and civil law jurists in the late sixteenth century regarding the procedure of ex officio oath-taking, that is, taking an oath due to the prosecutor’s official position. The legal context of the 1580s-1590s, when there was a dispute over the activities of the High Commission, is reviewed. The legal texts under consideration demonstrate a struggle between inquisitorial practices and attempts to make the judicial process (including the church) “properly organized.” Special attention is paid to the position of Robert Bill, a clerk of the Privy Council. The author delves into the arguments Bill presents against ex officio oaths. The analysis of the legal debate allows for a broader understanding of several conflicts: the relationship between church and common law in England after the Reformation and the balance of power between authorities and subjects’ rights.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"31 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Functional Potential of Multilingual Text in Urban Space: a Linguistic-Semiotic Perspective 城市空间中多语言文本的功能潜力：语言学--符号学视角

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Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-142-165

O. Alimuradov, M. A. Gorbunova

{"title":"Functional Potential of Multilingual Text in Urban Space: a Linguistic-Semiotic Perspective","authors":"O. Alimuradov, M. A. Gorbunova","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-142-165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-142-165","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the functional potential of multilingual texts within urban spaces from a linguistic-semiotic perspective. The study uses a sample of 1590 multilingual texts, consisting of photographs of graffiti objects found in four cities in Southern Russia: Nalchik, the Novorossiysk agglomeration (Novorossiysk and Myskhako), Pyatigorsk, and Rostov-on-Don. The methods used include continuous sampling of multilingual texts, content analysis of their verbal elements, semiotic analysis of their graphic elements, comparative and contrastive methods, and quantitative data processing techniques. The phenomenon of graffiti is analyzed from linguistic and linguo-semiotic perspectives, with a distinction made between graffiti and street art. The authors describe the ontology of graffiti in the urban environment through a series of important dichotomies: visibility / invisibility, performance / risk / art, and sanction/unsanction. The functions of graffiti are also examined in detail, including their integrative-identifying function, self-presentation function, protest function, subversive function, and advertising / propaganda function. The study concludes that multilingual texts, represented in the form of graffiti within urban spaces, have significant functional potential.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"200 1‐2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Models of Dissertation Defense: From Post-Reform University to Soviet Era (Case of Saint Petersburg University) 论文答辩模式：从改革后大学到苏联时代（以圣彼得堡大学为例）

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Nauchnyi Dialog Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-452-472

E. Rostovtsev, I. V. Sidorchuk

{"title":"Models of Dissertation Defense: From Post-Reform University to Soviet Era (Case of Saint Petersburg University)","authors":"E. Rostovtsev, I. V. Sidorchuk","doi":"10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-452-472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-452-472","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the issue of obtaining academic degrees in prerevolutionary Russia, a process that was an integral part of scientific initiation, allowing individuals to enter the ranks of the country’s intellectual elite. The aim of this paper is to determine the interplay between socio-political, corporate, and scientific elements in shaping the discourse of academic disputation. The analysis presented herein draws upon data primarily concerning Saint Petersburg University, which was a leading center for Russian scholarly activity. Specifically, this research utilizes unpublished materials from the minutes of the University Council meetings, journals of public assemblies of various faculties, and archives managed by the Saint Petersburg educational district, containing information on planned disputes. The authors conclude that there were eight formal obstacles a candidate had to overcome in the pursuit of a degree. The key hurdle was access to the public defense, which was a closed affair, being an internal corporate matter that excluded not only the degree candidate but also external authorities and society at large. The public defense of a thesis served more as a socially significant rite of corporate initiation, demonstrating the public importance of the corporation.","PeriodicalId":43602,"journal":{"name":"Nauchnyi Dialog","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0